From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base
Gonzaga College High School
Catholic school in Washington, D.C., United States
Catholic school in Washington, D.C., United States
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Gonzaga College High School |
| image | GonzWash.png |
| location | 19 I Street Northwest |
| city | Washington, D.C. |
| zipcode | 20001 |
| country | United States |
| coordinates | |
| former_names | |
| type | Private Catholic All-male college-preparatory day school |
| motto | Latin: |
| Ad maiorem Dei gloriam | |
| religious_affiliation | Roman Catholic (Jesuit) |
| patron | St. Aloysius Gonzaga |
| ceeb | 090085 |
| established | |
| founder | Anthony Kohlmann, S.J. |
| district | Archdiocese of Washington Catholic Schools |
| president | Fr. Joseph E. Lingan, S.J. |
| headmaster | Thomas K. Every, II |
| faculty | 81.1 (2019–20) |
| gender | All-male |
| enrollment | 964 (2019–20) |
| grade9 | 244 |
| grade10 | 248 |
| grade11 | 237 |
| grade12 | 235 |
| ratio | 11.9 (2019–20) |
| colors | Purple and white |
| song | Alma mater |
| conference | WCAC |
| team_name | Eagles |
| accreditation | MSA |
| publication | The Gonzaga Magazine |
| newspaper | The Aquilian |
| endowment | $65,000,000 |
| tuition | $31,630 |
| website |
Catholic school in Washington, D.C.
Ad maiorem Dei gloriam English**:** For the Greater Glory of God
Gonzaga College High School is a private Catholic college-preparatory high school for boys in Washington, D.C. Founded by the Jesuits in 1821 as the Washington Seminary, Gonzaga is named in honor of Aloysius Gonzaga, an Italian saint from the 16th century. Gonzaga is the oldest boys' high school in Washington, D.C.
History
Gonzaga was officially founded by Fr. Anthony Kohlmann, a Jesuit, in 1821, though there is some evidence the school began a few years earlier. It is the oldest educational facility in the original federal city of Washington and was at first called Washington Seminary, operating under the charter of Georgetown College (now Georgetown University and Georgetown Preparatory School respectively), which was becoming too crowded for its space at the time. on F Street near 10th Street, N.W., in a building adjoining Saint Patrick's Church. The purpose of this school was to train seminarians, but soon after opening, it began admitting lay students. The school was immediately popular among Catholic families and was well enough known in its early years to attract the attention of President John Quincy Adams, who visited the school to test the boys' Latin and Greek. However, there were financial problems that caused the Jesuits to withdraw in 1827: their order prohibited the charging of tuition at a day school for youth. It continued to be run by laity until the Jesuits returned some twenty years later (with the ordinance regarding tuition changed); President Zachary Taylor presided at the commencement exercises in 1849.
In 1858, Gonzaga was granted its own charter by Congress as a college empowered to confer degrees in the arts and sciences, which accounts for its name (Gonzaga College) to this day. Although some students did receive bachelor's degrees in the 19th century, Gonzaga no longer confers degrees, other than honorary doctorates presented to commencement speakers or other notable guests. In 1871, the school moved to a building (now called Kohlmann Hall) in a neighborhood called Swampoodle located just north of the U.S. Capitol. It was located on the same block as St. Aloysius Church – built in 1859 and now on the U.S. Register of Historic Buildings with a high Roman Catholic population surrounding it. Enrollment declined owing to the distance of the new neighborhood from the center, but the Jesuits persevered and by the end of the 19th century the school was once again flourishing. A theater was built in 1896 and a large new classroom building (previously the Main Building and now called Dooley Hall) was opened in 1912.
John Gabriel Smith, Gonzaga's first African-American graduate, entered the school in 1951. He wanted to prepare to be a priest and none of the schools for black children offered the necessary prerequisites, including Latin. When he decided to try out for the varsity football team, the school was unable to schedule games against public schools, which were still segregated at the time. He was ultimately prevented from playing by an injury. He graduated in 1954.
The curriculum of Gonzaga from its founding until the late 20th century was at once rigorously classical and emphatically Catholic. Mastery of Latin and deep involvement in the Catholic religion were at its core. Standards were high, and many hopeful boys who lacked the necessary qualities for success were denied admittance. To this day, Gonzaga admits approximately one third of applicants.
