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Governor-General of the Philippines
Title of government executive in colonial Philippines
Title of government executive in colonial Philippines
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| post | Governor-General |
| body | the Philippines |
| insignia | {{Image array |
| image1 | Lesser Royal Coat of Arms of Spain (1700-1868 and 1834-1930) Pillars of Hercules Variant.svg |
| image2 | Coat of arms of Great Britain (1714–1801).svg |
| image4 | Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg |
| image5 | Imperial Seal of Japan.svg |
| residence | Fort San Pedro (1565–1572) |
| Palacio del Gobernador (1572–1863) | |
| Malacañang Palace (1863–1945) | |
| Mansion House (1942–1945) | |
| appointer | Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Viceroy of New Spain |
| Estandarte real de España, Casa de Borbón (1761-1931).svg Monarch of Spain | |
| Royal standard of Great Britain (1714–1801).svg Monarch of Great Britain | |
| Flag of the President of the United States (1916–1945).svg President of the United States | |
| Flag of the Japanese Emperor.svg Emperor of Japan | |
| precursor | Various, |
| the barangay system | |
| formation | April 27, 1565 |
| first | Miguel López de Legazpi |
| (under Spain) | |
| Dawsonne Drake | |
| (under Great Britain) | |
| Wesley Merritt | |
| (under the United States) | |
| Masaharu Homma | |
| (under the Empire of Japan) | |
| last | Diego de los Ríos |
| (under Spain) | |
| Dawsonne Drake | |
| (under Great Britain) | |
| Frank Murphy | |
| (under the United States) | |
| Tomoyuki Yamashita | |
| (under the Empire of Japan) | |
| abolished | October 6, 1945 |
| native_name | Gobernador y Capitán General de Filipinas |
| Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas | |
| フィリピン総督 |
Palacio del Gobernador (1572–1863) Malacañang Palace (1863–1945) Mansion House (1942–1945) Estandarte real de España, Casa de Borbón (1761-1931).svg Monarch of Spain Royal standard of Great Britain (1714–1801).svg Monarch of Great Britain Flag of the President of the United States (1916–1945).svg President of the United States Flag of the Japanese Emperor.svg Emperor of Japan the barangay system (under Spain) Dawsonne Drake (under Great Britain) Wesley Merritt (under the United States) Masaharu Homma (under the Empire of Japan) (under Spain) Dawsonne Drake (under Great Britain) Frank Murphy (under the United States) Tomoyuki Yamashita (under the Empire of Japan) Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas フィリピン総督
The governor-general of the Philippines (; ; ) was the title of the government executive during the colonial period of the Philippines, first by the Spanish in Mexico City and later Madrid as "Captain General"– , ) from 1565 to 1898 and the United States (1898–1946), and briefly by Great Britain (1762–1764) and Japan (1942–1945). They were also the representative of the executive of the ruling power.
On November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established as a transitional government to prepare the country for independence from American control. The governor-general was replaced by an elected Filipino president of the Philippine Commonwealth, as the chief executive of the Philippines, taking over many of the duties of the governor-general. The former American governor-general then became known as the high commissioner to the Philippines.
From 1565 to 1898, the Philippines was under Spanish rule. From 1565 to 1821, the governor and captain-general was appointed by the viceroy of New Spain upon recommendation of the Spanish Cortes and governed on behalf of the monarch of Spain to govern the Captaincy General of the Philippines. When there was a vacancy (e.g. death, or during the transitional period between governors), the Real Audiencia in Manila appointed a temporary governor from among its members.
After Mexico won its independence in 1821, the country was no longer under the Viceroyalty of New Spain (present-day Mexico) and administrative affairs formerly handled by New Spain were transferred to Madrid and placed directly under the Spanish Crown.
Under New Spain (1565–1764)
| No. | Portrait | Name | Tenure start | Tenure end | Secretary of the Indies | Viceroy of New Spain | Valido | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secretary of the Universal Bureau | |||||||||
| First Secretary of State | Regent | Monarch | |||||||
| 1 | [[File:Miguel López de Legazpi, en La Hormiga de Oro.jpg | 100px]] | Miguel López de Legazpi | ||||||
| (1502–1572) | April 27, | ||||||||
| 1565 | August 20, | ||||||||
| 1572 | Vacant (Overseas Affairs hold by the President of the Council of the Indies) | *Francisco Ceinos | |||||||
| Dean of the Audiencia | |||||||||
| (1564–1566)* | No valido | No regency | Philip II | ||||||
| (1556–1598) | |||||||||
| Gastón de Peralta | |||||||||
| 3rd Marquess of Falces | |||||||||
| (1566–1567) | |||||||||
| *Alonso Muñoz and | |||||||||
| Luis Carrillo | |||||||||
| (1567–1568)* | |||||||||
| *Alonso Muñoz | |||||||||
| (1568)* | |||||||||
| *Francisco Ceinos | |||||||||
| Dean of the Audiencia | |||||||||
| (1564–1566)* | |||||||||
| Martín Enríquez de Almanza | |||||||||
| (1568–1580) | |||||||||
| 2 | [[File:Guido de Lavezares.jpg | 100px]] | Guido de Lavezaris | ||||||
| (1512–1581) | August 20, | ||||||||
| 1572 | August 25, | ||||||||
| 1575 | |||||||||
| 3 | [[File:Francisco de Sande's signature.svg | 100px]] | Francisco de Sande | ||||||
| (1540–1602) | August 25, | ||||||||
| 1575 | April | ||||||||
| 1580 | |||||||||
| 4 | [[File:Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa's signature.svg | 100px]] | Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa | ||||||
| (died 1583) | April | ||||||||
| 1580 | March 10, | ||||||||
| 1583 | |||||||||
| Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza | |||||||||
| 5th Count of Coruña | |||||||||
| (1580–1583) | |||||||||
| *5* | [[File:Diego Ronquillo's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Diego Ronquillo | ||||||
| Acting Governor-General* | *March 10, | ||||||||
| 1583* | *May 16, | ||||||||
| 1584* | |||||||||
| *Luis de Villanueva y Zapata | |||||||||
| Dean of the Audiencia | |||||||||
| (1583–1584)* | |||||||||
| 6 | [[File:Santiago de Vera's signature.svg | 100px]] | Santiago de Vera | ||||||
| (died 1606) | May 16, | ||||||||
| 1584 | May | ||||||||
| 1590 | |||||||||
| *Pedro Moya de Contreras | |||||||||
| Archbishop of Mexico | |||||||||
| (1584–1585)* | |||||||||
| Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga | |||||||||
| 1st Marquess of Villamanrique | |||||||||
| (1585–1590) | |||||||||
| Luis de Velasco | |||||||||
| 1st Marquess of Salinas | |||||||||
| (1590–1595) | |||||||||
| 7 | [[File:Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas' signature.svg | 100px]] | Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas | ||||||
| (1519–1593) | June 1, | ||||||||
| 1590 | October 25, | ||||||||
| 1593 | |||||||||
| *8* | [[File:Pedro de Rojas' signature.svg | 100px]] | *Pedro de Rojas | ||||||
| Acting Governor-General* | *October | ||||||||
| 1593* | *December 3, | ||||||||
| 1593* | |||||||||
| 9 | [[File:Luis Pérez Dasmariñas' signature.svg | 100px]] | Luis Pérez Dasmariñas | ||||||
| (1567/1568–1603) | December 3, | ||||||||
| 1593 | July 14, | ||||||||
| 1596 | |||||||||
| Gaspar de Zúñiga | |||||||||
| 5th Count of Monterrey | |||||||||
| (1595–1603) | |||||||||
| Duke of Lerma (1598–1618) | Philip III | ||||||||
| (1598–1621) | |||||||||
| 10 | [[File:Francisco de Tello de Guzmán's signature.svg | 100px]] | Francisco de Tello de Guzmán | ||||||
| (1532–1603) | July 14, | ||||||||
| 1596 | May | ||||||||
| 1602 | |||||||||
| 11 | [[File:Pedro de Acuña.jpg | 100px]] | Pedro Bravo de Acuña | ||||||
| (died 1606) | May | ||||||||
| 1602 | June 24, | ||||||||
| 1606 | |||||||||
| Juan de Mendoza y Luna | |||||||||
| 3rd Marquess of Montesclaros | |||||||||
| (1603–1607) | |||||||||
| *12* | [[File:Cristóbal Téllez Almazán's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Cristóbal Téllez Almazán | ||||||
| Real Audiencia | |||||||||
| (died 1612)* | *June 24, | ||||||||
| 1606* | *June 15, | ||||||||
| 1608* | |||||||||
| Luis de Velasco | |||||||||
| 1st Marquess of Salinas | |||||||||
| (1607–1611) | |||||||||
| *13* | [[File:Rodrigo de Vivero, 1st Count of Valle de Orizaba's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Rodrigo de Vivero** | ||||||
| Acting Governor-General | |||||||||
| (1564–1636)* | *June 15, | ||||||||
| 1608* | *April | ||||||||
| 1609* | |||||||||
| 14 | [[File:Juan de Silva's signature.svg | 100px]] | Juan de Silva | ||||||
| (died 1616) | April | ||||||||
| 1609 | April 19, | ||||||||
| 1616 | |||||||||
| *García Guerra | |||||||||
| Archbishop of Mexico | |||||||||
| (1611–1612)* | |||||||||
| *Pedro Otárola | |||||||||
| Dean of the Audiencia | |||||||||
| (1612)* | |||||||||
| Diego Fernández de Córdoba | |||||||||
| 1st Marquess of Guadalcázar | |||||||||
| (1612–1621) | |||||||||
| *15* | [[File:Andrés de Alcaraz's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Andrés de Alcaraz | ||||||
| Real Audiencia* | *April 19, | ||||||||
| 1616* | *July 3, | ||||||||
| 1618* | |||||||||
