Galgano Guidotti

Legend

The son of a feudal lord, Galgano became a knight, and is said to have led a riotous life before his conversion.

According to legend, while on the road near Siena, his horse threw him into the dust. An invisible angel lifted him to his feet and led him to Monte Siepi, a rugged hill close to his home town of Chiusdino. In a vision, he saw a round temple on the hill, with Jesus and Mary surrounded by the Apostles. The angel urged him to repent his sins, but Galgano protested that he could no more do this than to split a rock with a sword. To prove his point, he drew his blade and thrust at the stony ground, but the sword slid easily into the living rock, where it remains stuck fast to this day.

Galgano settled on the hill as a poor hermit. He befriended wild animals, and once, when the Devil sent a wicked monk to kill him, the wild wolves brought down the killer and gnawed his bones. He died in 1181 aged 33 years.

Canonization and veneration

In 1184, a round chapel was built over his tomb as in his vision; many pilgrims visited and miracles were claimed. The canonization process to declare Galgano a saint started in 1185, only a few years after his death, and was the first conducted with a formal process by the Roman Church. Galgano's life was documented in the canonization process,Inquisitio in partibus, transcribed by Sigismondo Tizio in Historiae Senenses and transcribed in "Analecta Toscana IV; Der Einsiedler Galgano von chiusino und die Anfange von San Galgano" by Fedor Schneider (1914–1924). as well as in Vitae: Legenda beati Galgani, Legenda beati Galgani confessoris, Leggenda di Sancto Galgano, Vita sancti Galgani de Senis, and Vita beati Galgani.

In 1184, Cistercian monks took over Montesiepi at the request of Hugh, bishop of Volterra, and most of Galgano's monks scattered over Tuscany and became Augustinian hermits. By 1220, San Galgano Abbey, a large Cistercian monastery, had been built below Galgano's hermitage: he was then claimed and recognized as a Cistercian saint. His cult was lively in Siena and Volterra, where numerous representations survive. The ruins of his hermitage can still be seen, while his cloak is kept in the church of Santuccio at Siena.

The sword in the stone

The sword in the stone relic can be seen at the Rotonda at Montesiepi, near the ruins of the Abbey of San Galgano. An analysis of the protruding metal handle done in 2001 by Luigi Garlaschelli confirmed that the "composition of the metal and the style are compatible with the era of the legend". The analysis also confirmed that the upper piece and the invisible lower one are authentic and belong to one and the same artifact.

In a season 7 episode of TV series, Forged in Fire, bladesmiths recreated "Excalibur", a medieval broadsword believed to be inspired by Galgano's story. An episode of Ancient X-Files examined the sword in the stone and the connections between it, St Galgano, Sir Gawain, and King Arthur.

References

Footnotes

Citations

References

1. Weinstein, Donald. (1982). "Saints & society : the two worlds of western Christendom, 1000-1700". University of Chicago Press.
2. (2013). "Art & Architecture: Tuscany". H.F.Ullmann Publishing.
3. As reported by A. Vauchez in "La santità nel medioevo", Il Mulino, Bologna, 1989
4. Codice Laurenziano, 14th century
5. Codice di Siena, 15th century
6. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, cod. Chigi M. V. 118, 15th century.
7. Codice di Veroli, 15th century.
8. Codice Laurenziano, 15th century.
9. “Galgano” in David Hugh Farmer, ''Oxford Dictionary of Saints'' (Oxford University Press, 1997)
10. Carroll, Rory. (2001-09-16). "Tuscany's Excalibur is the real thing, say scientists".
11. Chodyński, Antoni Romuald. (2014). "Fasciculi Archaeologiae Historicae. Fasc. 27 (2014)". Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of Polish Academy of Sciences.
12. "Watch The Sword in the Stone Full Episode - Forged in Fire".
13. "Ancient X-File v The Sword In The Stone".