Gonzaga benefited greatly from the fact that the row houses built in Swampoodle were largely occupied by Irish Catholics from the late 19th century on. Although Gonzaga always drew students from other parts of the city as well, the departure of the Swampoodle Irish for the suburbs in the mid-20th century, and more especially their replacement by poorer non-Catholics, brought on another period of difficulties. A decline in enrollment and the great inner-city riot of 1968 led some to suggest that Gonzaga should be closed, or moved to a more affluent area. However, the Jesuits once again persisted and the school survived. In the last years of the 20th century Gonzaga expanded, adding several new buildings and a large playing field and field house. By 2007 Gonzaga had regained its former status and a Wall Street Journal editorial referred to it as "the premier Catholic high school of Washington."
St. Aloysius
Main article: St. Aloysius Church (Washington, D.C.)

St. Aloysius is a parish church physically attached to Gonzaga through the entrance building Dooley Hall. The church was built in 1859. It is used for Masses, concerts, some school assemblies, and graduation. The large painting above the altar is the work of Constantino Brumidi, famous for painting the frescoes on the interior of the United States Capitol dome.
Athletics
Gonzaga's athletic teams are called the Eagles. Gonzaga fields seventeen different varsity teams, most of which compete in the Washington Catholic Athletic Conference.
Gonzaga Ice Hockey competes in the Washington Catholic Athletic Conference (WCAC) and the Mid Atlantic Prep Hockey League (MAPHL).
Buchanan Field is the home field for football, soccer, and lacrosse and also serves as the practice facility for rugby, and track and field. The Carmody Center hosts basketball and select wrestling matches. Old Gym is the wrestling home match site. The Fort Dupont Ice Arena hosts ice hockey games. Gravelly Point is the home grounds for rugby matches. The game and practice venue for baseball is located at the Washington Nationals Youth Academy.
List of presidents
| No. | Name | Years | Presidents of the Washington Seminary | Presidents of Gonzaga College | Presidents of Gonzaga College High School | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1821–1824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 1824–1825 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 1824–1848 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 1826–1827 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 1848–1851 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 1851–1854 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | 1854–1857 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | 1857–1858 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 | 1858–1860 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | 1860–1861 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | 1861–1868 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12 | 1868–1874 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 | 1874–1881 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 | 1881–1882 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 | 1882–1885 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 16 | 1885–1890 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17 | 1890–1898 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 18 | 1898–1899 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 19 | 1899–1907 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20 | 1907–1908 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21 | 1908–1909 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 22 | 1909–1915 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23 | 1915–1916 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24 | 1916–1922 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 25 | 1922–1927 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 26 | 1927–1932 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 27 | 1932–1938 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 28 | 1938–1944 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 29 | 1944– | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1965–1968 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 34 | 1994–2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 35 | 2010–2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 36 | 2011–2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 37 | 2021– |
Notable faculty
- Joseph A. Canning, president of Loyola College in Maryland
- Rev. William F. Troy, President of Wheeling Jesuit University
Notable alumni
Academia
- Thomas R. Fitzgerald, S.J., sixth president of Fairfield University and the 30th president of Saint Louis University
- Jesse Mann, emeritus of philosophy at Georgetown University
- Arthur A. O'Leary, S.J., president of Georgetown University (1935–1942)
Arts and entertainment
- Michael J. Bobbitt, playwright, director, choreographer (Class of 1990)
- David Costabile, actor (Class of 1985)
- Owen Danoff, musician and contestant on The Voice (Class of 2007)
- Demetrius Grosse, actor (Class of 1999)
- Brian Hallisay, actor (Class of 1996)
- John Heard, actor (Class of 1964)
Athletes
- Johnson Bademosi, NFL cornerback (Class of 2008)
- Nate Britt, professional basketball player, attended but transferred before graduating.