| 16 | [[File:Alonso Fajardo de Tenza's signature.svg | 100px]] | Alonso Fajardo de Tenza | ||||||
| (died 1624) | July 3, | ||||||||
| 1618 | July | ||||||||
| 1624 | |||||||||
| Cristóbal Gómez de Sandoval (1618–1621) | |||||||||
| *Paz de Valecillo | |||||||||
| Dean of the Audiencia | |||||||||
| (1621)* | |||||||||
| Philip IV | |||||||||
| (1621–1665) | |||||||||
| Baltasar de Zúñiga (1621–1622) | |||||||||
| Diego Carrillo de Mendoza | |||||||||
| 1st Marquess of Gélves | |||||||||
| (1621–1624) | |||||||||
| Count-Duke of Olivares (1622–1644) | |||||||||
| *17* | [[File:Jerónimo de Silva's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Jeronimo de Silva | ||||||
| Real Audiencia* | *July | ||||||||
| 1624* | *June | ||||||||
| 1625* | |||||||||
| Rodrigo Pacheco | |||||||||
| 3rd Marquess of Cerralvo | |||||||||
| (1624–1635) | |||||||||
| *18* | [[File:Fernando de Silva's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Fernándo de Silva | ||||||
| Acting Governor-General* | *June | ||||||||
| 1625* | *June 29, | ||||||||
| 1626* | |||||||||
| 19 | [[File:Juan Niño de Tabora's signature.svg | 100px]] | Juan Niño de Tabora | ||||||
| (died 1632) | June 29, | ||||||||
| 1626 | July 22, | ||||||||
| 1632 | |||||||||
| *20* | [[File:Lorenzo de Olaso's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Lorenzo de Olaso | ||||||
| Real Audiencia* | *July 22, | ||||||||
| 1632* | 1633 | ||||||||
| *21* | *[[File:Juan Cerezo de Salamanca's signature.svg | 100px]]* | *Juan Cerezo de Salamanca | ||||||
| Acting Governor-General* | *August 29, | ||||||||
| 1633* | *June 25, | ||||||||
| 1635* | |||||||||
| 22 | [[File:Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera.jpg | 100px]] | Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera | ||||||
| (1587–1660) | June 25, | ||||||||
| 1635 | August 11, | ||||||||
| 1644 | |||||||||
| Lope Díez de Armendáriz | |||||||||
| 1st Marquess of Cadreita | |||||||||
| (1635–1640) | |||||||||
| Diego López Pacheco | |||||||||
| 7th Duke of Escalona | |||||||||
| (1640–1642) | |||||||||
| *Juan de Palafox y Mendoza | |||||||||
| Bishop of Puebla | |||||||||
| (1642)* | |||||||||
| García Sarmiento de Sotomayor | |||||||||
| 2nd Count of Salvatierra | |||||||||
| (1642–1648) | |||||||||
| Luis de Haro (1644–1661) | |||||||||
| 23 | [[File:Diego Fajardo Chacón's signature.svg | 100px]] | Diego Fajardo Chacón | August 11, | |||||
| 1644 | July 25, | ||||||||
| 1653 | |||||||||
| *Marcos de Torres y Rueda | |||||||||
| Bishop of Yucatan | |||||||||
| (1648–1649)* | |||||||||
| *Matías de Peralta | |||||||||
| Dean of the Audiencia | |||||||||
| (1649–1650)* | |||||||||
| Luis Enríquez de Guzmán | |||||||||
| 9th Count of Alba de Liste | |||||||||
| (1650–1653) | |||||||||
| 24 | [[File:Sabiniano Manrique de Lara's signature.svg | 100px]] | Sabiniano Manrique de Lara | ||||||
| (1606–1679) | July 25, | ||||||||
| 1653 | September 8, | ||||||||
| 1663 | |||||||||
| Francisco Fernández de la Cueva | |||||||||
| 8th Duke of Alburquerque | |||||||||
| (1653–1660) | |||||||||
| Juan Francisco Leiva y de la Cerda | |||||||||
| 5th Marquess of Adrada | |||||||||
| (1660–1664) | |||||||||
| No valido (1661–1665) | |||||||||
| 25 | [[File:Diego Salcedo's signature.svg | 100px]] | Diego de Salcedo | September 8, | |||||
| 1663 | September 28, | ||||||||
| 1668 | |||||||||
| *Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas | |||||||||
| Bishop of Puebla | |||||||||
| (1664)* | |||||||||
| Antonio Sebastián Álvarez de Toledo | |||||||||
| 2nd Marquess of Mancera | |||||||||
| (1664–1673) | |||||||||
| Juan Everardo Nithard (1665–1669) | Mariana of Austria (1665–1675) | Charles II | |||||||
| (1665–1700) | |||||||||
| *26* | [[File:Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz | ||||||
| Acting Governor-General | |||||||||
| (died 1669)* | *September 28, | ||||||||
| 1668* | *September 24, | ||||||||
| 1669* | |||||||||
| Fernando de Valenzuela (1666–1677) | |||||||||
| 27 | [[File:Manuel de León y Saravia's signature.svg | 100px]] | Manuel de León | September 24, | |||||
| 1669 | September 21, | ||||||||
| 1677 | |||||||||
| *Payo Enríquez de Rivera | |||||||||
| Bishop of Puebla and Archbishop of Mexico | |||||||||
| (1673–1680)* | |||||||||
| No regency | |||||||||
| John Joseph of Austria (1677–1679) | |||||||||
| 28 | [[File:Francisco Coloma y Maceda's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Francisco Coloma y Maceda | ||||||
| Real Audiencia | |||||||||
| (1617–1677)* | *April 11, | ||||||||
| 1677* | *September 25, | ||||||||
| 1677* | |||||||||
| *29* | [[File:Francisco de Montemayor y Mansilla's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Francisco de Montemayor y Mansilla | ||||||
| Real Audiencia* | *September 21, | ||||||||
| 1677* | *September 28, | ||||||||
| 1678* | |||||||||
| 30 | [[File:Juan de Vargas Hurtado's signature.svg | 100px]] | Juan de Vargas Hurtado | September 28, | |||||
| 1678 | August 24, | ||||||||
| 1684 | |||||||||
| Duke of Medinaceli (1679–1685) | |||||||||
| Tomás de la Cerda | |||||||||
| 3rd Marquess of la Laguna de Camero Viejo | |||||||||
| (1680–1686) | |||||||||
| 31 | [[File:Gabriel de Curucelaegui y Arriola's signature.svg | 100px]] | Gabriel de Curucealegui y Arriola | August 24, | |||||
| 1684 | April | ||||||||
| 1689 | |||||||||
| Count of Oropesa (1685–1691) | |||||||||
| Melchor Portocarrero | |||||||||
| 3rd Count of Monclova | |||||||||
| (1686–1688) | |||||||||
| Gaspar de la Cerda | |||||||||
| 8th Count of Galve | |||||||||
| (1688–1696) | |||||||||
| *32* | [[File:Alonso de Abella Fuertes' signature.svg | 100px]] | *Alonso de Abella Fuertes | ||||||
| Real Audiencia* | *April | ||||||||
| 1689* | *July | ||||||||
| 1690* | |||||||||
| 33 | [[File:Fausto Cruzat y Góngora's signature.svg | 100px]] | Fausto Cruzat y Góngora | ||||||
| (died 1702) | July 25, | ||||||||
| 1690 | December 8, | ||||||||
| 1701 | |||||||||
| Cardinal Portocarrero (1685–1691) | |||||||||
| *Juan Ortega y Montañés | |||||||||
| Bishop of Durango, Bishop of Guatemala, Bishop of Michoacán and Archbishop of Mexico | |||||||||
| (1696)* | |||||||||
| José Sarmiento de Valladares | |||||||||
| 1st Duke of Atrisco | |||||||||
| (1696–1701) | |||||||||
| Count of Oropesa (1691–1698) | |||||||||
| Cardinal Portocarrero (1698–1700) | |||||||||
| Cardinal Portocarrero (1700) | |||||||||
| Government Board of the Realms (1700–1701) | Vacant | ||||||||
| Antonio de Ubilla (1700–1704) | Philip V | ||||||||
| (1700–1724) | |||||||||
| No regency | |||||||||
| Cardinal Portocarrero (1701–1703) | |||||||||
| 34 | [[File:Domingo de Zabálburu's signature.svg | 100px]] | Domingo Zabálburu de Echevarri | December 8, | |||||
| 1701 | August 25, | ||||||||
| 1709 | *Juan Ortega y Montañés | ||||||||
| Archbishop of Mexico | |||||||||
| (1701–1702)* | |||||||||
| Francisco Fernández de la Cueva | |||||||||
| 1st Duke of Alburquerque | |||||||||
| (1702–1710) | |||||||||
| No regency | |||||||||
| Marquis of Mejorada del Campo (1704–1714) | |||||||||
| 35 | [[File:Martín de Ursúa's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Martín de Ursúa' y Arismendi* | ||||||
| 1st Count of Lizárraga | |||||||||
| (1653–1715) | August 25, | ||||||||
| 1709 | February 4, | ||||||||
| 1715 | |||||||||
| Fernando de Alencastre | |||||||||
| 1st Duke of Linares | |||||||||
| (1710–1716) | |||||||||
| Manuel Vadillo y Velasco (1714) | |||||||||
| José de Grimaldo (1714–1724) | |||||||||
| Bernardo Tinajero de la Escalera (1714–1715) | |||||||||
| *36* | [[File:José-de-Torralba s-signature-2.svg | 100px]] | *José Torralba | ||||||
| Real Audiencia | |||||||||
| (1653–1726)* | *February 4, | ||||||||
| 1715* | *August 9, | ||||||||
| 1717* | |||||||||
| No secretary (1715–1720) | |||||||||
| Baltasar de Zúñiga | |||||||||
| 1st Duke of Arión | |||||||||
| (1716–1722) | |||||||||
| 37 | [[File:Governor General Fernando Bustamante.JPG | 100px]] | Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda | ||||||
| (died 1719) | August 9, | ||||||||
| 1717 | October 11, | ||||||||
| 1719 | |||||||||
| *38* | [[File:Francisco de la Cuesta.jpg | 100px]] | *Francisco de la Cuesta | ||||||
| Archbishop of Manila | |||||||||
| Acting Governor-General | |||||||||
| (1661–1724)* | *October 11, | ||||||||
| 1719* | *August 6, | ||||||||
| 1721* | |||||||||
| Miguel Fernández Durán (1720–1721) | |||||||||
| Andres Matías de Pes Marzaraga (1721–1723) | |||||||||
| 39 | [[File:Toribio de Cossío's signature.svg | 100px]] | Toribio de Cossío | August 6, | |||||
| 1721 | August 14, | ||||||||
| 1729 | |||||||||
| Juan de Acuña | |||||||||
| 1st Marquess of Casa Fuerte | |||||||||
| (1722–1734) | |||||||||
| No secretary (1723–1724) | |||||||||
| Antonio de Sopeña y Mioño (1724–1726) | |||||||||
| Juan Bautista de Orendáin (1724) | |||||||||
| Louis I | |||||||||
| (1724) | |||||||||
| Philip V | |||||||||
| (1724–1746) | |||||||||
| José de Grimaldo (1724–1725) | |||||||||
| Baron Ripperda (1725–1726) | |||||||||
| José de Grimaldo (1726) | |||||||||
| José de Patiño y Rosales (1726–1736) | |||||||||
| Juan Bautista de Orendáin(1726–1734) | |||||||||
| 40 | [[File:Fernando Valdés Tamón's signature.svg | 100px]] | Fernándo Valdés Tamón | August 14, | |||||
| 1729 | July | ||||||||
| 1739 | *Juan Antonio de Vizarrón y Eguiarreta | ||||||||
