Glossary of chess

A

Absolute pin

Active

Adjournment

Adjudication

Adjust

Advanced pawn

Advantage

|tright |Alekhine vs. Nimzowitsch, 1930 | |rd| | | |kd| | |pd| |rd|qd|nd| |pd| |pl|pd|nd| |pd| | |pd | |bl| |pd|pl|pd| | | |pl| |pl| |pl| | | | |rl| | |nl| | | | |rl| | | |pl|pl | | |ql| | | |kl| |Alekhine's gun

Alekhine's gun

Algebraic notation

Amateur

Analysis

Annotation

Announced mate

Antipositional

Anti-Sicilian

|tright | | | | | | | | |kd | | | | | | | |rl | | | | | |nl| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Arabian mate

Arabian mate

Arbiter

Arena

Armageddon game

Artificial castling

Attack

|tright | | | | | | | |rd| |ql|qd|kd| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |kl|rl| | | | | | | | | | | | |White wins with 1.Rd7+! The black king is attracted away from the defense of the black queen with a skewer.

Attraction

Automaton

B

B

Back rank

Back-rank mate

Back-rank weakness

Backward pawn

|tright | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |pd|pd| | | | |bd|pd| | |pd | |pd| |pd| | | | | |pl| |pl| | | | | | |bl| |pl| | |pl | | | | | |pl|pl| | | | | | | | | |White has a bad bishop, Black has a good bishop .

Bad bishop

Bare king

Basque chess

|tright | |rd| | | |rd| | | |pd|kd| | | | |pd|pd | |pd| | | | | | | | | |pd|rl|pd| | | | | |pl| |pl| | | | | | | | |pl| | | | | | | | |pl | | | | |rl| |kl| |A pair of white rooks, aligned forming a battery, ready to take action

Battery

BCF

BCM

BCO

Best play

|tright |Charousek vs. Maroczy, 1895 | | | | | | |rd|kd | |pd|pd| | | |pd| | |rd| | | |pd| |pd |pd| | | |nd|pl| |pl |pl| |pl|pd|pl| | | | |pl| |pl| | | | | | |bl| |kl| |rl| | | | | | | |rl| |Example of a big pawn: the white bishop is doing the work of a pawn and has no bigger prospects.

Big pawn

Bind

Bishop

Bishop pair

Bishop pawn

Bishops on opposite colors

black

Black

Blind chess

Blindfold chess

Blind pigs

Blitz chess

Blitzkreig

|tright | |rd| | | | | | | | | | |pd| | |pd|kd |pd| |bd| |pd| | | | |pd| |nd|pl|pd|bl| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |pl|pl| | | |pl|pl|pl |rl| | |rl| | |kl| |Black has a solid light-square blockade. White's bishop cannot challenge Black's minor pieces.

Blockade

Blocked position

Blunder

Board

Board one

|tright |Schulder vs. Boden, London 1853 | | |kd| |rd| | |rd |pd|pd|pd| | | |pd|pd | | |nd| | | | | | | | |bl| |bd| | | | | | | |pl| | |bd| |pl| |bl|ql| | |pl| | |nl| |pl| |pl | | |kl|rl| | | |rl |Boden's mate

Boden's Mate

Book draw

Book move

Book win

Break

Breakthrough

Brevity

Brilliancy

Brilliancy prize

Bronstein delay

Bughouse chess

Building a bridge

Bullet chess

Bust

Bye

C

Caïssa

Calculate

Candidate Master

Candidate move

Candidates Match

Candidates Tournament

Can opener

Capped piece

Capture

Castling

Castling into it

Castling long

Castling rights

Castling short

Casual game

Category

CC

|tright | |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd | | | | | | | | | | | |xx|xx| | | | | | |xx|xx| | | | | | | | | | | |pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl |The center squares are marked "×".

Center

Center file

Center pawn

Centipawn

Central file

Centralization

Central pawn

Cheapo

Check

Checkmate

Chess annotation

Chess blindness

Chessboard

Chess clock

Chess club

Chessmen

Chess notation

Chess opening

Chess problem

Chess set

Chess variant

Chess960

Chop wood

Classical

Classical bishop sacrifice

Clearance

Clock move

Clock time

Closed file

Closed game

Closed Game

Closed tournament

CM

|tright | |rd| |bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd | | | | | | | | | | | | |pd| | | | | |bl|nd|pl| | | | | | | | |nl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl| | |rl |The Blackburne Shilling Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nd4?!), an example of coffeehouse play

Coffeehouse

|tright | | | |bd| |kd| | |rd |pd|pd| | |pl| | | | | |pd| | | |rl|ql | | | | | | | | | | | | | |pl| | | | | | | | | |pl |pl|qd| |rd| | |pl|kl | | | | |rl| | | |White played a collinear move 41.Qh5 and won. (Maróczy–Romi, San Remo, 25 January 1930)

Collinear move

Color

Colorbound

Colors reversed

Combination

Compensation

Computer move

Connected passed pawns

Connected pawns

Connected rooks

Consolidation

Consultation game

Continuation

Control

Control of the center

Cook

Coordination

Corr.