- Mike Banner, professional soccer player, played for SIU-Edwardsville (Class of 2002)
- Colin Cloherty, NFL tight end (Class of 2005)
- Curome Cox, NFL safety for Denver Broncos (Class of 1999)
- Robert Churchwell, NBA player for the Golden State Warriors. (Class of 1990)
- Olu Fashanu, NFL offensive tackle for New York Jets
- A. J. Francis, NFL defensive tackle (Class of 2008)
- Billy Glading, Lacrosse All-American and midfielder for the Chesapeake Bayhawks (MLL) (Class of 1999)
- Ian Harkes, professional soccer player, Hermann Trophy winner (Class of 2013)
- Chuck Harris, basketball player
- Joey Haynos, NFL tight end for Miami Dolphins (Class of 2003)
- Darryl Hill, first African American football player at Naval Academy and in Atlantic Coast Conference (Maryland, Class of 1960)
- Kevin Hogan, NFL quarterback (Class of 2011)
- Kris Jenkins, forward for Villanova Wildcats, 2016 national champions (Class of 2013)
- Cam Johnson, NFL player for Cleveland Browns (Class of 2008)
- Malcolm Johnson, Notre Dame and NFL wide receiver
- Evan Link, Michigan offensive tackle (Class of 2023)
- Jalen McMurray, Tennessee defensive back (Class of 2021)
- Carter Meadows, Michigan defensive end (Class of 2026)
- Nick Morabito, baseball player in the New York Mets organization (Class of 2022)
- Jon Morris, NFL player for New England Patriots (Class of 1960)
- Roman Oben, NFL player for San Diego Chargers and Super Bowl champion with Tampa Bay Buccaneers (Class of 1990)
- Paul Sheehy, rugby player for USA Eagles at 1991 Rugby World Cup (Class of 1981)
- Tom Sluby, NBA player for Dallas Mavericks (Class of 1980)
- John Thompson III, basketball head coach at Georgetown University 2004-17 (Class of 1984)
- Tyler Thornton, former professional basketball player and current assistant coach for the Howard Bison
- Caleb Williams, NFL quarterback for Chicago Bears and Heisman Trophy recipient
Business
- Thomas W. Farley, president of the NYSE Group, including the New York Stock Exchange (Class of 1993)
- Jim Kimsey, co-founder of America Online, attended but dismissed and attended St. John's College High School
Journalism and publishing
- Bob Considine, journalist and author
- Pat Conroy, author, attended but did not graduate
- Joseph Ellis, Pulitzer Prize-winning author and history professor at Mount Holyoke College (Class of 1961)
- Michael Kelly, Washington Post columnist, editor of The New Republic, and editor-at-large of The Atlantic Monthly (Class of 1975)
- Lance Morrow, journalist and writer for Time magazine (Class of 1958)
- Peter Ruehl, columnist for Australian Financial Review
Military
- Brigadier General John M. K. Davis, commander of Artillery districts during the Spanish–American War (Class of 1858)
- Navy SEAL Lieutenant Commander Erik S. Kristensen who died while fighting in Afghanistan (Class of 1990)
- Air Force General John M. Loh, Air Force vice chief of staff and commander of Air Combat Command, Fighter Pilot with 200 combat missions in Vietnam War (Class of 1956)
- Captain Humbert Roque "Rocky" Versace, United States, POW, Medal of Honor recipient, Pentagon Hall of Heroes inductee, Ranger Hall of Fame inductee (Class of 1955)
Politics and law
- James A. Belson, former District of Columbia judge (Class of 1949)
- William Bennett, author, radio host, former Secretary of Education, and first "drug czar" of the United States (Class of 1961)
- Don Beyer, Congressman for Virginia’s 8th congressional district, former Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, U.S. ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein (Class of 1968)
- Pat Buchanan, Republican Party presidential candidate (1992, 1996), Reform Party presidential candidate (2000), author, and syndicated columnist (Class of 1956)
- Ken Cuccinelli, former Attorney General of Virginia, former Virginia State Senator, 37th District (Class of 1986)
- Lawrence Hogan, father of Governor of Maryland Larry Hogan and former United States Representative for Maryland's 5th congressional district (Class of 1946)
- Patrick N. Hogan, former member, Maryland House of Delegates (Class of 1997)
- Martin O'Malley, former Governor of Maryland and former Mayor of Baltimore (Class of 1981)
- Ben Quayle, former United States Representative for Arizona's 3rd congressional district (Class of 1994)
- William Nathaniel Roach, U.S. Senator from North Dakota
- Charles L. Schultze, former chairman, United States Council of Economic Advisers, Bronze Star recipient, Purple Heart recipient, World War II (Class of 1942)
- Steve Shannon, Virginia House of Delegates, 35th District, attended, did not graduate
- Zachary Somers, Judge, United States Court of Federal Claims (Class of 1997)
- Judge E. Gregory Wells, Appellate Court of Maryland, 2019-, Chief Judge, 2022- , Formerly a judge of the Circuit Court of Calvert County, Maryland and the District Court of Maryland. (Class of 1979).
Science
- Elliott Coues (1842-1899), physician, ornithologist, mammalogist. Coues white tail deer is named for him.
- B. Alvin Drew, United States Air Force captain, NASA astronaut (Class of 1980)
- James Pilling (1846–1895), pioneer ethnologist who compiled extensive bibliographies on Native American languages and culture
Others
- David Herold, hanged for participation in Lincoln's assassination
- Eric O'Neill, former FBI operative who played a major role in the arrest and conviction of FBI agent Robert Hanssen for spying
References
Citations
Sources
References
- "Find a School".
- "President's Welcome".
- "TCU Brand Central: University Color". TCU.