| Archbishop of Mexico | |||||||||
| (1734–1740)* | |||||||||
| José de Patiño y Rosales (1734–1736) | |||||||||
| Marquis of Villarías (1736–1746) | |||||||||
| Mateo Pablo Díaz de Lavandero (1736–1739) | |||||||||
| 41 | [[File:Gaspar de la Torre.jpg | 100px]] | Gaspar de la Torre y Ayala | ||||||
| (died 1745) | July | ||||||||
| 1739 | September 21, | ||||||||
| 1745 | |||||||||
| Marquis of Villarías (1739–1743) | |||||||||
| Pedro de Castro | |||||||||
| 1st Duke of la Conquista | |||||||||
| (1740–1741) | |||||||||
| *Pedro Malo de Villavicencio | |||||||||
| President of the Audiencia | |||||||||
| (1741–1742)* | |||||||||
| Pedro Cebrián | |||||||||
| 5th Count of Fuenclara | |||||||||
| (1742–1746) | |||||||||
| *42* | [[File:Juan de Arechederra's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Juan de Arechederra | ||||||
| Bishop-elect of Nueva Segovia | |||||||||
| Acting Governor-General | |||||||||
| (1681–1751)* | *September 21, | ||||||||
| 1745* | *July 20, | ||||||||
| 1750* | |||||||||
| Marquess of Ensenada (1743–1754) | |||||||||
| Juan Francisco de Güemes y Horcasitas | |||||||||
| 1st Count of Revillagigedo | |||||||||
| (1746–1755) | Ferdinand VI | ||||||||
| (1746–1759) | |||||||||
| José de Carvajal (1746–1754) | |||||||||
| 43 | [[File:Francisco José de Ovando's signature.svg | 100px]] | Francisco José de Ovando | ||||||
| 1st Marquess of Brindisi | |||||||||
| (1693–1755) | July 20, | ||||||||
| 1750 | July 26, | ||||||||
| 1754 | |||||||||
| *Duke of Huéscar (1754) | |||||||||
| Interim* | |||||||||
| Ricardo Wall (1754–1763) | |||||||||
| *Ricardo Wall (1754) | |||||||||
| Interim* | |||||||||
| Julián de Arriaga y Ribera (1754–1776) | |||||||||
| 44 | [[File:Pedro Manuel de Arandía's signature.svg | 100px]] | Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban | ||||||
| (1699–1759) | July 26, | ||||||||
| 1754 | May 31, | ||||||||
| 1759 | |||||||||
| Agustín de Ahumada | |||||||||
| 2nd Marquess of Amarillas | |||||||||
| (1755–1760) | |||||||||
| *45* | [[File:Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta | ||||||
| Bishop of Cebu | |||||||||
| Acting Governor-General | |||||||||
| (1701–1771)* | *June | ||||||||
| 1759* | *May 31, | ||||||||
| 1761* | |||||||||
| Elisabeth Farnese (1759) | Charles III | ||||||||
| (1759–1788) | |||||||||
| No regency | |||||||||
| *Francisco Antonio de Echávarri | |||||||||
| Dean of the Audiencia | |||||||||
| (1760)* | |||||||||
| Francisco Cajigal de la Vega | |||||||||
| (1760) | |||||||||
| Joaquín de Montserrat | |||||||||
| 1st Marquess of Cruillas | |||||||||
| (1760–1766) | |||||||||
| *46* | [[File:Manuel Antonio Rojo del Rio Vera.jpg | 100px]] | *Manuel Rojo del Río y Vieyra | ||||||
| Archbishop of Manila | |||||||||
| Acting Governor-General | |||||||||
| (1708–1764)* | *July | ||||||||
| 1761* | *October 6, | ||||||||
| 1762* |
British occupation of Manila (1762–1764)
Main article: British occupation of Manila
After the Spanish defeat at the Battle of Manila in 1762, the Philippines was briefly governed simultaneously by two Governors-General, one of the Spanish Empire and one of the British Empire.
Great Britain shortly occupied Manila and the naval port of Cavite as part of the Seven Years' War, while the Spanish Governor-General set up a provisional government in Bacolor, Pampanga to continue administering the rest of the archipelago.
British governor-general
| No. | Portrait | Name | Tenure start | Tenure end | Secretary of State for the Southern Department | Prime Minister | Monarch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 46a | [[File:Coat of arms of Great Britain (1714–1801).svg | 100px]] | Dawsonne Drake | ||||
| (1724–1784) | November 2, | ||||||
| 1762 | May 31, | ||||||
| 1764 | The Earl of Egremont | The Earl of Bute | George III | ||||
| (1760–1820) | |||||||
| George Grenville | |||||||
| The Earl of Halifax |
Spanish governor-general
| No. | Portrait | Name | Tenure start | Tenure end | Secretary of State for Indies | Viceroy of New Spain | First Secretary of State | Monarch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 47 | [[File:Simón de Anda y Salazar.jpg | 100px]] | Simón de Anda y Salazar | |||||
| (1709–1776) | October 6, | |||||||
| 1762 | February 10, | |||||||
| 1764 | Julián Arriaga y Ribera (1754–1776) | Joaquín de Montserrat | ||||||
| 1st Marquess of Cruillas | ||||||||
| (1760–1766) | Ricardo Wall (1754–1763) | Charles III | ||||||
| (1759–1788) | ||||||||
| Jerónimo Grimaldi (1763–1777) |
Under New Spain (1764–1821)
After the British returned Manila to the Spanish in 1764, the Spanish Governor-General Francisco Javier de la Torre resumed administration of the Philippines under the authority of the Viceroy of New Spain in modern-day Mexico (New Spain) as part of the Spanish Empire.
The Philippines, along with the rest of the Spanish Empire, became part of the First French Empire in 1808 after Napoleon overthrew Ferdinand VII and installed Joseph Bonaparte as king until his abdication in 1813, as part of a disastrous consequence of Napoleon's 1812 Russian campaign, the Peninsular Wars, particularly the Battle of Vitoria, and of forming the Sixth Coalition.
| No. | Portrait | Name | Tenure start | Tenure end | Secretary of the Indies | Viceroy of New Spain | First Secretary of State | Monarch |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *48* | [[File:Francisco Javier de la Torre's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Francisco Javier de la Torre | |||||
| Acting Governor-General* | *March 17, | |||||||
| 1764* | *July 6, | |||||||
| 1765* | Julián Arriaga y Ribera (1754–1776) | Joaquín de Montserrat | ||||||
| 1st Marquess of Cruillas | ||||||||
| (1760–1766) | Jerónimo Grimaldi (1763–1777) | Charles III | ||||||
| (1759–1788) | ||||||||
| 49 | [[File:José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez's signature.svg | 100px]] | José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez | |||||
| (1700–1773) | July 6, | |||||||
| 1765 | July | |||||||
| 1770 | ||||||||
| Carlos Francisco de Croix | ||||||||
| 1st Marquess of Croix | ||||||||
| (1766–1771) | ||||||||
| (47) | [[File:Simón de Anda y Salazar.jpg | 100px]] | Simón de Anda y Salazar | |||||
| (1709–1776) | July | |||||||
| 1770 | October 30, | |||||||
| 1776 | ||||||||
| Antonio María de Bucareli | ||||||||
| (1771–1779) | ||||||||
| Marquess of Sonora (1776–1787) | ||||||||
| *50* | [[File:Pedro Sarrió's signature.svg | 100px]] | *Pedro Sarrió | |||||
| Acting Governor-General* | *October 30, | |||||||
| 1776* | *July | |||||||
| 1778* | ||||||||
| Count of Floridablanca (1777–1792) | ||||||||
| 51 | [[File:José Basco y Vargas.jpg | 100px]] | José Basco y Vargas | |||||
| (1733–1805) | July | |||||||
| 1778 | September 22, | |||||||
| 1787 | ||||||||
| *Francisco Romá y Rosell | ||||||||
| Regent of the Audiencia | ||||||||
| (1779)* | ||||||||
| Martín de Mayorga | ||||||||
| Captain General of Guatemala | ||||||||
| (1779–1783) | ||||||||
| Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo | ||||||||
| Captain General of Guatemala | ||||||||
| (1783–1784) | ||||||||
| *Vicente de Herrera y Rivero | ||||||||
| Regent of the Audiencia | ||||||||
| (1784–1785)* | ||||||||
| Bernardo de Gálvez | ||||||||
| 1st Count of Gálvez | ||||||||
| (1785–1786) | ||||||||
| *Eusebio Sánchez Pareja | ||||||||
| Regent of the Audiencia | ||||||||
| (1786–1787)* | ||||||||
| *Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta | ||||||||
| Archbishop of Mexico | ||||||||
| (1787)* | ||||||||
| '*Count of Floridablanca''''' (1787) | ||||||||
| Interim* | ||||||||
| Manuel Antonio Flórez | ||||||||
| (1787–1789) | ||||||||
| Antonio Porlier | ||||||||
| *(50)* | *[[File:Pedro Sarrió's signature.svg | 100px]]* | *Pedro Sarrió | |||||
| Acting Governor-General* | *September 22, | |||||||
| 1787* | *July 1, | |||||||
| 1788* | ||||||||
| 51 | [[File:Felix Berenguer.jpg | 100px]] | Félix Berenguer de Marquina | |||||
| (1733–1826) | July 1, | |||||||
| 1788 | September 1, | |||||||
| 1793 | ||||||||
| Charles IV | ||||||||
| (1788–1808) | ||||||||
| Juan Vicente de Güemes | ||||||||
| 2nd Count of Revillagigedo | ||||||||
| (1789–1794) | ||||||||
| No secretary (affairs of Indies distributed among different secretariats) | Count of Aranda *(1792) | |||||||
| Interim* | ||||||||
| Manuel Godoy (1792–1798) | ||||||||
| 52 | [[File:Rafael-Mar-a-de-Aguilar-s-signature.svg | 100px]] | Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León | |||||
| (1737–1806) | September 1, | |||||||
| 1793 | August 7, | |||||||
| 1806 | ||||||||
| Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca | ||||||||
| 1st Marquess of Branciforte | ||||||||
| (1794–1798) | ||||||||
| Francisco de Saavedra (1798–1799) | ||||||||
| Miguel José de Azanza | ||||||||
| 1st Duke of Santa Fe | ||||||||
| (1798–1800) | ||||||||
| Mariano Luis de Urquijo (1799–1800) | ||||||||
| Félix Berenguer de Marquina | ||||||||
| (1800–1803) | ||||||||
| Pedro Cevallos Guerra (1800–1808) | ||||||||
| José de Iturrigaray | ||||||||
| (1803–1808) | ||||||||
| *53* | [[File:Mariano Fernández de Folgueras' signature.svg | 100px]] | *Mariano Fernández de Folgueras | |||||
| Acting Governor-General | ||||||||
| (1766–1823)* | *August 7, | |||||||
