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Geniohyoid muscle

Muscle of the head

Muscle of the head

FieldValue
NameGeniohyoid muscle
Latinmusculus geniohyoideus
ImageGeniohyoid muscle.PNG
CaptionAnterior view. Geniohyoid muscle labeled at upper center left
Image2Geniohyoideus.png
Caption2Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side.
OriginInferior mental spine of mandible
InsertionHyoid bone
BloodBranches of the lingual artery.
NerveC1 via the hypoglossal nerve
ActionCarry hyoid bone and the tongue upward during deglutition

The geniohyoid muscle is a narrow paired muscle situated superior to the medial border of the mylohyoid muscle. It is named for its passage from the chin ("genio-" is a standard prefix for "chin") to the hyoid bone.

Structure

The geniohyoid is a paired short muscle that arises from the inferior mental spine, on the back of the mandibular symphysis, and runs backward and slightly downward, to be inserted into the anterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone.

Innervation

The geniohyoid muscle is innervated by fibres from the first cervical spinal nerve travelling alongside the hypoglossal nerve. Although the first three cervical nerves give rise to the ansa cervicalis, the geniohyoid muscle is said to be innervated by the first cervical nerve, as some of its efferent fibers do not contribute to ansa cervicalis.

Variations

It may be blended with the one on opposite side or double; slips to greater cornu of hyoid bone and genioglossus occur.

Function

The geniohyoid muscle brings the hyoid bone forward and upwards. This dilates the upper airway, assisting respiration. During the first act of deglutition, when the mass of food is being driven from the mouth into the pharynx, the hyoid bone, and with it the tongue, is carried upward and forward by the anterior bellies of the Digastrici, the Mylohyoidei, and Geniohyoidei. It also assists in depressing the mandible.

History

The inclined position of the geniohyoid muscle has been contrasted to the horizontal position in neanderthals.

Additional images

File:Gray186.png|Illustration of the hyoid bone showing the insertion point of the geniohyoid muscle File:Gray994.png|Sagittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx. File:Slide1ss.JPG|Geniohyoid muscle File:Slide4ss.JPG|Geniohyoid muscle File:Slide9ss.JPG|Geniohyoid muscle

References

References

  1. "Genio-". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
  2. (2020). "Gray's Anatomy for Students".
  3. (May 2024). "Essentials of anatomy". Jaypee Bros..
  4. (December 2002). "Breathing modes, body positions, and suprahyoid muscle activity". Journal of Orthodontics.
  5. (2005). "Gray's anatomy for students". Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone.
  6. (January 2012). "Articulatory capacity of Neanderthals, a very recent and human-like fossil hominin". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences.
Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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