- MSA-CSS. "MSA-Commission on Secondary Schools".
- "Gonzaga College High School | Case Studies | Orr Group".
- (February 10, 2024). "Gonzaga College High School | Tuition And Financial Aid(2024) | Washington, DC".
- Gonzaga College. (1897). "Sketch of Gonzaga College from its Foundation in 1821 till the Celebration of the Diamond Jubilee in 1896".
- Durkin, Joseph Thomas. (1963). "William Matthews: Priest and Citizen". [[Benziger Brothers]].
- Buckley, Cornelius Michael. (2013). "Stephen Larigaudelle Dubuisson, S.J. (1786–1864) and the Reform of the American Jesuits". University Press of America.
- (7 June 1999). "At Gonzaga High, Crossing the Great Divide". [[The Washington Post]].
- (April 15, 2007). "History of Gonzaga".
- "Gonzaga Athletics".
- "Gonzaga Athletics: Game & Practice East Potomac Park is the home for the tennis team. Locations". gonzaganc.org.
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- {{harvnb. Hill. 1922
- (July 14, 1922). "Dr. Geale to Succeed Dr. Conniff at Gonzaga: Pastor of Holy Trinity, Georgetown, to Be Replaced by Dr. Smith, of Philadelphia.". [[The Washington Post]].
- (October 12, 1927). "New Chief Selected At Gonzaga College". [[The Washington Post]].
- (September 26, 1932). "New St. Aloysius' Pastor Appointed: Rev. Lawrence J. Kelly Succeeds Father Fitzpatrick in Post.". [[The Washington Post]].
- (August 1, 1938). "Father Wiesel Is Appointed to Head Gonzaga: Succeeds Rev. L.J. Kelly, Who Goes to Jesuit Seminary.". [[The Washington Post]].
- (October 1, 1944). "News from the Field". Jesuit Educational Quarterly.
- (1968). "Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Housing and Urban Affairs". United States Congress.
- (January 19, 2019). "Father Novotny, Baltimore native, left mark on Jesuit education". [[The Catholic Review]].
- (Spring 2011). "Rev. Stephen Planning, S.J., Named Thirty-Sixth President of Gonzaga".
- (March 24, 1951). "Former Head of Loyola Dies". [[The Baltimore Sun]].
- "History of WJU - 1960's".
- (March 23, 2004). "Fitzgerald, 82, Dies Of Heart Failure". The Hoya.
- Colman McCarthy. (5 July 2016). "His teaching swelled the waters of learning". The National Catholic Reporter Publishing Co..
- (November 28, 1935). "Fr. O'Leary Takes Post as President of Georgetown U.". [[The Catholic Transcript]].
- (April 29, 2011). "For Michael Bobbitt, all the world is a stage for children's theater". The Washington Post.
- (April 16, 2012). "Gonzaga College High's 116-year-old theater gets a long-overdue renovation". The Washington Post.
- Andrea Sachs. (April 20, 2016). "Washington's Owen Danoff performs on his biggest stage yet: 'The Voice'". The Washington Post.
- (15 April 2014). "Demetrius Grosse exclusive interview: talks Banshee, personal life & more". Female First.
- (September 12, 2008). "Heard on the Hill: And It's Not Even Spring". Roll Call.
- (July 23, 2017). "John Heard, actor who played an absent-minded father in 'Home Alone,' dies at 71". The Washington Post.
- (December 9, 2017). "Johnson Bademosi thankful for opportunities football has given him". ESPN.
- (November 25, 2011). "Gonzaga All-Met guard Nate Britt to announce college choice Tuesday". The Washington Post.
- "Mike Banner". Major League Soccer.
- (February 5, 2020). "Md. native Cloherty eyes title with Colts". The Baltimore Sun.
- (9 April 2013). "Player Bio: Curome Cox". University of Maryland.
- (June 20, 2012). "Benedictine names Churchwell its new basketball coach". Richmond Times-Dispatch.
- (June 3, 2019). "Olu Fashanu, 4-star OL, commits to Penn State".
- (April 22, 2013). "NFL draft: Gonzaga alum A.J. Francis works to catch league's attention". The Washington Post.
- (April 18, 2014). "UVa Lacrosse: Family Affair for Gladings". Virginia Sports.
- (February 22, 2012). "D.C. Boys Soccer POY: Ian Harkes". ESPN.
- "Chuck Harris - Men's Basketball".
- (February 20, 2008). "ADVERTISEMENT Big game forged Haynos' path to pros". The Baltimore Sun.
- (February 1, 2004). "Black Man on a White Field". [[The Washington Post]] Magazine.