| 1806* | *March 4, | |||||||
| 1810* | ||||||||
| Gonzalo O'Farril (1808) | ||||||||
| Pedro Cevallos Guerra (1808) | Ferdinand VII | |||||||
| (1808) | ||||||||
| Miguel José de Azanza | ||||||||
| 1st Duke of Santa Fe | ||||||||
| (1808–1813) | Mariano Luis de Urquijo (1808–1813) | Joseph Bonaparte | ||||||
| (1808–1813) | ||||||||
| (1808–1809)}} | ||||||||
| *Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont | ||||||||
| Archbishop of Mexico | ||||||||
| (1809–1810)* | ||||||||
| 54 | [[File:Manuel González de Aguilar's signature.svg | 100px]] | Manuel González de Aguilar | March 4, | ||||
| 1810 | September 4, | |||||||
| 1813 | ||||||||
| Pedro Catani | ||||||||
| (1810) | ||||||||
| Francisco Javier Venegas | ||||||||
| 1st Marquess of Reunión and New Spain | ||||||||
| (1810–1813) | ||||||||
| Félix María Calleja del Rey | ||||||||
| 1st Count of Calderón | ||||||||
| (1813–1816) | ||||||||
| No secretary | *Juan O'Donojú (Interim | |||||||
| 1813)* | ||||||||
| 55 | [[File:Retrato de José Mendoza y Ríos (1763-1816), capitán de navío de la Real Armada - Anónimo.jpg | 100px]] | José de Gardoqui y Jarabeitia | September 4, | ||||
| 1813 | December 10, | |||||||
| 1816 | ||||||||
| *Fernando de Laserna (1813) | ||||||||
| Interim* | ||||||||
| Manuel Antonio de la Bodega y Mollinedo (1813–1814) | José Luyando *(1813–1814) | |||||||
| Interim* | Ferdinand VII | |||||||
| (1813–1833) | ||||||||
| Miguel de Lardizabal (1814–1815)**** | José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas (1814) | |||||||
| Pedro Cevallos Guerra (1814–1816) | ||||||||
| No secretary | Jaun Estebán Lozano de Torres (1816) | |||||||
| Pedro Cevallos Guerra (1816) | ||||||||
| Juan Ruiz de Apodaca | ||||||||
| 1st Count of Venadito | ||||||||
| (1816–1821) | ||||||||
| José García de León (1816–1818) | ||||||||
| *(53)* | [[File:Mariano Fernández de Folgueras' signature.svg | 100px]] | *Mariano Fernández de Folgueras | |||||
| Acting Governor-General | ||||||||
| (1766–1823)* | *December 10, | |||||||
| 1816* | *September 15, | |||||||
| 1821* | ||||||||
| *Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 1st Marquis of Casa Irujo (1818–1819) | ||||||||
| Interim* | ||||||||
| *Manuel González Salmón (1819) | ||||||||
| Interim* | ||||||||
| Joaquín José Melgarejo (1819–1820) | ||||||||
| *Antonio González Salmón (1820) | ||||||||
| Interim* | ||||||||
| Juan Jabat Aztal (1820) | ||||||||
| Antonio Porcel Román (1820) | ||||||||
| Evaristo Pérez de Castro (1820–1821) | ||||||||
| Ramón Gil de la Cuadra (1820–1821) | ||||||||
| *Antonio de Guilleman (1821) | ||||||||
| Interim* | *Joaquín Anduaga Cuenca (1821) | |||||||
| Interim* | ||||||||
| *Francisco de Paula Escudero (1821) | ||||||||
| Interim* | ||||||||
| Ramón Olaguer Feliú (1821) | ||||||||
| Eusebio Bardají y Azara (1821–1822) | ||||||||
| Ramón López Pelegrín (1821–1822) | ||||||||
| Francisco Novella Azabal Pérez y Sicardo | ||||||||
| (1821) | ||||||||
| Juan O'Donojú | ||||||||
| (1821) |
Direct Spanish control (1821–1899)
After the 1821 Mexican War of Independence, Mexico became independent and was no longer part of the Spanish Empire. The Viceroyalty of New Spain ceased to exist. The Philippines, as a result, was directly governed from Madrid, under the Spanish Crown.
| No. | Portrait | Name | Tenure start | Tenure end | Minister of Overseas | First Secretary of State | Regent | Monarch | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *(53)* | [[File:Mariano_Fernández_de_Folgueras'_signature.svg | 150x150px]] | *Mariano Fernández de Folgueras* | September 16, | October 30, | Ramón López-Pelegrín (1821–1822) | Eusebio Bardají y Azara (1821–1822) | No regency | Ferdinand VII |
| *Ramón López-Pelegrín (1822) | |||||||||
| Interim***** | |||||||||
| *José Gabriel de Silva-Bazán (1822) | |||||||||
| Interim* | |||||||||
| *Ramón López-Pelegrín (1822) | |||||||||
| Interim* | |||||||||
| Manuel de la Bodega Mollinedo (1822) | Francisco Martínez de la Rosa (1822) | ||||||||
| Diego Clemencín (1822) | |||||||||
| José Manuel de Vadillo (1822–1823) | Evaristo Fernández de San Miguel (1822–1823) | ||||||||
| 54 | [[File:Juan_Antonio_Martínez.jpg | 134x134px]] | Juan Antonio Martínez | October 30, | October 14, | *José Manuel de Vadillo (1823) | |||
| Interim* | |||||||||
| Pedro Urquinaona (1823) | *Santiago Usoz y Mozi (1823) | ||||||||
| Interim* | |||||||||
| José María Pando de la Riva (1823) | |||||||||
| *Francisco de Paula Ossorio y Vargas (1823) Interim* | |||||||||
| *Luis María de Salazar y Salazar (1823) | |||||||||
| Interim* | |||||||||
| *Juan Antonio Yandiola Garay (1823) | |||||||||
| Interim* | |||||||||
| José Luyando (1823) | |||||||||
| Víctor Damián Sáez (1823) | |||||||||
| *No minister* | |||||||||
| *Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 1st Marquis of Casa Irujo* (1823) | |||||||||
| Narciso Heredia (1823–1824) | |||||||||
| Francisco Cea Bermúdez (1824–1825) | |||||||||
| 55 | [[File:Mariano_Ricafort_Palacín_y_Abarca's_signature.svg | 150x150px]] | Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca | October 14, | December 23, | ||||
| Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo (1825–1826) | |||||||||
| Manuel González Salmón (1826–1832) | |||||||||
| 56 | [[File:Jose_Maria_Penarada_DamianDomingo_1832.png | 134x134px]] | Pasqual Enrile y Alcedo | December 23, | March 1, | ||||
| *Antonio de Saavedra y Jofré (1832) | |||||||||
| Interim* | |||||||||
| Francisco Cea Bermúdez (1832–1834) | |||||||||
| Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies(1833–1840) | Isabella II | ||||||||
| Francisco Martínez de la Rosa (1834–1835) | |||||||||
| 57 | [[File:Gabriel_de_Torres'_signature.svg | 150x150px]] | Gabriel de Torres | March 1, | April 23, | ||||
| *58* | [[File:Lesser_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain_(1700-1868_and_1834-1930)_Pillars_of_Hercules_Variant.svg | 106x106px]] | *Joaquín de Crame* | April 23, | September 9, | José María Quiepo de Llano (1835) | |||
| *59* | [[File:Retrato al óleo del Excmo. Sr. D. Pedro Antonio Salazar y Salazar.png | 188x188px]] | *Pedro Antonio Salazar y Salazar* | September 9, | August 27, | ||||
| Miguel Ricardo de Álava (1835)**** | |||||||||
| Juan Álvarez Mendizábal *(1835–1836) | |||||||||
| Interim* | |||||||||
| Francisco Javier de Istúriz (1836) | |||||||||
| José María Calatrava (1836–1837) | |||||||||
| *Depending on the Minister of the Navy* | |||||||||
| 60 | [[File:GarcíaCamba.jpg | 125x125px]] | Andrés García Camba | August 27, | December 29, | Baldomero Espartero (1837) | |||
| Eusebio Bardají y Azara (1837) | |||||||||
| Narciso Heredia (1837–1838) | |||||||||
| Bernardino Fernández de Velasco (1838) | |||||||||
| Evaristo Pérez de Castro (1838–1840) | |||||||||
| 61 | [[File:Luis_Lardizábal's_signature.svg | 150x150px]] | Luis Lardizábal | December 29, | February 14, | ||||
| Antonio González (1840) | |||||||||
| Valentín Ferraz (1840) | |||||||||
| *Modesto Cortázar (1840) | |||||||||
| Interim* | |||||||||
| Baldomero Espartero (1840–1841) | |||||||||
| Baldomero Espartero (1840–1843) | |||||||||
| 62 | [[File:Oraa-Calbo_(cropped).jpg | 180x180px]] | Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri | February 14, | June 17, | ||||
| Joaquín María Ferrer (1841) | |||||||||
| Antonio González (1841–1842) | |||||||||
| José Ramón Rodil (1842–1843) | |||||||||
| Joaquín María López (1843) | |||||||||
| Álvaro Gómez Becerra (1843) | |||||||||
| 63 | [[File:Francisco_de_Paula_Alcalá_de_la_Torre's_signature.svg | 150x150px]] | Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre | June 17, | July 16, | ||||
| Joaquín María López (1843) | |||||||||
| Salustiano Olózaga (1843) | No regency | ||||||||
| Luis González Bravo (1843–1844) | |||||||||
| Ramón María Narváez (1844–1846) | |||||||||
| 64 | [[File:El_teniente_general_Narciso_Clavería_y_Zaldúa,_conde_de_Manila_(Museo_del_Prado).jpg | 142x142px]] | Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa | July 16, | December 26, | ||||
| Manuel Pando, 6th Marquess of Miraflores (1846) | |||||||||
| Ramón María Narváez (1846) | |||||||||
| Francisco Javier de Istúriz (1846–1847) | |||||||||
| Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 2nd Marquis of Casa Irujo (1847) | |||||||||
| *No minister* | |||||||||
| Joaquín Francisco Pacheco (1847) | |||||||||
| Florencio García Goyena (1847) | |||||||||
| Ramón María Narváez (1847–1849) | |||||||||
| Serafín María de Sotto (1849) | |||||||||
| Ramón María Narváez (1849–1851) | |||||||||
| *65* | [[File:Antonio_María_Blanco's_signature.svg | 150x150px]] | *Antonio María Blanco* | December 26, | July 29, | ||||
| 66 | [[File:Juan_Antonio_de_Urbiztondo,_marqués_de_la_Solana.jpg | 152x152px]] | Juan Antonio de Urbiztondo, Marquis of La Solana | July 29, | December 20, | ||||
| Juan Bravo Murillo (1851–1852) | |||||||||
| Federico Roncali, Count of Alcoy (1852–1853) | |||||||||
| Francisco Lersundi (1853) | |||||||||
| Luis José Sartorius, Count of San Luis (1853–1854) | |||||||||
| *67* | [[File:Ramón_Montero_y_Blandino_(Museo_del_Prado).jpg | 136x136px]] | *Ramón Montero y Blandino* | December 20, | February 2, | ||||
| 68 | [[File:Manuel_Pavía_y_Lacy,_1st_Marquis_of_Novaliches.jpg | 137x137px]] | Manuel Pavía y Lacy | February 2, | October 28, | ||||
