Garza County, Texas

History

Indigenous peoples of the Americas were the first inhabitants of the area, with evidence from around 2000 BC. Later inhabitants were the Kiowa and Comanche.

In 1875, W. C. Young of Fort Worth and Irishman Ben Galbraith of Illinois established the beginnings of the Curry Comb Ranch in the northwestern part of Garza County.

Garza County was formed in 1876 from Bexar County, and named for Lieutenant Joseph de la Garza and his family who were prominent in Bexar County and decedened from José Antonio de la Garza.

By 1880, the county census count was 36 people. The Square and Compass Ranch was started 2 years later by the Nave and McCord Cattle Company. They put up the first barbed-wire fence in 1884. That same year, OS Ranch was founded by brothers Andrew J. and Frank M. Long of Lexington, Kentucky. The county's population reached 185 persons by the last year of the 19th century. Post was founded in 1907 as a utopian venture by, and named for, cereal king C.W. Post. From 1909 to 1913, C.W. Post built a cotton gin and a cotton mill, and attempted to improve agriculture production through rainmaking, involving the heavy use of explosives fired from kites and towers along the rim of the Caprock Escarpment.

In 1926, oil was discovered in the county. Quanah and Bryan Maxey discovered a 16-foot-long tusk of a prehistoric imperial mammoth in 1934. This tusk is currently located in the American Museum of Natural History, New York City.

In 1957, a prehistoric Indian site was recorded at Cowhead Mesa by Emmet Shedd of Post. In 1960–1965, South Plains Archaeological Society excavations of Cowhead Mesa found artifacts to date inhabitation back to 2000 BC.

The most important businesses in the county by 1980 were agribusiness, oil and gas extraction, and textile mills.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 896 sqmi, of which 893 sqmi are land and 2.8 sqmi (0.3%) are covered by water. It is located southeast of Lubbock in the Canyonlands of the Llano Estacado Escarpment.

Major roads and highways

• [[File:US 84.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 84
• [[File:US 380.svg|25px]] U.S. Highway 380
• [[File:Texas 207.svg|20px]] State Highway 207
• [[File:Texas FM 669.svg|20px]] Farm to Market Road 669

Adjacent counties

• Crosby County (north)
• Dickens County (northeast)
• Kent County (east)
• Scurry County (southeast)
• Borden County (south)
• Lynn County (west)
• Lubbock County (northwest)

Demographics

|align-fn=center 1850–2010 2010 2020

Racial and ethnic composition

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 5,816. The median age was 40.4 years. 17.7% of residents were under the age of 18 and 14.6% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 182.9 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 204.3 males age 18 and over.

The racial makeup of the county was 74.4% White, 5.1% Black or African American, 0.6% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.5% Asian,

There were 1,636 households in the county, of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 50.5% were married-couple households, 19.6% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 24.9% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 2,126 housing units, of which 23.0% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 72.2% were owner-occupied and 27.8% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4% and the rental vacancy rate was 12.1%.

2000 census

As of the 2000 census, 4,872 people, 1,663 households, and 1,217 families resided in the county. The population density was 5 /mi2. The 1,928 housing units averaged 2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 56.7% White, 4.8 African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 17.1% from other races, and 3.00% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 37.2% of the population.

Of the 1,663 households, 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were not families. About 23.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the county, the population was distributed as 28.00% under the age of 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 28.60% from 25 to 44, 21.30% from 45 to 64, and 14.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $27,206, and for a family was $31,173. Males had a median income of $26,604 versus $18,105 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,704. About 17.50% of families and 22.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.6% of those under age 18 and 18.6% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

City

• Post (county seat)

Unincorporated communities

• Close City
• Justiceburg
• Southland

Politics

Republican Drew Springer, Jr., a businessman from Muenster in Cooke County, has since January 2013 represented Garza County in the Texas House of Representatives.

Education

School districts serving the county include:

• Crosbyton Consolidated Independent School District
• Post Independent School District
• Southland Independent School District

The county is in the service area of South Plains College.

References

References

1. (October 1, 2003). "Census of Population and Housing, 2000 [United States]: County-to-County Worker Flow Files".
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties.
3. (2008). "Texas: Individual County Chronologies". [[Newberry Library.
4. Leffler, John. (June 15, 2010). "Garza County, Texas". Texas State Historical Association.
5. Holden, William Curry. (June 12, 2010). "Curry Comb Ranch". Texas State Historical Association.
6. Orozco, Cynthia E. (June 15, 2010). "José Antonio de la Garza". Texas State Historical Association.
7. Gannett, Henry. (1905). "The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States". Govt. Print. Off..
8. Holden, William Curry. (June 15, 2010). "Square and Compass Ranch". Texas State Historical Association.
9. Woolley, Bryan. (2004). "Texas Road Trip". Texas Christian University Press.
10. "Post, Texas". Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC.
11. Pearce, William M. (June 15, 2010). "Charles William Post". Texas State Historical Association.
12. (Sep–Oct 1985). "Alumni Notes". The Alcalde.
13. Howard, Margaret Ann. (June 12, 2010). "Cowhead Mesa". Texas State Historical Association.
14. (August 22, 2012). "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau.
15. "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decade". [[US Census Bureau]].
16. "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010". Texas Almanac.
17. "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Garza County, Texas".
18. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Garza County, Texas".
19. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Garza County, Texas".
20. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)".
21. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)".
22. (2023). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)".
23. "U.S. Census website". [[United States Census Bureau]].
24. "State Rep. Springer announces district tour July 30". [[Lubbock Avalanche-Journal]], July 16, 2013.
25. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".
26. (November 5, 2024). "2024 Senate Election (Official Returns)".
27. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Garza County, TX". [[U.S. Census Bureau]].
28. [https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.130.htm Texas Education Code, Sec. 130.198. SOUTH PLAINS COLLEGE DISTRICT SERVICE AREA.]