Correspondence chess

Corresponding squares

Counterattack

|tright | |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd |pd|pd|pd| | |pd|pd|pd | | | | | | | | | | | |pd|pd| | | | | | | |pl|pl| | | | | | | | | | |pl|pl|pl|pl| | |pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl |The Falkbeer Countergambit (1.e4 e5 2.f4 d5), a gambit response to the King's Gambit

Countergambit

Counterplay

Country move

Cover

Cramped

Critical position

Critical square

Cross-check

Crosstable

Crush

D

Dark-square bishop

Dark squares

|tright | | | | | | | | | | | | | |bl| | | | | | | | | | | | |kl| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |kd| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A dead draw by means of insufficient material. King versus king and bishop will never lead to checkmate. If for Black, a knight or a light-squared bishop were added to the position (e.g. a Nf3 or Bf3), a mate would be possible in theory for either side, but not with reasonable play, making it a "dead draw" in the broader sense.

Dead draw

Dead position

Decoy

Defense

Deflection

Demonstration board

Descriptive notation

Desperado

Development

Diagonal

Discovered attack

|tright | | | | | |qd| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |kd| | | | | | | |bl| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |rl| | | | |kl| | | | | | |Once the e4-bishop moves, it is discovered check by the rook.

Discovered check

Diversionary sacrifice

Domination

Double attack

Double check

Doubled pawns

Doubled rooks

Double fianchetto

Draw

Draw by agreement

Draw death

Drawing line

Drawing weapon

Drawish

Draw odds

Draw offer

Dynamism

E

Eat

ECF

ECO

ECU

Edge

Eighth rank

Elo rating system

Endgame

Endgame tablebase

|tright | |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd |pd|pd| |pd| |pd|pd|pd | | | | |xx| | | | | |pd|pl|pd| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl |After 1.d4 c5 2.d5 e5, White can play 3.dxe6, capturing the e-pawn en passant on the next move. The white pawn is placed on e6, and the black pawn on e5 is removed from the board.

En passant

|tright | |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd | | | | | |nd| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |pl| | | | | | | | |nl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl| |rl |The pawn on e4 is en prise.

En prise

E.p.

Epaulette mate

EPD

Equalize

Escape square

Evaluation

Exchange

Exchange, the

Exchange variation

Exhibition

Expanded center

Exposed king

Extended financhetto

Extended Position Description

F

Family fork

FAN

Fast chess

FEN

FGM

Fianchetto

FICGS Grandmaster

FIDE

FIDE Master

FIDE rating

Fifty-move rule

|tright | | | | | | |xo| | | | | | | |xo| | | | | | | |xo| | | | | | | |xo| | | | | | | |xo| | | | | | | |xo| | | | | | | |xo| | | | | | | |xo| | |The f-file

File

Fingerfehler

First board

First-move advantage

First player

First rank

Fischer delay

Fischerandom

Fischer Random Chess

Fish

Fivefold repetition

Five-minute chess

Flag

Flag-fall

Flank

Flank opening

Flight square

FM

FOA

Fool's mate

Forced mate

Forced move

Forced win

Forcing move

Forfeit

Fork

Forsyth–Edwards Notation

Fortress

Frame

Friendly game

Frontier line

G

Gambit

Game clock

Game score

Gardez

GM

God

Good bishop

Grandmaster

Grandmaster draw

Greek gift sacrifice

H

Half-open file

Handicap

Hanging

Hanging pawns

Harmony

Harry

Hauptturnier

Heavy piece

|tright | | |kd| | | | | | |pd| |pd| | | | | |xo|pd|xo| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |pl|oo|pl| | | | |pl|oo|pl| | | |pl|pl| | | | |pl|pl | | | | | | |kl| |The dots indicate holes.