| *Depending on the Minister of State* | Fernando Fernández de Córdoba (1854) | ||||||||
| Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas (1854) | |||||||||
| Baldomero Espartero (1854–1856) | |||||||||
| *(67)* | *[[File:Ramón_Montero_y_Blandino_(Museo_del_Prado).jpg | 136x136px]]* | *Ramón Montero y Blandino* | October 28, | November 20, | ||||
| 69 | [[File:1852,_Estado_Mayor_General_del_Ejército_Español,_Manuel_Crespo_Cebrián_(cropped).jpg | 144x144px]] | Manuel Crespo y Cebrían | November 20, | December 5, | ||||
| *No minister* | |||||||||
| *Depending on the Minister of Development* | |||||||||
| *Depending on the Minister of State* | Leopoldo O'Donnell (1856) | ||||||||
| Ramón María Narváez (1856–1857) | |||||||||
| *(67)* | *[[File:Ramón_Montero_y_Blandino_(Museo_del_Prado).jpg | 136x136px]]* | *Ramón Montero y Blandino* | December 5, | March 9, | ||||
| 70 | [[File:Teniente_coronel_Fernando_Norzagaray.png | 128x128px]] | Fernando de Norzagaray y Escudero | March 9, | January 12, | ||||
| Francisco Armero (1857–1858) | |||||||||
| Francisco Javier de Istúriz (1858) | |||||||||
| Leopoldo O'Donnell (1858–1863) | |||||||||
| 71 | [[File:Ramón_María_Solano_y_Llanderal.jpg | 128x128px]] | Ramón María Solano y Llanderal | January 12, | August 29, | ||||
| *72* | [[File:Juan_Herrera_Dávila_y_Alvear's_signature.svg | 150x150px]] | *Juan Herrera Dávila* | August 29, | February 2, | ||||
| 73 | [[File:José_Lemery_e_Ibarrola_Ney_y_González_(Museo_del_Prado).jpg | 103x103px]] | José Lémery e Ibarrola | February 2, | July 7, | ||||
| *74* | [[File:Salvador_Valdés'_signature.svg | 150x150px]] | *Salvador Valdés* | July 7, | July 9, | ||||
| 75 | [[File:CARTE_DE_VISITE_DEL_GENERAL_ECHAGÜE_(COLECCIÓN_ROMERO_ORTIZ).jpg | 141x141px]] | Rafaél de Echagüe y Bermingham | July 9, | March 24, | ||||
| Manuel Pando, 6th Marquess of Miraflores (1863) | Manuel Pando, 6th Marquess of Miraflores (1863–1864) | ||||||||
| *José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquess of Havana (1863) Interim* | |||||||||
| Francisco Permanyer Tuyets (1863) | |||||||||
| *José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquess of Havana (1863–1864) Interim* | |||||||||
| Alejandro de Castro y Casal (1864) | Lorenzo Arrazola (1864) | ||||||||
| Diego López Ballesteros (1864) | Alejandro Mon y Menéndez (1864) | ||||||||
| Manuel Seijas Lozano (1864–1865) | Ramón María Narváez (1864–1865) | ||||||||
| *76* | *[[File:Joaquín_del_Solar's_signature.svg | 150x150px]]* | *Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez* | March 24, | April 25, | ||||
| 77 | [[File:Bernardo_blanco-Retrato_de_Juan_de_Lara_Irigoyen.jpg | 184x184px]] | Juan de Lara e Irigoyen | April 25, | July 13, | ||||
| Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1865–1866) | Leopoldo O'Donnell (1865–1866) | ||||||||
| Alejandro de Castro Casal (1866–1867) | Ramón María Narváez (1866–1868) | ||||||||
| *78* | *[[File:José_Laureano_Sanz_y_Posse.jpg | 142x142px]]* | *José Laureano de Sanz y Posse* | July 13, | September 21, | ||||
| *79* | *[[File:Lesser_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain_(1700-1868_and_1834-1930)_Pillars_of_Hercules_Variant.svg | 106x106px]]* | *Antonio Osorio y Mallén* | September 21, | September 27, | ||||
| *(76)* | *[[File:Joaquín_del_Solar's_signature.svg | 150x150px]]* | *Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez* | September 27, | October 26, | ||||
| 80 | [[File:José_de_la_Gándara_y_Navarro.jpg | 132x132px]] | José de la Gándara y Navarro | October 26, | June 7, | ||||
| Carlos Marfori y Callejas (1867–1868) | |||||||||
| Luis González Bravo (1868) | |||||||||
| Tomás Rodríguez Rubí (1868) | |||||||||
| José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquess of Havana (1868) | |||||||||
| José Nacarino Bravo (1868) | |||||||||
| Adelardo López de Ayala (1868–1869) | Francisco Serrano | Francisco Serrano | |||||||
| *Juan Bautista Topete (1869) Interim* | |||||||||
| *(81)* | *[[File:Manuel_Álvarez_Maldonado_y_Loriga's_signature.svg | 150x150px]]* | *Manuel Maldonado* | June 7, | June 23, | Juan Prim (1869–1870) | |||
| 82 | [[File:Carlos_Maria_de_la_Torre.jpg | 125x125px]] | Carlos María de la Torre y Navacerrada | June 23, | April 4, | ||||
| Manuel Becerra y Bermúdez (1869–1870) | |||||||||
| Segismundo Moret (1870) | |||||||||
| Adelardo López de Ayala (1870–1871) | *Juan Bautista Topete (1870–1871) | ||||||||
| Interim* | |||||||||
| No regency | Amadeo I | ||||||||
| 83 | [[File:Retrato de Rafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez (cropped).jpg | 140x140px]] | Rafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez | April 4, | January 8, | Francisco Serrano | |||
| Tomás Mosquera (1871) | Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla (1871) | ||||||||
| Víctor Balaguer (1871) | José Malcampo (1871) | ||||||||
| Juan Bautista Topete (1871–1872) | Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1871–1872) | ||||||||
| Cristóbal Martín de Herrera (1872) | |||||||||
| Adelardo López de Ayala (1872) | Francisco Serrano | ||||||||
| Eduardo Gasset y Artime (1872) | Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla (1872–1873) | ||||||||
| Tomás Mosquera (1872–1873) | |||||||||
| *(84)* | *[[File:Manuel_Mac-Crohon's_signature.svg | 150x150px]]* | *Manuel MacCrohon* | January 8, | January 24, | ||||
| 85 | [[File:Capuz-general_alaminos.png | 118x118px]] | Juan Alaminos y Vivar | January 24, | March 17, | ||||
| Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso (1873) | Estanislao Figueras | ||||||||
| José Cristóbal Sorní y Grau (1873) | |||||||||
| Francesc Pi i Margall | |||||||||
| Francisco Suñer (1873) | |||||||||
| Eduardo Palanca (1873) | Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso | ||||||||
| Santiago Soler y Pla (1873–1874) | Emilio Castelar | ||||||||
| Víctor Balaguer (1874) | Francisco Serrano (1874) | No regency | Francisco Serrano | ||||||
| Antonio Romero Ortiz (1874) | Juan Zavala de la Puente (1874)**** | ||||||||
| *86* | *[[File:Manuel_Blanco_Valderrama's_signature.svg | 150x150px]]* | *Manuel Blanco Valderrama* | March 17, | June 18, | ||||
| 87 | [[File:José_Malcampo_(cropped).jpg | 149x149px]] | José Malcampo | June 18, | February 28, | ||||
| Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1874) | |||||||||
| Adelardo López de Ayala (1874–1877) | Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1874–1875) | Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1874–1875) | Alfonso XII | ||||||
| No regency | |||||||||
| Joaquín Jovellar (1875) | |||||||||
| Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1875–1879) | |||||||||
| Cristóbal Martín de Herrera (1877–1878) | |||||||||
| 88 | [[File:Domingo_Moriones_y_Murillo.jpg | 127x127px]] | Domingo Moriones y Murillo | February 28, | March 20, | ||||
| José Elduayen Gorriti (1878–1879) | |||||||||
| *Manuel Orovio Echagüe (1879) Interim* | Arsenio Martínez-Campos (1879) | ||||||||
| Salvador Albacete (1879) | |||||||||
| José Elduayen Gorriti (1879–1880) | Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1879–1881) | ||||||||
| Cayetano Sánchez Bustillo (1880–1881) | |||||||||
| *89* | *[[File:Rafael_Rodríguez_Arias,_La_Ilustración_Española_y_Americana.jpg | 126x126px]]* | *Rafael Rodríguez Arias* | March 20, | April 15, | ||||
| 90 | [[File:Primo_de_Rivera_1893.JPG | 150x150px]] | Fernando Primo de Rivera | April 15, | March 10, | ||||
| Fernando León y Castillo (1881–1883) | Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1881–1883) | ||||||||
| Gaspar Núñez de Arce (1883) | |||||||||
| *(91)* | *[[File:Lesser_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain_(1700-1868_and_1834-1930)_Pillars_of_Hercules_Variant.svg | 106x106px]]* | *Emilio Molíns* | March 10, | April 7, | ||||
| 92 | [[File:General_Joaquin_Jovellar_y_Soler_painting.jpg | 137x137px]] | Joaquín Jovellar y Soler | April 7, | April 1, | ||||
| Estanislao Suárez Inclán (1883–1884) | José Posada Herrera (1883–1884) | ||||||||
| Manuel Aguirre de Tejada (1884–1885) | Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1884–1885) | ||||||||
| *(91)* | *[[File:Lesser_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain_(1700-1868_and_1834-1930)_Pillars_of_Hercules_Variant.svg | 106x106px]]* | *Emilio Molíns* | April 1, | April 4, | ||||
| 92 | [[File:Emilio_Terrero.jpg | 143x143px]] | Emilio Terrero y Perinat | April 4, | April 25, | ||||
| German Gamazo (1885–1886) | Maria Christina of Austria | Vacant | |||||||
| Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1885–1890) | |||||||||
| Alfonso XIII | |||||||||
| Víctor Balaguer (1886–1888) | |||||||||
| *93* | *[[File:Antonio_Moltó.jpg | 143x143px]]* | *Antonio Moltó y Díaz Berrio* | April 25, | June 4, | ||||
| *94* | *[[File:Federico Lobatón y Prieto's remastered signature.svg | 150x150px]]* | *Federico Lobatón y Prieto* | June 4, | June 5, | ||||
| 95 | [[File:Valeriano_Weyler.gif | 131x131px]] | Valeriano Weyler | June 5, | November 17, | ||||
| Trinitario Ruiz Capdepón (1888) | |||||||||
| Manuel Becerra y Bermúdez (1888–1890) | |||||||||
| Antonio María Fabié (1890–1891) | Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1890–1892) | ||||||||
| 96 | [[File:Eulogio_Despujols_y_Dusay.jpg | 158x158px]] | Eulogio Despujol y Dusay | November 17, | March 1, | ||||
