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Gonars concentration camp

Concentration camp run by Italy during WWII

Summary

Concentration camp run by Italy during WWII

Field	Value
type	Italian concentration camp
name	Gonars
image	Del slovenskega spomenika.JPG
caption	Monument for Slovene victims
location	Gonars, Italy
operated by	Italian Ministry of the Interior
commandant	Lieutenant Colonel Eugenio Vicedomini, Cesare Marioni, Ignazio Fragapane, Gustavo De Dominicis, Arturo Macchi
in operation	23 February 1942 – 8 September 1943
prisoner type	Mostly ethnic Slovene and Croat civilians
inmates	10,000 (1943)
killed	500+

The Gonars concentration camp was one of the several Italian concentration camps and it was established on February 23, 1942, near Gonars, Italy.

Many prisoners were transferred to this camp from another Italian concentration camp, the Rab concentration camp, which served as equivalent of the final solution in Mario Roatta's ethnic cleansing policy against ethnic Slovenes from the Italian-annexed Province of Ljubljana and Croats from Gorski Kotar, in accord with the racist 1920s speech by Benito Mussolini, along with other Italian war crimes committed on the Italian-annexed territories of Yugoslavia:

The first transport of 5,343 prisoners (1,643 of whom were children) arrived two days after its establishment, on February 23, 1942, from the Province of Ljubljana and from two other Italian concentration camps, the Rab camp and the camp at Monigo (near Treviso).

The camp was disbanded on September 8, 1943, immediately after the Italian armistice.

Only in 1973 was a memorial created by the sculptor Miodrag Živković at the town's cemetery. The remains of 453 Slovenian and Croatian victims were transferred into its two underground crypts. It is believed that at least 50 additional persons died in the camp due to starvation and torture. At least 93 children were killed at the camp, including those that had been transferred from the Rab concentration camp to Gonars.

Notable inmates

Slovenes

Viktor Antolin, professor of philosophy (student/journalist at the time)
France Balantič, poet
France Bučar, lawyer, writer, and statesman in post-1991 Slovenia
Lojze Bukovac, recipient of the Commemorative Medal of the Partisans of 1941, a writer
Alojz Gradnik, poet
Bogo Grafenauer, historian
Zora Konjajev, pediatrician
Boris Kraigher, politician
Vasilij Melik, historian
Frane Milčinski (pen name Ježek), a poet, actor, children's writer, and director
Odon Peterka, poet
Jakob Savinšek, sculptor and poet
Bojan Štih, literary critic, essayist, and stage director
Bogdana Stritar, opera singer
Aleš Strojnik, engineer and educator
Nada Vidmar, opera singer
Nande Vidmar, painter
Anton Vratuša, politician
Vitomil Zupan, writer
Tone Čufar, writer

Sources

Alessandra Kersevan (2008): Lager italiani. Pulizia etnica e campi di concentramento fascisti per civili jugoslavi 1941–1943. Editore Nutrimenti,
Alessandra Kersevan (2003): Un campo di concentramento fascista. Gonars 1942–1943., Kappa Vu Edizioni, Udine.
Nadja Pahor Verri (1996): Oltre il filo : storia del campo di internamento di Gonars, 1941–1943, Arti Grafiche Friulane, Udine.
Luca Baldissara, Paolo Pezzino (2004): Crimini e memorie di guerra: violenze contro le popolazioni e politiche del ricordo, L'Ancora del Mediterraneo.

References

"Gonars Concentration Camp".
Herman Janež: ''Onstran žice – Gonars (2): Prihodi transportov s taborišniki'' (deutsch: ''Jenseits des Zaunes – Gonars (2): Die Ankunft der Gefangenentransporte''), mehrteilige Reihe in der slowenischen Wochenzeitung Dolenjski list, Novo mesto, 9. August 2012, S. 18.
Pirjevec, Jože. (2008). "Resistance, Suffering, Hope: The Slovene Partisan Movement 1941–1945".
Verginella, Marta. (2011). "Aut aut". Il Saggiatore.
Santarelli, Enzo. (1979). "Scritti politici: di Benito Mussolini; Introduzione e cura di Enzo Santarelli".
"Održana komemoracija na Spomen groblju Kampor".

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

1940s-in-italy 1942-establishments-in-italy 1943-disestablishments-in-italy italian-war-crimes italian-fascist-internment-camps-in-italy

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