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Government Junta of Chile (1891)

Short-lived Chilean government

Summary

Short-lived Chilean government

Members of the Revolutionary Junta (sitting), surrounded by the revolutionary ministers

The Revolutionary Junta of Iquique () (April 13, 1891 - December 26, 1891), was the political structure that was established by the Chilean Congress and Admiral Jorge Montt to challenge the power of Chilean President José Manuel Balmaceda after the navy insurrection that started the 1891 Chilean Civil War. The junta ruled the country until Admiral Jorge Montt assumed power as the new president after Balmaceda's defeat and suicide in September 1891.

Creation

A conflict had been simmering for a long time between the National Congress and the President over the extent of the constitutional powers of each. In January 1891, the conflict led to the 1891 Chilean Civil War, that broke out between the presidential and the congressional forces. President José Manuel Balmaceda was supported by the regular army and a small part of the navy. Most of the navy, under the command of captain Jorge Montt, supported Congress. Captain Montt, who also led the congressional forces together with General Emil Korner, captured the northern provinces and organized a parallel government in the city of Iquique. Once there they proceeded to raise and organize an army, which eventually they transported south to fight against the presidential forces.

Members

Position	Name	Background
President	Jorge Montt Alvarez	Navy Captain
Member	Waldo Silva Algüe	Vice President of the Senate
Member	Ramón Barros Luco	President of the Chamber of Deputies

History

Main article: 1891 Chilean Civil War

La Serena]]. The Junta now began the formation of a properly organized army for the next campaign, which, it was believed universally on both sides, would be directed against Coquimbo. The necessary arms and ammunition were arranged for in Europe; they were shipped in a British vessel, and transferred to a Chilean steamer at Fortune Bay, in [[Tierra del Fuego]], close to the [[Straits of Magellan]] and the [[Falkland Islands]], and thence carried to Iquique, where they were safely disembarked early in July 1891. A force of 10,000 men was now raised by the junta, and preparations were rapidly pushed forward for a move to the south with the object of attacking Valparaiso and Santiago, because in a few months the arrival of the new ships from Europe would reopen the struggle for command of the sea so the Congressional party could no longer aim at a methodical conquest of successive provinces, but was compelled to attempt to crush the dictator at a blow.

After his forces were overcome, Balmaceda fled to the Argentinian embassy where he stayed for one month, then committed suicide rather than surrender to the new government. The Government Junta took control from General Manuel Baquedano, who had succeeded President Balmaceda in order to avoid the continuance of hostilities, and ruled until new elections were held, that elected Captain Montt as new President.

References

Lockhart, James. (2019). "Commodity Frontiers and Global Capitalist Expansion: Social, Ecological and Political Implications from the Nineteenth Century to the Present Day". Springer.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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