| Francisco Romero Robledo (1891–1892) | |||||||||
| Antonio Maura (1892–1894) | Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1892–1895) | ||||||||
| *97* | [[File:General_Ochando.jpg | 127x127px]] | *Federico Ochando* | March 1, | May 4, | ||||
| 98 | [[File:General_Ramón_Blanco_y_Erenas.jpg | 146x146px]] | Ramón Blanco | May 4, | December 13, | ||||
| Manuel Becerra y Bermúdez (1894–1895) | |||||||||
| Buenaventura Abárzuza Ferrer (1894–1895) | |||||||||
| Tomás Castellano Villarroya (1895–1897) | Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1895–1897) | ||||||||
| *99* | [[File:Camilo_Polavieja,_en_La_Esfera.jpg | 125x125px]] | *Camilo Garcia de Polavieja* | December 13, | April 15, | ||||
| *100* | [[File:José_de_Lachambre.png | 106x106px]] | *José de Lachambre* | April 15, | April 23, | ||||
| (90) | [[File:Primo_de_Rivera_1893.JPG | 150x150px]] | Fernando Primo de Rivera | April 23, | April 11, | ||||
| Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero (1897) | |||||||||
| Segismundo Moret (1897–1898) | Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1897–1899)**** | ||||||||
| 101 | [[File:Basilio_Augustín_y_Dávila.jpg | 122x122px]] | Basilio Augustín | April 11, | July 24, | ||||
| Vicente Romero Girón (1898–1899) | |||||||||
| *102* | [[File:Fermín_Jáudenes.png | 120x120px]] | *Fermín Jáudenes* | July 24, | August 13, | ||||
| *103* | [[File:Francisco_Rizzo.jpg | 164x164px]] | *Francisco Rizzo* | August 13, | September 18, | ||||
| *104* | [[File:Diego_de_los_Ríos_y_Nicolau_(22_de_enero_de_1910,_La_Ilustración_Española_y_Americana,_Franzen).jpg | 141x141px]] | *Diego de los Ríos* | September 18, | June 3, | ||||
| Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde (1899) | Francisco Silvela (1899–1899) | ||||||||
| Office abolished |
United States Military Government (1898–1902)
The city of Manila was captured by American expeditionary forces on August 13, 1898. On August 14, 1898, the terms of the Spanish capitulation were signed. From this date, American government in the Philippines begins. General Wesley Merritt, in accordance with the instructions of the United States President, issued a proclamation announcing the establishment of United States military rule.
During the transition period, executive authority in all civil affairs in the Philippine government was exercised by the military governor.
| No. | Portrait | Name | Tenure start | Tenure end | 1898 Treaty of Paris]]. | President |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [[File:MajorGeneralWesleyMerritt (cropped).JPG | 100px]] | Wesley Merritt | |||
| (1836–1910) | August 14, | |||||
| 1898 | August 30, | |||||
| 1898 | Russell A. Alger (1897–1899) | William McKinley | ||||
| (1897–1901) | ||||||
| 2 | [[File:Elwell S. Otis.jpg | 100px]] | Elwell Stephen Otis | |||
| (1838–1909) | August 30, | |||||
| 1898 | May 5, | |||||
| 1900 | ||||||
| Elihu Root (1899–1904) | ||||||
| 3 | [[File:Arthur MacArthur Jr.jpg | 100px]] | Arthur MacArthur Jr. | |||
| (1845–1912) | May 5, | |||||
| 1900 | July 4, | |||||
| 1901 | ||||||
| 4 | [[File:Gen. Adna R. Chaffee, half-length portrait, facing left, in uniform LCCN97508364 (cropped).jpg | 100px]] | Adna Chaffee | |||
| (1842–1914) | July 4, | |||||
| 1901 | July 4, | |||||
| 1902 | ||||||
| Theodore Roosevelt | ||||||
| (1901–1909) |
Insular Government (1901–1935)
On July 4, 1901, executive authority over the islands was transferred to the president of the Second Philippine Commission who had the title of Civil Governor, a position appointed by the President of the United States and approved by the United States Senate. For the first year, a Military Governor, Adna Chaffee, ruled parts of the country still resisting the American rule, concurrent with Civil Governor, William Howard Taft. Disagreements between the two were not uncommon. The following year, on July 4, 1902, Taft became the sole executive authority. Chaffee remained commander of the Philippine Division until September 30, 1902.
After his retirement as Civil Governor, Governor Taft was appointed Secretary of War and he secured for his successor the adoption by Congress of the title Governor-General of the Philippine Islands thereby "reviving the high designation used during the last period of Spanish rule and placing the office on a parity of dignity with that of other colonial empires of first importance". The term "insular" (from insula, the Latin word for island) refers to U.S. island territories that are not incorporated into either a state or a federal district. All insular areas were under the authority of the U.S. Bureau of Insular Affairs, a division of the US War Department.
| No. | Portrait | Name | Tenure start | Tenure end | Secretary of War | President |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [[File:William Howard Taft.jpg | 100px]] | William Howard Taft | |||
| (1857–1930) | July 4, | |||||
| 1901 | February 1, | |||||
| 1904 | Elihu Root (1899–1904) | William McKinley | ||||
| (1897–1901) | ||||||
| Theodore Roosevelt | ||||||
| (1901–1909) | ||||||
| 2 | [[File:Luke Edward Wright.jpg | 100px]] | Luke Edward Wright | |||
| (1846–1922) | February 1, | |||||
| 1904 | November 3, | |||||
| 1905 | William Howard Taft(1904–1908) | |||||
| 3 | [[File:Henry Clay Ide 710x1024.jpg | 100px]] | Henry Clay Ide | |||
| (1844–1921) | November 3, | |||||
| 1905 | September 19, | |||||
| 1906 | ||||||
| [[File:GenJFSmith.jpg | 100px]] | James Francis Smith | ||||
| (1859–1928) | September 20, | |||||
| 1906 | November 11, | |||||
| 1909 | ||||||
| 4 | Luke Edward Wright (1908–1909) | |||||
| Jacob M. Dickinson (1909–1911) | William Howard Taft | |||||
| (1909–1913) | ||||||
| 5 | [[File:W. Cameron Forbes cph.3b13852.jpg | 100px]] | William Cameron Forbes | |||
| (1870–1959) | November 11, | |||||
| 1909 | September 1, | |||||
| 1913 | ||||||
| Henry L. Stimson (1911–1913) | ||||||
| Lindley Miller Garrison (1913–1916) | Woodrow Wilson | |||||
| (1913–1921) | ||||||
| – | [[File:Newton W. Gilbert (Governor General of the Philippines).jpg | 100px]] | *Newton W. Gilbert | |||
| (1862–1939) | ||||||
| Acting Governor-General* | *September 1, | |||||
| 1913* | *October 6, | |||||
| 1913* | ||||||
| 6 | [[File:Francis Burton Harrison, seated.jpg | 100px]] | Francis Burton Harrison | |||
| (1873–1957) | October 6, | |||||
| 1913 | March 5, | |||||
| 1921 | ||||||
| Newton D. Baker (1916–1921) | ||||||
| John W. Weeks (1921–1925) | Warren G. Harding | |||||
| (1921–1923) | ||||||
| – | [[File:Charles Emmett Yeater (Philippines Governor General).jpg | 100px]] | *Charles Yeater | |||
| (1861–1943) | ||||||
| Acting Governor-General* | *March 5, | |||||
| 1921* | *October 14, | |||||
| 1921* | ||||||
| 7 | [[File:General Leonard Wood Rol BNF Gallica.jpg | 100px]] | Leonard Wood | |||
| (1860–1927) | October 14, | |||||
| 1921 | August 7, | |||||
| 1927 | ||||||
| Calvin Coolidge | ||||||
| (1923–1929) | ||||||
| Dwight F. Davis (1925–1929) | ||||||
| – | [[File:Eugene Allen Gilmore in "The badger" (1916).jpg | 100px]] | *Eugene Allen Gilmore | |||
| (1871–1953) | ||||||
| Acting Governor-General* | *August 7, | |||||
| 1927* | *December 27, | |||||
| 1927* | ||||||
| 8 | [[File:Henry Stimson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1929.jpg | 100px]] | Henry L. Stimson | |||
| (1867–1950) | December 27, | |||||
| 1927 | February 23, | |||||
| 1929 | ||||||
| – | [[File:Eugene Allen Gilmore in "The badger" (1916).jpg | 100px]] | *Eugene Allen Gilmore | |||
| (1871–1953) | ||||||
| Acting Governor-General* | *February 23, | |||||
| 1929* | *July 8, | |||||
| 1929* | ||||||
| James W. Good (1929) | Herbert Hoover | |||||
| (1929–1933) | ||||||
| [[File:Dwight Davis, Bain bw photo portrait.jpg | 100px]] | Dwight F. Davis | ||||
| (1879–1945) | July 8, | |||||
| 1929 | January 9, | |||||
| 1932 | ||||||
| 9 | ||||||
| Patrick J. Hurley (1929–1933) | ||||||
| – | [[File:George C. Butte (Philippines Governor).jpg | 100px]] | *George C. Butte | |||
| (1877–1940) | ||||||
| Acting Governor-General* | *January 9, | |||||
| 1932* | *February 29, | |||||
| 1932* | ||||||
| 10 | [[File:LC-DIG-ggbain-37582.jpg | 100px]] | Theodore Roosevelt Jr. | |||
| (1886–1944) | February 29, | |||||
| 1932 | July 15, | |||||
| 1933 | ||||||
| George Dern (1933–1936) | Franklin D. Roosevelt | |||||
| (1933–1945) | ||||||
| 11 | [[File:Justice Frank Murphy.jpg | 100px]] | Frank Murphy | |||
| (1890–1949) | July 15, | |||||
| 1933 | November 14, | |||||
| 1935 |
High Commissioner to the Philippines (1935–42 and 1945–46)
On November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated as a transitional government to prepare the country for independence. The office of President of the Philippine Commonwealth replaced the Governor-General as the country's chief executive. The Governor-General became the High Commissioner of the Philippines with Frank Murphy, the last governor-general, as the first high commissioner. The High Commissioner exercised no executive power but rather represented the colonial power, the United States Government, in the Philippines. The high commissioner moved from Malacañang Palace to the newly built High Commissioner's Residence, now the Embassy of the United States in Manila.
