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G12/G13 alpha subunits

InterPro Family

InterPro Family

FieldValue
Nameguanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha 12
HGNCid4380
SymbolGNA12
EntrezGene2768
OMIM604394
RefSeqNM_007353
UniProtQ03113
Chromosome7
Armp
Band22.3

G12/G13 alpha subunits are alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins that link cell surface G protein-coupled receptors primarily to guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Together, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of G protein alpha subunits. G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to GTP but inactive and associated with the G beta-gamma complex when bound to GDP. G12/G13 are not targets of pertussis toxin or cholera toxin, as are other classes of G protein alpha subunits.

G proteins G12 and G13 regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling in cells during movement and migration, including cancer cell metastasis. G13 is also essential for receptor tyrosine kinase-induced migration of fibroblast and endothelial cells.

Genes

  • GNA12 ()
  • GNA13

References

References

  1. (1996). "Signaling by the G12 class of G proteins". Cell. Signal..
  2. (1991). "G alpha 12 and G alpha 13 subunits define a fourth class of G protein alpha subunits". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A..
  3. (1987). "G proteins: transducers of receptor-generated signals". Annual Review of Biochemistry.
  4. (1995). "Nobel Lecture: Signal transduction: Evolution of an idea". Bioscience Reports.
  5. (1996). "Distinct biochemical properties of the native members of the G12 G-protein subfamily. Characterization of G alpha 12 purified from rat brain". Biochem. J..
  6. (2006). "G proteins G12 and G13 control the dynamic turnover of growth factor-induced dorsal ruffles". J. Biol. Chem..
  7. (2006). "The G protein G alpha(13) is required for growth factor-induced cell migration". Dev. Cell.
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g-proteins peripheral-membrane-proteins
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