Glen Keane

Early life

Keane was born in Philadelphia, the son of cartoonist Bil Keane, creator of The Family Circus, and Australian-born Thelma Keane (née Carne). He grew up in Paradise Valley, Arizona next to Scottsdale, as a Catholic.

Keane's interest in art developed from observing his father's work as a cartoonist. (Keane's father based his Family Circus character of Billy on Glen's younger self.) To encourage Glen to draw, his father gave him a copy of Burne Hogarth's Dynamic Anatomy, and recommended he observe body forms and practice creative approaches to life drawing.

After graduating from high school at Brophy College Preparatory in Phoenix in 1972, Keane applied to the California Institute of the Arts School of Art in Santa Clarita, southwest of Palmdale, rather than accepting a football scholarship to another college. His application was accidentally sent to the Program in Experimental Animation (then called Film Graphics), where he was mentored by Jules Engel.

Career

Keane left CalArts in 1974 and joined Disney the same year, where he spent three years working with veteran animator Ollie Johnston on the characters Bernard and Penny in The Rescuers. He then animated Elliott the Dragon in Pete's Dragon, and the climactic bear showdown in The Fox and the Hound.

In 1982, inspired by the groundbreaking film Tron, Keane collaborated with animator John Lasseter (Toy Story, Toy Story 2) on a 30-second test scene of Maurice Sendak's Where the Wild Things Are, which was optioned for them by Disney executive Tom Wilhite. The test integrated traditional character animation and computer-generated backgrounds (), and, like Tron, was a collaboration with MAGI. It was Disney's first experiment with digitally-drawn characters. Although the project was revolutionary (and became a predecessor to the famous ballroom scene in Beauty and the Beast), Disney declined to invest further in the featurette due to its cost.

In 1983, Keane left contract employment with Disney and worked as a freelance artist. He animated the character Professor Ratigan in Disney's The Great Mouse Detective; the "Boys and Girls of Rock n' Roll" and "Getting Lucky" in The Chipmunk Adventure; and the characters Fagin, Sykes, Jenny Foxworth, and Georgette in Oliver & Company.

He became a lead character animator, one of the group of young animators mentored by "Disney's Nine Old Men". Keane animated some of Disney's most memorable characters in what has been called the "New "Golden Age" of Disney Animation. He designed and animated the character of Ariel in the film The Little Mermaid (1989), and the eagle Marahute in The Rescuers Down Under. He was supervising animator for the title characters of the three Disney hit features Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, and Pocahontas. While living with his family in Paris for three years, Keane completed work on Disney's 1999 Tarzan, for which he drew the eponymous character. He returned to Disney's studio in Burbank, California as the lead animator for John Silver in Treasure Planet.

In 2003, he began work as the director of Disney's animated film Tangled (based on the Brothers Grimm story Rapunzel), released in November 2010, where Keane and his team strove to bring the style and warmth of traditional animation to computer animation. In October 2008, due to "non-life-threatening health issues", Keane stepped back as director of Tangled, but remained the film's executive producer and an animating director.

On March 23, 2012, Keane left Walt Disney Animation Studios after 37 years there. In a letter to his coworkers, he said, "I owe so much to those great animators who mentored me–Eric Larson, Frank Thomas, and Ollie Johnston –as well as to the many other wonderful people at Disney whom I have been fortunate to work with in the past nearly 38 years. I am convinced that animation really is the ultimate form of our time with endless new territories to explore. I can’t resist its siren call to step out and discover them." He later said that one of the reasons he left Disney was his experience during the production of Tangled, which underwent several storyline and title changes. He felt that in a big studio like Disney, there were too many conflicting interests, with management pulling people "in too many different directions".

In December 2013, it was announced that Keane joined Motorola's Advanced Technology and Projects Group to help its engineers create interactive hand-drawn animation. He released his first animated short, Duet, at the Google I/O Conference in San Francisco on June 25, 2014. It is the first hand-drawn cartoon made at 60 frames per second, and the third in a series of shorts, called the Spotlight Stories, designed to explore spatial awareness and the sensory inputs of a mobile device to create distinctive storytelling experiences. When Google sold its Motorola subsidiary in early 2014, Keane and his group remained there.

In 2015, it was revealed that Keane and 16 other prominent artists and filmmakers had been hired by the Paris Opera to work on their 3rd Stage project. Keane is the creator of the animated short Nephtali (a reference to Jacob's blessings and Psalm 42), on which he collaborated with choreographer and ballet dancer Marion Barbeau.