Hole

Home rank

Horizontal line

|tright |Horwitz vs. Harrwitz, London 1846, rd. 10, 0–1 | |rd| | | | | | |pd| |pd| | | | |kd | |bd|pd|pd| | |rd| | | | |bd|pd| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |pl| | |pl|qd |pl|pl|pl| |ql| |nl|bl |rl| | | | |rl| |kl |After 30.Qe2. Black's Horwitz bishops are aimed at White's kingside.

Horwitz bishops

Human move

Hutton pairing

Hypermodernism

I

IA

ICCA

ICCF

ICS

IGM

Illegal move

Illegal position

IM

Imbalance

Inaccuracy

Inactive

Increment

|tright | |rd|nd|bd|qd| |rd|kd| |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|bd|pd | | | |pd| |nd|pd| | | | | | | | | | | |pl|pl| | | | | | | | | |nl|pl| |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|bl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql| |rl|kl| |In the KID Fianchetto Variation (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nf3 Bg7 4.g3 0-0 5.Bg2 d6 6.0-0), both sides have Indian bishops.

Indian bishop

Indian Defense

Informal game

Initiative

Innovation

Insufficient material

Interference

Intermediate move

Intermezzo

International Arbiter

International Correspondence Chess Federation

International Grandmaster

International Master

International Woman Master

Internet chess server

Interpose

Interzonal tournament

IQP

Irregular opening

Isolani

Isolated pawn

Isolated queen pawn

|tright | |rd| |bd|qd|kd| |nd|rd |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd | | |nd| | | | | | | |bd| |pd| | | | | |bl| |pl| | | | | | | | |nl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl| | |rl |Italian bishops in the Giuoco Piano

Italian bishop

J

J'adoube

K

K

Key square

KGA

KGD

KIA

Kibitz

Kick

KID

King

King bishop

King hunt

King knight

King pawn

King pawn opening

King rook

Kingside

King walk

Knight

Knight pawn

Knight's tour

Knockout tournament

Kotov syndrome

Kriegspiel

Kt

L

Last rank

Laws of Chess

Lightning chess

Light-square bishop

Light squares

Line

Line piece

Liquidation

Long castling

Long diagonal

Long fianchetto

Long-range piece

Loose piece

Loose position

Losing a tempo

Loss

|tright | | |kl| |kd| | | | | |pl| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |rd| | | | | | | | | |rl| | | | | |Lucena position: White wins by 1.Rd1+ Ke7 2.Rd4! Ra1 3.Kc7 Rc1+ 4.Kb6 Rb1+ 5.Kc6 Rc1+ 6.Kb5 Rb1+ 7.Rb4 and the pawn queens.

Lucena position

Luft

M

Main line

Majority

Major piece

Man

|tright | |rd| |bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd |pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd| |pd | | |nd| | | |pd| | | | | | | | | | | |pl|nl|pl| | | | | | | | | | | |pl|pl| | | |pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl| |rl |A typical Maróczy Bind position

Maróczy Bind

Master

Match

Mate

Material

Materialism

Mating attack

Mating net

MCO

Middlegame

Miniature

Minor exchange

Minority

Minority attack

Minor piece

Chess symbols A bad move (indicated by "?" in chess annotation).

Mobile pawn center

Mobility

Move

Move order

Mysterious rook move

N

N

NCO

NN

Norm

Notation

Novelty

O

Occupation

Octopus

Odds

Offhand game

Olympiad

| tright | |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd |pd|pd|pd| | |pd|pd|pd | | | | | | | | | | | |pd| | | | | | | |pl| | | | | | | | | | | | |pl|pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl |The e-file is open in the French Defense, Exchange Variation after 3.exd5 exd5.

Open file

open game

Open Game

Opening

Opening innovation

Opening preparation

Opening repertoire

Opening system

Open lines

Open tournament

Opposite castling

Opposite-colored bishops

Opposition

Optimal play

OTB

Outpost

Outside passed pawn

Overextended

Overloaded

Overprotection

Over the board

Overworked

P

P

Paired bishops

Pairing

Passar battaglia

|tright | | | | | |kd| | | | |pl| | | |pd| | | | | | | |nd|pd| |pd| | |pd| | | | |pl| | | |pl| | | | | |bl| | | | | | | | |kl| | | | | | | | | | | | |White with a passed pawn on b7. Black has a passed pawn on g6. The black pawn on f7 is not passed because the white pawn on e4 is adjacent and can threaten it.