- (April 6, 2018). "Redskins add depth to QB room, bring former Gonzaga star Kevin Hogan home". The Washington Post.
- (April 5, 2016). "Villlanova hero Kris Jenkins' high school coach has seen that shot before". USA Today.
- (July 12, 2007). "UVA FOOTBALL: Johnson makes commitment". Charlottesville Daily Progress.
- (1 August 2022). "Michigan football recruiting: 4-star offensive tackle Evan Link commits".
- (2 April 2024). "Once overlooked, transfers are competing with Tennessee football's prized recruits".
- Bartlett, Landon. (September 19, 2024). "4-star edge from D.C. just received Ohio State offer, but that’s not his only Ohio connection: Buckeyes Recruiting".
- (3 June 2022). "Nick Morabito '22 named DC Baseball Gatorade Player of the Year".
- (Fall 2010). "Calling Patriot Place". Holy Cross Magazine.
- (January 23, 2003). "Oben's History Lesson". The Washington Post.
- (August 23, 2019). "Auto king Paul Sheehy is bringing a professional rugby team to the region". Northern Virginia Magazine.
- (October 1, 1985). "Sluby Decides to Trade Basketball for Books". The Washington Post.
- (March 10, 1983). "John Thompson III: Son Breaks Through at Gonzaga". The Washington Post.
- "Tyler Thornton - Assistant Coach/Director of Player Development - Staff Directory".
- (April 2019). "The Honorable Jack Farley to Serve as Keynote Speaker at 70th Annual Father-Son Communion Breakfast". Gonzaga College High School.
- Heath, Thomas. (March 3, 2016). "James V. Kimsey, a co-founder of AOL, dies at 76". [[The Washington Post]].
- (1956). "Bob Considine Papers". Syracuse University.
- (December 26, 2002). "Indelible Memories Of Gonzaga". The Washington Post.
- (June 23, 2001). "A Historian's Embellished Life". The Washington Post.
- (April 5, 2003). "Post Columnist Dies in Wreck Near Baghdad". The Washington Post.
- (January 27, 1985). "At home, Words Failed Them". The New York Times.
- (April 30, 2011). "Mourning the loss of a Sun colleague". The Baltimore Sun.
- (July 7, 1858). "Local Intelligence: Gonzaga College". [[The Washington Star.
- Thayer, Bill. (February 20, 2014). "John M. K. Davis in Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy, Volumes III-VI". Bill Thayer.
- (July 6, 2005). "Navy SEAL From the District Died Leading Rescue Mission". The Washington Post.
- (July 1, 1995). "General John Michael Loh". U.S. Air Force.
- (July 8, 2002). "Bush Awards Medal of Honor to Vietnam War Hero". American Forces Press Service.
- Weiser, Benjamin. (May 20, 1981). "Reagan Nominates Belson to D.C. Court of Appeals". [[The Washington Post]].
- (July 11, 1989). "William Bennett's Straight Line". The Washington Post.
- (January 18, 1990). "Don Beyer, Fresh Off The Lot". The Washington Post.
- (March 24, 1996). "Patrick J. Buchanan: The Roots of a Populist Who Would Be President". The New York Times.
- (May 3, 2011). "Who is Ken Cuccinelli?". Washingtonian Magazine.
- (April 20, 2017). "Lawrence J. Hogan Sr., former congressman and father of governor, dies". Baltimore Sun.
- "Patrick N. Hogan". Maryland State Archives.
- "Born to Run". Bethesda Magazine.
- (June 24, 1989). "Private Schools for Pols' Kids". The Washington Post.
- "ROACH, William Nathaniel (1840-1902)".
- (September 27, 2016). "Charles L. Schultze, 91, Dies; Advised Presidents on Economic Policy". The New York Times.
- (October 21, 2009). "Contrasts sharp in attorney general race". Roanoke Times.
- "News of Alumni". Gonzaga Magazine Winter 2021-2022.
- "E. Gregory Wells". Maryland State Archives.
- (June 1909). "Biographical Memoirs: Elliott Coues". National Academy of Sciences.
- "Astronaut Bio: Benjamin Alvin Drew". NASA.
- (2000). "Pilling, James Constantine (1846-1895)". American National Biography.
- (April 22, 2011). "Pssht... the Lincoln conspirators were here". WJLA News.
- (February 16, 2007). "Real-world counterespionage powers spy thriller 'Breach'". Chicago Tribune.
This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.
Ask Mako anything about Gonzaga College High School — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.
Research with MakoFree with your Surf account
Create a free account to save articles, ask Mako questions, and organize your research.
Sign up freeThis content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.
Report