Geoffroea decorticans

Morphology

The common name Chilean palo verde comes from the mottled green color of the trunks but does not seriously resemble Cercidium. The chañar tends to be quite upright with a spreading canopy with both straight and mildly curving trunks. As trees mature the trunks and branches take on a sculptural quality with long longitudinal, irregular ridges and valleys. Along with this undulating trunk, large flakes of the bark peel off or decorticate (hence the species name decorticans). The peeling tan to brown bark is eventually shed revealing the dark green, "immature" trunk beneath. The contrasting colors and textures created by this puzzle-piece pattern make the tree visually fascinating.

The flowers are very visible, small, papery and yellow-coloured. The tree flowers in spring, either singly or in clusters. Geoffroea decorticans is unique among legumes in that it produces fleshy, oval pods that hold a single seed. Fruit are initially green but turn deep orange as they mature.

Distribution and habitat

The tree inhabits dry to arid spiniferous forests in a rather broad area of southern South America which extends mainly through I to IV regions of Chile and central and northern Argentina and throughout highland Bolivia, though it is also found in Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Its companions conforming the forest are usually algarrobos, quebrachos, and the related and very abundant cavens. The species is in some areas associated with woody plant encroachment.

In Chile, G. decorticans grows in USDA climate zones 8b to 10, and withstands short frosts as low as –13 °C. The latter is the record low temperature for Santiago del Estero, Argentina, where G. decorticans occurs naturally. It is adapted to desert conditions and can withstand temperatures in excess of 40 °C.

Usage

The seeds and fruit, being edible, are valued as human and animal feed, and the yellow wood is suitable for carpentry and furniture making once dry. It is also used as fuel and to make cheap posts for fences. The fruits are very commonly used for both culinary and medical purposes in the processed form of chañar arrope. Extremely sweet, dark and thick, this is very similar to honey or vegetable molasses and is used in their place. It is locally known to alleviate sore throats and coughing.

References

References

1. Ireland H, Pennington RT. (2013). "A revision of ''Geoffroea'' (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae)". [[Edinburgh Journal of Botany]].
2. [http://www.aridzonetrees.com/AZT%20Interactive%20Buttons/Tree%20Index/Cut%20sheets/Geoffroea/Geoffroea%20decorticans.htm ''G. decorticans''] {{Webarchive. link. (2007-10-06 . Arid Zone Trees)
3. (2020-10-05). "Characterization of the herbaceous layer in woody thickets of Geoffroea decorticans in central Pampean grasslands". Phytocoenologia.
4. Eynard C, Galetto L.. (2002). "Pollination ecology of ''Geoffroea decorticans'' (Fabaceae) in central Argentine dry forest". [[Journal of Arid Environments]].
5. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070223231403/http://www.turismosalta.gov.ar/paginas/gourmet/recetas.asp Cocina regional del norte argentino]. turismosalta.gov.ar