Passed pawn

Passer

Passive

Passive sacrifice

Pattern recognition

Patzer

Pawn

Pawn and move

Pawn break

|tright | |rd|nd|bd|qd| |rd|kd| |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|bd|pd | | | |pd| |nd|pd| | | | | | | | | | | |pl|pl|pl|pl| | | | |nl| | | | | |pl|pl| | | | |pl|pl |rl| |bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl |White has a large pawn center in the King's Indian Defense, Four Pawns Attack. |tright | |rd| |bd| |kd|bd|nd|rd |pd|pd| | | |pd|pd|pd | |qd|nd| |pd| | | | | | |pd|pl| | | | | |pd|pl| | | | |pl| |pl| | |nl| | | |pl| | | |pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl| |rl |Pawn chains in the French Defense, Advance Variation

Pawn center

Pawn chain

|tright |Lichtenhein vs. Morphy, 1857 |rd| | |qd|kd| | |rd |pd| |pd|bd| |pd|pd|pd | | |pd| | | | | | | |bd|pd|pl| | | | | | | |bl| | | | | | | | | | | |pl|pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl| | |rl |Black has three pawn islands and White has two. The pawn on e5 is not isolated because it is adjacent to a file that has a white pawn.

Pawn island

Pawn majority

Pawn minority

Pawn race

Pawn roller

Pawn skeleton

Pawn storm

Pawn structure

PCA

Performance rating

Perpetual check

PGN

Philidor position

Philidor sacrifices

Piece

Pin

Playable

Play by hand

Ply

|tright | |rd|nd|bd| |kd|bd| |rd | |pd| | | |pd|pd|pd |pd| | |pd|pd|nd| | | | | | | | |bl| | | | |nl|pl|pl| | | | |nl| | | | | |pl|qd|pl|ql| | |pl|pl |rl| | | |kl|bl| |rl |Black has accepted the poisoned b2-pawn with 8...Qxb2 in the Sicilian Defense, Najdorf Variation.

Poisoned pawn

Poisoned Pawn Variation

Portable Game Notation

Position

Positional play

Positional player

Positional sacrifice

Postal chess

Post mortem

PR

Premove

Preparation

Prepared variation

Principle of two weaknesses

Priyome

Problem-like

Promotion

Prophylaxis

Protected passed pawn

Protection

pruning

Pseudo sacrifice

Push

Q

Q

QGA

QGD

QID

Quad

Queen

Queen bishop

Queening

Queen knight

Queen pawn

Queen pawn opening

Queen rook

Queenside

Question

Quickplay finish

Quiet move

R

R

Rabar Classification

Raking bishops

Randomized chess

|tright | |x8| | |qd|kd| | |x1 |x7| | |pd|pd| | |x2 |x6| | | | | | |x3 |x5| | | | | | |x4 |x4| | | | | | |x5 |x3| | | | | | |x6 |x2| | |pl|pl| | |x7 |x1| | |ql|kl| | |x8 |White's ranks are indicated on the left (a-file); Black's relative reference to ranks are indicated on the right (h-file).

Rank

Rapid chess

Rating

Recapture

Refute

Related squares

Relative pin

Remis

Repertoire

Reply

Reserve tempo

Resign

Resign on time

Reverse opening

Romantic chess

Rook

Rook lift

Rook pawn

Round-robin tournament

Royal fork

Royal piece

S

S

Sac

Sacrifice

SAN

Sans voir

scalp

Scholar's mate

Score

Score sheet

Sealed move

Second

Second player

Seesaw

Semi-Closed Game

Semi-open file

Semi-Open Game

Seventy-five-move rule

Sham sacrifice

Sharp

Short castling

Shot

Simplification

Simul

Simultaneous chess

Sitzfleisch

Skewer

Skittles

Slow

Smothered mate

Sofia rules

Solid

Sortie

Sound

Space

|tright | |rd| |bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd | | |nd| | | | | | |bl| | |pd| | | | | | | |pl| | | | | | | | |nl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl| | |rl |The Spanish bishop on b5 in the Ruy Lopez

