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Frum

Yiddish word for a devout Jew

Yiddish word for a devout Jew

Note

the term for Jewish piety

Frum () is a word that describes Jewish religious devotion.

The term connotes the observance of Jewish religious law in a way that often exceeds its bare requirements. This not only includes the careful study of Torah, daily prayers, observing Shabbat, kashrut, and the rules of tzniut, and performing deeds of loving-kindness, but also many more customs and khumrot (prohibitions or obligations in Jewish life that exceed the requirements of Halakha).{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times

The term frum contrasts with frei (), which describes Jews who do not practice Orthodox observance.

Meaning

Frum positive sense for 'pious', 'devout', 'God-fearing', and 'upright'. The phrase frum and ehrlich captures the positive connotations of these words, to mean roughly 'upright' or 'righteous' (see tzadik).

The question "is s/he frum?" asks whether the person is religious.{{cite news

Derived terms

In Yinglish, frummer is used both as a noun for 'one who is frum' and as a comparative adjective, i.e. 'more frum'.{{cite web

Frummer can also have a negative connotation, similar to chasid shoteh ('pious idiot'), which is how the Talmud (Sotah 21B) describes a man who sees a woman drowning but refuses to save her, saying: "It is not proper to look at her, and rescue her." A frummer in that sense is a person displaying a disproportionate emphasis on technical aspects of religion of one's daily life in a manner which actually violates the halakha in a specific case. (See Pikuach nefesh.) Another term with this meaning is frummie.

A person who is frum from birth (FFB) was born into a frum household and has remained observant.{{cite web

The Frumba exercise program originated in Chicago as a derivation of the dance-based fitness program Zumba. Frumba classes are offered exclusively to women who observe frum forms of tzniut modesty laws, featuring music with less explicit lyrics.

Mode of dress

Frum Jews are expected to dress in gender-specific, modest, low-cut clothing adherent to standards outlined by Jewish religious law. Women dress in loose skirts and dresses that cover their arms and legs.{{cite web |website=The New York Times |date=November 2, 2017

In addition to the tzniut style of dress, many frum Jews are identifiable by their traditional clothing. Rekels, shtreimels, and other distinct Ashkenazi Jewish garb have become mainstream religious clothing across ethnic divisions.

References

References

  1. Miller, Marjorie. (July 25, 1997). "Freier". [[Los Angeles Times]].
  2. Roniger, L.. (1992). "From pioneer to freier: the changing models". European Journal of Sociology.
  3. Rabbi Julian Sinclair. (November 5, 2008). "Frum". The Jewish Chronicle.
  4. (2016). "Handbook of Jewish Languages". Koninklijke Brill NV.
  5. (1950). "דער אוצר פון דער יידישער שפראך (Der oytser fun der Yidisher shprakh)". Yidisher Ṿisenshafṭlekher Insṭiṭuṭ.
  6. "פֿרום (Adjective)".
  7. [[Sarah Bunin Benor]]. (2012). "Becoming Frum: How Newcomers Learn the Language and Culture". Rutgers University Press.
  8. Susan Jo Keller. (September 20, 1998). "Seeing the Light". [[The New York Times]].
  9. "JUF News : Tziporah Gelman -- 2013".
  10. Blomquist, Mala. (14 November 2022). "Scottsdale joins international celebration of Shabbat".
  11. "What Is A Kippah?".
  12. Laurie Novick. (12 September 2019). "What is Tzeniut?".
  13. "Sephardic Rabbis in Ashkenazic Garb!!!".
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