After the Philippine independence on July 4, 1946, the last High Commissioner, Paul McNutt, became the first United States Ambassador to the Philippines.
| No. | Portrait | Name | Tenure start | Tenure end | President |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [[File:Justice Frank Murphy.jpg | 100px]] | Frank Murphy | ||
| (1890–1949) | November 14, | ||||
| 1935 | December 31, | ||||
| 1936 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | ||||
| (1933–1945) | |||||
| – | [[File:J. Weldon Jones.jpg | 100px]] | *J. Weldon Jones | ||
| (1896–1982) | |||||
| Acting High Commissioner* | *December 31, | ||||
| 1936* | *April 26, | ||||
| 1937* | |||||
| 2 | [[File:Paul V McNutt Oct 1941.jpg | 100px]] | Paul V. McNutt | ||
| (1891–1955) | April 26, | ||||
| 1937 | July 12, | ||||
| 1939 | |||||
| – | [[File:J. Weldon Jones.jpg | 100px]] | *J. Weldon Jones | ||
| (1896–1982) | |||||
| Acting High Commissioner* | *July 12, | ||||
| 1939* | *October 28, | ||||
| 1939* | |||||
| 3 | [[File:New Governor General of Philippines. Washington, D.C., July 27. Francis B. Sayre, Assistant Secretary of State LCCN2016876006.jpg | 100px]] | Francis Bowes Sayre Sr. | ||
| (1885–1972) | October 28, | ||||
| 1939 | October 12, | ||||
| 1942 | |||||
| 4 | [[File:Ickes.gif | 100px]] | Harold L. Ickes | ||
| (1874–1952) | October 12, | ||||
| 1942 | September 14, | ||||
| 1945 | |||||
| Harry S. Truman | |||||
| (1945–1953) | |||||
| 5 | [[File:Paul V McNutt Oct 1941.jpg | 100px]] | Paul V. McNutt | ||
| (1891–1955) | September 14, | ||||
| 1945 | July 4, | ||||
| 1946 |
Japanese military governors (1942–45)
In December 1941, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was invaded by Imperial Japan as part of World War II. The next year, the Japanese sent a military governor to control the country during the wartime period, followed by the formal establishment of the puppet Second Philippine Republic under Jose P. Laurel.
On September 2, 1945, the position of Governor-General of the Philippines was abolished. The Philippines' independence from the United States was proclaimed by the Treaty of Manila on July 4, 1946, installing Manuel Roxas as the fifth President of the Philippines and ushering in the Third Philippine Republic.
| No. | Portrait | Name | Tenure start | Tenure end | Emperor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [[File:Honma Masaharu.jpg | 100px]] | Masaharu Homma | ||
| (1887–1946) | January 3, | ||||
| 1942 | June 8, | ||||
| 1942 | Hirohito | ||||
| (1926–1989) | |||||
| 2 | [[File:Tanaka Shizuichi.jpg | 100px]] | Shizuichi Tanaka | ||
| (1887–1945) | June 8, | ||||
| 1942 | May 28, | ||||
| 1943 | |||||
| 3 | [[File:Kuroda Shigenori.jpg | 100px]] | Shigenori Kuroda | ||
| (1887–1952) | May 28, | ||||
| 1943 | September 26, | ||||
| 1944 | |||||
| 4 | [[File:Face detail, Yamashita Tomoyuki Osaka (cropped).jpg | 100px]] | Tomoyuki Yamashita | ||
| (1885–1946) | September 26, | ||||
| 1944 | September 2, | ||||
| 1945 |
Vice-governors of the Philippines
On October 29, 1901, the position of Vice-Governor was created. The Vice-Governor was appointed by the President of the United States to act as the Governor-General (known at that time as the Civil Governor) in case of illness or temporary absence.
| No. | Portrait | Name | Tenure start | Tenure end |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [[File:Luke Edward Wright.jpg | 100px]] | Luke Edward Wright | |
| (1846–1922) | ||||
| October 29, | ||||
| 1901 | January 31, | |||
| 1904 | ||||
| 2 | [[File:Henry Clay Ide 710x1024.jpg | 100px]] | Henry Clay Ide | |
| (1844–1921) | ||||
| February 1, | ||||
| 1904 | March 30, | |||
| 1906 | ||||
| 3 | [[File:W. Cameron Forbes cph.3b13852.jpg | 100px]] | William Cameron Forbes | |
| (1870–1959) | ||||
| July 31, | ||||
| 1908 | November 10, | |||
| 1909 | ||||
| 4 | [[File:Newton W. Gilbert (Governor General of the Philippines).jpg | 100px]] | Newton W. Gilbert | |
| (1862–1939) | ||||
| February 14, | ||||
| 1910 | November 30, | |||
| 1913 | ||||
| 5 | [[File:Henderson S. Martin.jpg | 100px]] | Henderson S. Martin | |
| December 1, | ||||
| 1913 | June 28, | |||
| 1917 | ||||
| 6 | [[File:Charles Emmett Yeater (Philippines Governor General).jpg | 100px]] | Charles Yeater | |
| (1861–1943) | ||||
| June 29, | ||||
| 1917 | January 25, | |||
| 1922 | ||||
| 7 | [[File:Eugene Allen Gilmore in "The badger" (1916).jpg | 100px]] | Eugene Allen Gilmore | |
| (1871–1953) | ||||
| January 26, | ||||
| 1922 | June 20, | |||
| 1930 | ||||
| – | [[File:Nicholas Roosevelt, WWI.jpg | 100px]] | *Nicholas Roosevelt** | |
| (1893–1982) | ||||
| Ad interim* | ||||
| *July 29, | ||||
| 1930* | *September 24, | |||
| 1930* | ||||
| 8 | [[File:George C. Butte (Philippines Governor).jpg | 100px]] | George C. Butte | |
| (1877–1940) | ||||
| December 31, | ||||
| 1930 | June 30, | |||
| 1932 | ||||
| 9 | [[File:John Hodgman Holliday.jpg | 100px]] | John H. Holliday | |
| August 13, | ||||
| 1932 | September 1, | |||
| 1933 | ||||
| 10 | [[File:Joseph R. Hayden.tif | 100px]] | Joseph R. Hayden | |
| (1887–1945) | ||||
| November 7, | ||||
| 1933 | November 15, | |||
| 1935 |
Timelines
1750–1800
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:60 right:170 left:20 AlignBars = late
DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1750 till:1799 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1750
Colors = id:Vacant value:black id:None value:gray(0.3) id:ESP value:yelloworange legend:Spanish id:GBR value:purple legend:British id:linemark value:gray(0.8) id:linemark2 value:gray(0.9)
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BarData = barset:PM
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1800–50
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Legend = columns:1 left:120 top:25 columnwidth:200
BarData = barset:PM
PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM from:01/01/1800 till:08/07/1806 text:"Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León" color:ESP from:08/07/1806 till:03/04/1810 text:"Mariano Fernández de Folgueras" color:ESP from:03/04/1810 till:09/14/1813 text:"Manuel González de Aguilar" color:ESP from:09/04/1813 till:09/09/1816 text:"José de Gardoqui y Jarabeitia" color:ESP from:09/09/1816 till:10/30/1822 text:"Mariano Fernández de Folgueras" color:ESP from:10/30/1822 till:10/15/1825 text:"Juan Antonio Martínez" color:ESP from:10/15/1825 till:12/23/1830 text:"Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca" color:ESP from:12/23/1830 till:03/01/1835 text:"Pascual Enrile y Alcedo" color:ESP from:03/01/1835 till:04/23/1835 text:"Gabriel de Torres" color:ESP from:04/23/1835 till:09/08/1835 text:"Joaquín de Crámer" color:ESP from:09/08/1835 till:08/27/1837 text:"Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona" color:ESP from:08/27/1837 till:12/29/1838 text:"Andrés García Camba" color:ESP from:12/29/1838 till:02/14/1841 text:"Luis Lardizábal" color:ESP from:02/14/1841 till:06/17/1843 text:"Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri" color:ESP from:06/17/1843 till:07/16/1844 text:"Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre" color:ESP from:07/16/1844 till:12/26/1849 text:"Narciso Clavería y Zaldua" color:ESP from:12/26/1849 till:12/31/1849 text:"Antonio María Blanco" color:ESP
1850–98
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DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1850 till:08/13/1898 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1850
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PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM from:01/01/1850 till:07/29/1850 text:"Antonio María Blanco" color:ESP from:07/29/1850 till:12/20/1853 text:"Antonio de Urbistondo y Eguía" color:ESP from:12/20/1853 till:02/02/1854 text:"Ramón Montero y Blandino" color:ESP from:02/02/1854 till:10/28/1854 text:"Manuel Pavía y Lacy" color:ESP from:10/28/1854 till:11/20/1854 text:"Ramón Montero y Blandino" color:ESP from:11/20/1854 till:12/05/1856 text:"Manuel Crespo y Cebrían" color:ESP from:12/05/1856 till:03/09/1857 text:"Ramón Montero y Blandino" color:ESP from:03/09/1857 till:01/12/1860 text:"Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero" color:ESP from:01/12/1860 till:08/29/1860 text:"Ramón María Solano y Llanderal" color:ESP from:08/29/1860 till:02/02/1861 text:"Juan Herrera Dávila" color:ESP from:02/02/1861 till:07/07/1862 text:"José Lemery e Ibarrola Ney y González" color:ESP from:07/07/1862 till:07/09/1862 text:"Salvador Valdés" color:ESP from:07/09/1862 till:03/24/1865 text:"Rafael de Echague y Bermingham" color:ESP from:03/24/1865 till:04/25/1865 text:"Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez" color:ESP from:04/25/1865 till:07/13/1866 text:"Juan de Lara e Irigoyen" color:ESP from:07/13/1866 till:09/21/1866 text:"José Laureano de Sanz y Posse" color:ESP from:09/21/1866 till:09/27/1866 text:"Juan Antonio Osorio" color:ESP from:09/27/1866 till:10/26/1866 text:"Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez" color:ESP from:10/26/1866 till:06/07/1869 text:"José de la Gándara y Navarro" color:ESP from:06/07/1869 till:06/23/1869 text:"Manuel Maldonado" color:ESP from:06/23/1869 till:04/04/1871 text:"Cárlos María de la Torre y Nava Cerrada" color:ESP from:04/04/1871 till:01/08/1873 text:"Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutíerrez" color:ESP from:01/08/1873 till:01/24/1873 text:"Manuel MacCrohon" color:ESP from:01/24/1873 till:03/17/1874 text:"Juan Alminos y de Vivar" color:ESP from:03/17/1874 till:06/18/1874 text:"Manuel Blanco Valderrama" color:ESP from:06/18/1874 till:02/28/1877 text:"José Malcampo y Monje" color:ESP from:02/28/1877 till:03/20/1880 text:"Domingo Moriones y Murillo" color:ESP from:03/20/1880 till:04/15/1880 text:"Rafael Rodríguez Arias" color:ESP from:04/15/1880 till:03/10/1883 text:"Fernando Primo de Rivera" color:ESP from:03/10/1883 till:04/07/1883 text:"Emilio Molíns" color:ESP from:04/07/1883 till:04/01/1885 text:"Joaquín Jovellar" color:ESP from:04/01/1885 till:04/04/1885 text:"Emilio Molíns" color:ESP from:04/04/1885 till:04/10/1888 text:"Emilio Terrero y Perinat" color:ESP from:04/25/1888 till:06/04/1888 text:"Antonio Moltó" color:ESP from:06/04/1888 till:06/05/1888 text:"Federico Lobatón" color:ESP from:06/05/1888 till:11/17/1891 text:"Valeriano Weyler" color:ESP from:11/17/1891 till:03/01/1893 text:"Eulogio Despujol" color:ESP from:03/01/1893 till:05/04/1893 text:"Federico Ochando" color:ESP from:05/04/1893 till:12/13/1896 text:"Ramón Blanco" color:ESP from:12/13/1896 till:04/15/1897 text:"Camilo Polavieja" color:ESP from:04/15/1897 till:04/23/1897 text:"José de Lachambre" color:ESP from:04/23/1897 till:04/11/1898 text:"Fernando Primo de Rivera" color:ESP from:04/11/1898 till:07/24/1898 text:"Basilio Augustín" color:ESP from:07/24/1898 till:08/13/1898 text:"Fermín Jáudenes" color:esp
