Friends of Syria Group

History, purpose

The group was initiated by then-French president Nicolas Sarkozy, with the purpose to find a solution to the Syrian conflict, after Russia and China had vetoed a 4 February 2012 UN Security Council resolution. Its first meeting took place on 24 February 2012 in Tunisia. The second meeting took place the same year on 1 April in Istanbul, Turkey. The third meeting of the Friends of Syria took place in Paris in early July 2012. The fourth summit took place in Marrakesh in December 2012.

Inaugural conference in Tunisia

On 24 February 2012, the Friends of Syria met for the first time, in Tunis. Then U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. officials Anne-Marie Slaughter and Michael Hirsh advocated that Turkey, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Jordan would be able to create "no-kill zones", and argued that Syria was more central to American interests than Libya had been. The Syrian National Council featured prominently at the conference, and issued a seven-point list of demands, among which,

Istanbul conference

Seventy nations participated in the conference held on 1 April 2012 to support Syrian opposition and increase pressure on the Syrian government. The Syrian National Council claiming the opposition is now united called for "serious action" and said they will "take charge of the payment of fixed salaries of Free Syrian Army". The Turkish PM defended what he called "Syrians' right to self-defence" and demanded the international community to speak up for the Syrian people. "We also believe the international community has a moral obligation to act. The bloodshed in Syria must stop," He added. Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani (Qatari Prime Minister), Arab League Secretariat and contemporary US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton supported taking stronger measures against the Syrian government.

The Government-owned Syrian Arab News Agency denounced the meeting calling it "a series of related circles of conspiracy against Syria" and identified participants as "enemies of Syria".

Paris conference

The third meeting of the Friends of Syria group opened on 6 July 2012 in Paris, France. Speakers addressing the meeting included William Hague, Laurent Fabius, Ahmet Davutoğlu and Hillary Clinton.

Marrakesh conference

The fourth meeting of the Friends of Syria group opened on 12 December 2012 in Marrakesh, Morocco.

Rome February 2013 meeting

On 28 February 2013, only 11 members of the Friends of Syria held their meeting in Rome.

Amman conference

On 22 May 2013, a conference in Amman was opened to discuss the US-Russian proposal for peace talks.

Doha conference

On 22 June 2013, a conference in Doha was opened to discuss how to organise the delivery of military and other kinds of aid for Syrian rebels.

Participants

The conference in Marrakech, on 12 December 2012, was attended by delegates of 114 states.

In 2013, however, the number of nations represented at the meetings fell to 11.

Countries

Members of the Friends of Syria group, which met in 2013 in Rome, Istanbul and London, are often referred to as the 'London 11'.

• Egypt
• France
• Germany
• Italy
• Jordan
• Qatar
• Saudi Arabia
• Turkey
• United Arab Emirates
• United Kingdom
• United States

Syrian opposition groups

• Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces

International organisations

International organisations participating in the Friends of Syria conference included:

• African Union
• Arab League
• [[File:Emblem of Maghreb.svg|22px]] Arab Maghreb Union
• European Union
• Gulf Cooperation Council
• Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
• United Nations

References

References

1. "The Second Conference of the Group of Friends of the Syrian People will take place in İstanbul". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
2. Eric W. Schoon and Scott W. Duxbury. "Robust Discourse and the Politics of Legitimacy: Framing International Intervention in the Syrian Civil war". Sociological Science.
3. (4 February 2012). "France, partners planning Syria crisis group: Sarkozy". [[Reuters]].
4. (October 2015}}{{cite web). "'Friends of Syria' to call for UN to plan mission". [[Associated Press]].
5. Staff writer. (1 April 2012). "Syria opposition: Don't prolong catastrophe". [[Al Jazeera English]].
6. (7 July 2012). "'Friends of Syria' push for tougher sanctions". France 24.
7. [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/24/opinion/how-to-halt-the-butchery-in-syria.html?_r=0 nytimes.com: "How to Halt the Butchery in Syria"], 23 February 2012
8. [https://www.demdigest.net/tag/democracy-digest/page/325/ demdigest.net: "Syria’s opposition gets recognition, not arms"] {{Webarchive. link. (8 December 2015 , 24 February 2012)
9. (11 December 2012). "Foreign Secretary to attend Friends of Syria meeting in Marrakesh". GOV.UK.
10. Agence France-Presse. (22 May 2013). "Friends of Syria meet as conflict escalates". [[The Daily Star (Lebanon).
11. "'Friends of Syria' debate arming rebels".
12. (2012-12-12). "Friends of Syria recognizes opposition coalition as legitimate representative of Syrian people".
13. (2013-02-28). "US set to boost support for Syria opposition".
14. (2013-04-21). "Friends of Syria Deliver Nothing New".
15. "London 11 Meeting on Syria". UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
16. (24 February 2012). "Chairman's Conclusions of the International Conference of the Group of Friends of the Syrian People, 24 February". US Department of State.
17. (27 February 2012). "The Ambassador expressed the Indonesian position concerning conflict in Syria in the Friends of Syria Conference". Indonesia Embassy in Tunisia.