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Gintonin

Protein found in ginseng

Field	Value
image	File:Gintonin structure.jpg
caption	Gintonin bound to lysophosphatidic acid C18:2. (a) Superposition of ginseng major latex-like protein 151 (GLP;green) and the lowest energy major latex protein 28 conformer (yellow). The mutated residues in GLP are represented by red sticks. (b) The electrostatic molecular surface of GLP modelled with LPA C18:2 in close conformation. The positions of the residues that recognize LPA C18:2 are labelled.
UniProt	B5THI3
Name	Major latex-like protein
Symbol	mlp151
Organism	Panax ginseng

Gintonin is a glycolipoprotein fraction isolated from Panax ginseng. The non-saponin ingredient was designated as gintonin, where gin was derived from ginseng, ton from the tonic effects of ginseng, and in from protein. The main component of gintonin is a complex of lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) and ginseng proteins such as ginseng major latex-like protein151 (GLP151) and ginseng ribonuclease-like storage protein.

GLP151 is a first plant-derived LPA binding protein as one of Bet v 1 superfamily. GLP151 has a LPA binding domain on H147 and H148 at C-terminal. These two histidine residues bind to phosphate group of LPA.

Biological action

Gintonin is believed to act by delivering LPA to lysophospholipid receptors, which are high affinity and selective target receptors. In animal cell cultures, gintonin induces [Ca2+] transients via activation of the said receptor.

One Korean study claims that gintonin is orally active in rodents and shows anti-Alzheimer's disease effects through LPA receptor-mediated non-amyloidogenic pathways.{{Cite journal

A number of other effects are attributed to oral administration of gintonin-enriched extract in rodents.

References

(2015). "Structure of ginseng major latex-like protein 151 and its proposed lysophosphatidic acid-binding mechanism". Acta Crystallographica Section D.
(2011). "Novel Glycolipoproteins from Ginseng". Journal of Ginseng Research.
(2012). "Gintonin, newly identified compounds from ginseng, is novel lysophosphatidic acids-protein complexes and activates G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid receptors with high affinity". Molecules and Cells.
(2015). "Oral Administration of Gintonin Attenuates Cholinergic Impairments by Scopolamine, Amyloid-β Protein, and Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease". Molecules and Cells.
(2017). "Gintonin attenuates depressive-like behaviors associated with alcohol withdrawal in mice". J Affect Disord.
(2017). "Effects of Gintonin-Enriched Fraction in an Atopic Dermatitis Animal Model: Involvement of Autotaxin Regulation". Biol Pharm Bull.
(2012). "Suppression of metastasis of intravenously-inoculated B16/F10 melanoma cells by the novel ginseng-derived ingredient, gintonin: Involvement of autotaxin inhibition". International Journal of Oncology.

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glycolipids

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