1898–1946
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bar:Rizzo from:08/13/1898 till:09/01/1898 text:"Francisco Rizzo" color:ESP bar:Ríos from:09/01/1898 till:12/10/1898 text:"Diego de los Ríos" color:ESP bar:Merritt from:08/14/1898 till:08/28/1898 text:"Wesley Merritt" color:MIL bar:Otis from:08/28/1898 till:05/05/1900 text:"Otis" color:MIL bar:MacArthur from:05/25/1900 till:07/04/1901 text:"MacArthur" color:MIL bar:Chaffee from:07/04/1901 till:07/04/1902 text:"Chaffee" color:MIL bar:Taft from:07/04/1902 till:12/23/1903 text:"Taft" color:REP bar:Wright from:02/01/1904 till:04/01/1906 text:"Wright" color:REP bar:Ide from:03/30/1906 till:09/01/1906 text:"Ide" color:REP bar:Smith from:09/01/1906 till:11/11/1909 text:"Smith" color:REP bar:Forbes from:11/11/1909 till:09/01/1913 text:"Forbes" color:REP bar:Gilbert from:09/01/1913 till:10/06/1913 text:"Gilbert" color:REP bar:Harrison from:10/06/1913 till:03/05/1921 text:"Harrison" color:DEM bar:Yeater from:03/05/1921 till:10/14/1921 text:"Yeater" color:DEM bar:Wood from:10/14/1921 till:08/07/1927 text:"Wood" color:REP bar:Gilmore from:08/07/1927 till:12/27/1927 text:" " color:REP bar:Stimson from:12/27/1927 till:02/23/1929 text:"Stimson" color:REP bar:Gilmore from:02/23/1929 till:07/08/1929 text:"Gilmore" color:REP bar:Davis from:07/08/1929 till:01/09/1932 text:"Davis" color:REP bar:Butte from:01/09/1932 till:02/29/1932 text:"Butte" color:REP bar:Roosevelt from:02/29/1932 till:07/15/1933 text:"Roosevelt" color:REP bar:Murphy from:07/15/1933 till:12/31/1936 text:"Murphy" color:DEM bar:Jones from:12/31/1936 till:02/27/1937 text:"Jones" color:DEM bar:McNutt from:02/27/1937 till:12/31/1939 text:"McNutt" color:DEM bar:Sayre from:12/31/1939 till:01/03/1942 text:"Sayre" color:DEM bar:Homma from:01/03/1942 till:06/08/1942 text:"Homma" color:JPN bar:Tanaka from:06/08/1942 till:05/28/1943 text:"Tanaka" color:JPN bar:Karoda from:05/28/1943 till:07/26/1944 text:"Kuroda" color:JPN bar:Yamashita from:07/26/1944 till:08/17/1945 text:"Yamashita" color:JPN bar:McNutt from:08/17/1945 till:07/04/1946 text:"McNutt" color:DEM
Notes
References
References
- As '''''[[Validos. valido]]'' of the King of Spain'''
- Personalist government of [[Philip IV of Spain. Philip IV]]
- As regent during the minority of his son, [[Charles II of Spain. Charles II]]
- As '''Chief Minister of Spain'''
- During the illness of [[Charles II of Spain. Charles II]]
- After the death of [[Charles II of Spain. Charles II]]
- Until the coronation of [[Philip of Anjou]]
- As '''Secretary of the Universal Bureau'''
- During the voyage of [[Philip V of Spain. Philip V]]
- As '''Secretary of State for the Navy and the Indies of Spain'''
- As '''[[First Secretary of State of Spain]]'''
- As '''[[Ministry of Overseas (Spain). Secretary of State for Indies]]'''
- Until the arrival of [[Charles III of Spain. Charles III]]
- As '''Secretary of State for Grace and Justice of Indies'''
- As '''Secretary of State for War, Treasury, Commerce and Navigation of Indies'''
- As [https://web.archive.org/web/20190209074751/http://humanidades.cchs.csic.es/ih/paginas/jrug/diccionario/gabinetes/m1_fernando7.htm '''Minister of the Indies of Spain''']
- Loyal to [[Ferdinand VII]] during the [[Spanish War of Independence]]
- As '''Secretary of State for Overseas Governance of Spain'''
- Depending ministry of the [[Spanish colonies]]
- As '''Secretary of State of the Overseas Governance'''
- As [[List of prime ministers of Spain. '''President of the Minsterial Council of Spain''']]
- (1998). "La actuación en extremo oriente de Excelentísimo Señor Don Pedro Antonio Salazar y Salazar, natural de Herramélluri, como gobernador y capitán general de las Islas Filipinas (1853-1837)". Berceo.
- Depending of the Overseas over the [[List of prime ministers of Spain. President of the Council of Ministers]] as an additional affair.
- As [[List of prime ministers of Spain#Bourbon Restoration in Spain (1874–1931). President of the Regency Ministry]]
- Until the birth of [[Alfonso XIII]]
- {{Harvnb. Peterson. 2007
- Serving as both '''[[List of ministers of economy and the treasury of Spain#List of ministers. Minister of Finance]] and Overseas'''
- David P. Barrows; ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/i304885?refreqid=excelsior%3A55964178634969ab58a248baa7a9e4a3 The Governor-General of the Philippines under Spain and the United States]''; [https://www.jstor.org/journal/amerhistrevi?refreqid=excelsior%3Ab8f41a022ef5b50cea6959ca47b99d19 The American Historical Review] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/i304885?refreqid=excelsior%3Ab8f41a022ef5b50cea6959ca47b99d19 Vol. 21, No. 2] (Jan. 1916), pp. 288–311 ([https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1835051.pdf PDF])
- Responsible to the [[Bureau of Insular Affairs]] regarding the Philippines after the April 11, 1899 ratification of the [[Treaty of Paris (1898). 1898 Treaty of Paris]].
- Halstead, Murat. (1898). "The Story of the Philippines and Our New Possessions, Including the Ladrones, Hawaii, Cuba and Porto Rico".
- Tucker, Spencer. (2009). "The Encyclopedia of the Spanish–American and Philippine–American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History". ABC-CLIO.
- Pershing, John J.. (2013). "My Life Before the World War, 1860--1917: A Memoir". University Press of Kentucky.
- Elliot, Charles Burke. (1917). "The Philippines to the End of the Commission Government: A Study in Tropical Democracy". The Bobbs-Merrill Company.
- Elliot, Charles Burke. (1917). "The Philippines to the End of the Commission Government: A Study in Tropical Democracy". The Bobbs-Merrill Company.
- [[#refTanner1901. Tanner (1901)]], p. 383
- Philippine Academy of Social Sciences. (1967). "Philippine social sciences and humanities review".
- Act of Congress of February 6, 1905, entitled: "An Act To amend an Act approved July first, nineteen hundred and two, entitled "An Act temporarily to provide for the administration of the affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes," and to amend an Act approved March eighth, nineteen hundred and two, entitled "An Act temporarily to provide revenue for the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes" and to amend an Act March second, nineteen hundred and three, entitled "An Act to establish a standard of value and to provide for a coinage system in the Philippine Islands," and to provide for the more efficient administration of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes." Section 8 thereof provided that "the civil governor of the Philippine Islands shall hereafter be known as the governor-general of the Philippine Islands.
- [https://translate.google.com/?hl=en#en/la/island "Island – from English to Latin"]. Google Translate. Retrieved on August 7, 2013.
- [http://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/politicatypes.cfm "Definitions of Insular Area Political Organizations"] {{webarchive. link. (September 25, 2012 . U.S. Department of the Interior.)
- [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/insular "Insular"]. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved on August 7, 2013.
- [[#refCahoon2000. Cahoon (2000)]]
- (1901). "Annual Report of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1901". Government Printing Office.
- (1949). "Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War (1917–1919): Zone of the Interior, Volume 3, Part 1". Government Printing Office.
- (1922). "Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department, 1922". Government Printing Office.
- (1976). "Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Herbert Hoover: 1930". Government Printing Office.
- (1932). "Annual Report of the Governor General of the Philippine Islands, 1930". Government Printing Office.
- (1934). "Annual Report of the Governor General of the Philippine Islands 1932". Government Printing Office.
- (1934). "Annual Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs 1934". Government Printing Office.
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