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George of Trebizond

Byzantine Greek philosopher, scholar and humanist

Summary

Byzantine Greek philosopher, scholar and humanist

Field	Value
name	George of Trebizond
image	Portret van Georg Trapezuntius, RP-P-1909-4357.jpg
caption	Portrait of George of Trebizond by Johann Theodor de Bry
native_name	Γεώργιος Τραπεζούντιος
native_name_lang	Greek
birth_date	1395
birth_place	Crete
death_date
death_place	Rome, Italy

George of Trebizond (; 1395–1486) was a Byzantine Greek philosopher, scholar, and humanist.

Life

He was born on the Greek island of Crete (then a Venetian colony known as the Kingdom of Candia), and derived his surname Trapezuntius (Τραπεζούντιος) from the fact that his ancestors were from the Byzantine Greek Trapezuntine Empire.

When he went to Italy is not certain; according to some accounts he was summoned to Venice about 1430 to act as amanuensis to Francesco Barbaro, who appears to have already made his acquaintance; according to others he did not visit Italy until the time of the Council of Florence (1438–1439).

He learned Latin from Vittorino da Feltre, and made such rapid progress that in three years he was able to teach Latin literature and rhetoric. His reputation as a teacher and a translator of Aristotle was very great, and he was selected as secretary by Pope Nicholas V, an ardent Aristotelian. The bitterness of his attacks upon Plato (in the Comparatio Aristotelis et Platonis of 1458, described by historian James Hankins as "one of the most remarkable mixtures of learning and lunacy ever penned"), which drew forth a powerful response from Bessarion (In calumniatorem Platonis, printed in 1469) and the manifestly hurried and inaccurate character of his translations of Plato, Aristotle and other classical authors, combined to ruin his fame as a scholar, and to endanger his position as a teacher of philosophy. (Pope Pius II was among the critics of George's translations.) The indignation against George on account of his first-named work was so great that he would probably have been compelled to leave Italy had not Alfonso V of Aragon given him protection at the court of Naples.

Title page from a 1528 copy of Ptolemy's "Almagestum," translated to Latin from Greek by Trebizond — Ptolemy's]] "Almagestum," translated to Latin from Greek by Trebizond

He subsequently returned to Rome, where in 1471 he published a very successful Latin grammar based on the work of another Greek grammarian of Latin, Priscian. Additionally, an earlier work on Greek rhetorical principles garnered him wide recognition, even from his former critics who admitted his brilliance and scholarship. He died in great poverty in 1486 in Rome.

His son, Andrea of Trebizond (da Trebisonda) was also a classic scholar and translator in Rome.

Works

Rhetoricorum libri V. A synthesis of the Rhetorica ad Herennium and the Hermogenean corpus.
Isagoge dialectica.
De artificio Ciceronianae orationis pro Quinto Ligario.
Rhetoricorum. A translation of Aristotle's Rhetoric.

For a complete list of his numerous works, consisting of translations from Greek into Latin (Plato, Aristotle and the Fathers) and original essays in Greek (chiefly theological) and Latin (grammatical and rhetorical), see Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graeca (ed. Harles), xii.

References

Page from Book X of George of Trebizond's Commentary on the Almagest. On the left, is a model of the planet Mercury, showing its closest approach to the earth; on the right, is information about Mercury and the beginning of his commentary on the planet Venus. — Page from Book X of George of Trebizond's ''Commentary on the [[Almagest]]''. On the left, is a model of the planet Mercury, showing its closest approach to the earth; on the right, is information about Mercury and the beginning of his commentary on the planet Venus.

References

"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: George of Trebizond".
Mack, Peter. (2011). "A history of Renaissance rhetoric, 1380-1620". Oxford University Press.
Hanegraaff, Wouter. (2012). "Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culture". Cambridge University Press.
Scifoni, Felice. (1849). "Dizionario biografico universale". David Passigli.
Lawrence D. Green, James J. Murphy. (2006). "Renaissance rhetoric short title catalogue, 1460-1700". Ashgate.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

1395-births 1486-deaths 15th-century-byzantine-writers 15th-century-greek-philosophers scholars-from-crete kingdom-of-candia converts-to-roman-catholicism-from-eastern-orthodoxy greek-renaissance-humanists greek–latin-translators italian-people-of-greek-descent amanuenses 15th-century-writers-from-the-republic-of-venice 15th-century-greek-writers 15th-century-greek-educators greek-latinists

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