In addition to his work as an animator, Keane has written and illustrated a series of children's books based on Bible parables, featuring the characters Adam Raccoon and King Aren the Lion. Keane directed the Chinese animated film Over the Moon, about a girl who builds a rocket and flies to the moon to meet a legendary moon goddess. Written by Audrey Wells, produced by Pearl Studio, and animated by Sony Pictures Imageworks, it was released on Netflix on October 23, 2020.

At the 2018 Academy Awards, Keane shared the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film with Kobe Bryant for Dear Basketball, which was based on a poem Bryant wrote on his retirement. On May 26, 2018 Keane received the 2017 Reuben Award for the Cartoonist of the Year in his hometown of Philadelphia.

Personal life

In 1975, during the production of his debut film, Keane married Linda Hesselroth. They are the parents of author and illustrator Claire Keane and animator Max Keane.

Keane has been cited as an artist with aphantasia, a condition characterized by an inability to form mental images. He is a Christian.

Filmography

Publications

References

References

1. (8 December 2017). "Tale as Old as Time".
2. Ghez, Didier. (Fall 1998). "Glen Keane: An Interview". Animation Journal.
3. Stefani, Stephanie. "Notable Alumni". Brophy College Preparatory.
4. (November 2007). "To infinity and beyond!: the story of Pixar Animation Studios". Chronicle Books.
5. "A Critical History of Computer Graphics and Animation".
6. Ghez, Didier, [http://www.aimeemajor.com/anim/dkeane.html "Interview with Glen Keane"]. Walt Disney Feature Animation France, Montreuil: May 2, 1997 retrieved 2008-08-10
7. Ghez, Didier. (2011). "Walt's People: Talking Disney With the Artists Who Knew Him". Xlibris.
8. ''[http://www.aintitcool.com/node/38686 Glen Keane leaving Disney's RAPUNZEL. Who's stepping up?], Disney in-house memo, Ain't It Cool News, October 9, 2008''
9. Anderson, Paul. (March 25, 2012). "Glen Keane quits Disney Animation after 38 years". Big Cartoon News.
10. [https://www.insider.com/how-glen-keane-went-from-disney-netflix How Glen Keane went from Disney to Netflix to direct - Insider]
11. [http://motorolaspotlightstories.com/post/70547431424/disney-legend-glen-keane-joins-spotlight-stories Disney legend Glen Keane joins Spotlight Stories] {{webarchive. link. (February 3, 2014)
12. [http://www.cartoonbrew.com/experimental/its-official-glen-keane-will-make-interactive-hand-drawn-short-film-for-motorola-93026.html It’s Official: Glen Keane Joins Motorola to Direct Interactive Hand-Drawn Short Film]
13. [https://variety.com/2014/film/awards/veteran-animator-glen-keane-on-his-duet-with-google-1201370375/ Veteran Animator Glen Keane on His ‘Duet’ With Google]
14. Koch, Dave. (June 28, 2014). "Glen Keane's Animated Poem Duet". Big Cartoon News.
15. Finley, Klint. (June 30, 2014). "Motorola's 'Mad Science' Department Will Stay With Google".
16. [http://www.awn.com/news/glen-keane-creates-nephtali-short-paris-opera Glen Keane Creates ‘Nephtali' Short for the Paris Opera]
17. (February 6, 2018). "Glen Keane Will Direct 'Over The Moon' For Pearl Studio And Netflix".
18. (February 6, 2018). "Disney Animator Glen Keane to Direct Netflix's Over the Moon".
19. [https://www.awn.com/animationworld/pearl-studio-enters-world-stage-full-slate-features-annecy-studio-focus-session Pearl Studio Enters the World Stage with Full Slate of Features at Annecy Studio Focus Session]
20. Mumford, Gwilym. (2018-03-05). "Kobe Bryant's Dear Basketball wins best animated short film at Oscars 2018".
21. National Cartoonists Society. (2018-05-30). "2017 Reuben Award Winner: Glen Keane".
22. (2020). "Alumni in the News". American School Of Paris.
23. Lavelle, Daniel. (April 10, 2019). "Aphantasia: why a Disney animator draws a blank on his own creations". [[The Guardian]].
24. Gallagher, James. (9 April 2019). "Aphantasia: Ex-Pixar chief Ed Catmull says 'my mind's eye is blind'". BBC News.
25. MacKissack, Matthew. (21 June 2021). "The art of Aphantasia: how 'mind blind' artists create without being able to visualise". [[The Conversation (website).
26. Paluso, Marianne. (29 March 2011). "Once Upon A Time". [[Christianity Today]].
27. Bass, Abigail. (8 December 2017). "Tale as Old as Time". [[The Gideons International]].