Spanish bishop

Speed chess

Spite check

Squeeze

Staircase maneuver

Stalemate

Standard notation

Starting square

Staunton chessmen

Stem game

Strategic crush

Strategy

Strong

Stronger side

Strongpoint

Strong square

Sudden death

Support point

Swap

Swindle

Swiss tournament

|tright | | | | | |rd| |kd| |pd|pd|qd|nd| |pd|pd| | | |pd| | |nd|pd| | | | |pd| | | | | | | |pl| | | | | | |pl| | |nl|pl| |pl|pl|ql|nl| |pl|pl| | | | | |rl| |kl| |Example of symmetry: 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 exd5 4.Bd3 Bd6 5.Nf3 Nf6 6.0-0 0-0 7.Bg5 Bg4 8.Re1 Nbd7 9.Nbd2 c6 10.c3 Qc7 11.Qc2 Rfe8 12.Bh4 Bh5 13.Bg3 Bxg3 14.hxg3 Bg6 15.Rxe8+ Rxe8 16.Bxg6 hxg6 17.Re1 (diagram). Capablanca–Maróczy, 1926. The game continued 17...Rxe1+ 18.Nxe1 Ne8 19.Nd3 Nd6 20.Qb3 a6 21.Kf1

Symmetry

System

T

Tabia

Tablebase

Tactician

Tactics

Takeback

Tall pawn

Tarrasch rule

TC

TD

Technique

Tempo

|tright | |rd| |bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd |pd|pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd | | |nd| | |nd| | | | | | | | | | | | | |nl|pl| | | | | |nl| | | | | |pl|pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl |rl| |bl|ql|kl|bl| |rl |This Scotch Opening position contains tension due to the knights on c6 and d4. Both knights are currently adequately defended, so neither player is forced to release the tension.

Tension

Text move

Thematic

Theme tournament

Theoretical draw

Theoretical novelty

Theory

Threat

Threefold repetition

Tiebreaks

Time

Time control

Time delay

Time pressure

TN

Top board

Touch-move rule

Tournament

Tournament book

Tournament director

Tournament Performance Rating

Trade

Transposition

|tright | |rd| |bd|qd|kd|bd| |rd |pd|pd|pd|nd| |pd|pd|pd | | | | |pd|nd| | | | | |pd| | |bl| | | |pl|pl| | | | | | |nl| | | | | |pl|pl| | |pl|pl|pl|pl |rl| | |ql|kl|bl|nl|rl |With 4...Nbd7 Black sets a trap in the QGD (1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5). White cannot win the pawn on d5 due to the Elephant Trap.

Trap

Trapped piece

|tright | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |pd|kl| | | | | |kd|pl| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Trébuchet: whoever has the move loses. 1.Kg4 Kxe4 2.Kg3 Ke3 3.Kg2 Ke2 4.Kg3 e4 5.Kf4 e3 6.Ke4 Kf2 and the black pawn will queen.

Trébuchet

Triangulation

Tripled pawns

Troitsky line

Two bishops

U

Unclear

Undermining

|tright | | | | | | | | | | | |pl|kl| | | | | | | | | | | | |kd| | | | | | | |pd| | | | | | | |pl| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |rl| | | | | | |White to move should underpromote the c7-pawn to a rook; promoting to a queen gives stalemate.

Underpromotion

United States Chess Federation

Unorthodox opening

Unpinning

Unsound

USCF

V

Vacating sacrifice

Valve

Vanished center

Variant

Variation

Vertical line

W

Waiting move

WCC

WCM

Weakness

Weak square

WFM

WGM

white

White

WIM

Win

Windmill

Wing

|tright | |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd |pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd | | | | | | | | | | |pd| | | | | | |pl| | |pl| | | | | | | | | | | |pl| |pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl |Wing Gambit in the Sicilian Defense

Wing Gambit

Winning percentage

Another way of calculating the winning percentage is by taking the percentage of games won by a player plus half the percentage of drawn games. Thus, if out of 100 games a player wins 40 percent, draws 32 percent, and loses 28 percent, the winning percentage is 40 plus half of 32, i.e. 56 percent.}}

Winning position

Woman Candidate Master

Woman FIDE Master

Woman Grandmaster

Woman International Master

Won game

Wood

Woodpusher

World Champion

Wrong bishop

|tright | | |kd| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |kl| | | | | | | |pl| | | | | | | | | | |bl| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A wrong rook pawn at a5 with a wrong-colored bishop. In this position, White cannot force promotion and Black can force a draw.

Wrong rook pawn

X

|tright |Example of an X-ray defense | | | |ql| | |kd| | | | | | |pd|pd|pd | | | | | | | | | | | |rd| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |qd| | | | |pl|pl|pl | | | |rl| |kl| | |The white queen has just put the king in check, and the white rook provides an X-ray defense of the white queen.

X-ray

Z

Zeitnot

Zonal tournaments

Zugzwang

Zwischenschach

Zwischenzug

References

Sources

• (1989 reprint by Chartwell Books, )

References

1. "What are arena tournaments?". [[Chess.com]].
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