French Community of Belgium

History

Main article: State reform in Belgium

Belgium was transformed from the unitary into a federal state. The first state reform of 1970 introduced the "cultural communities" including the French Cultural Community (Communauté culturelle française). This was re-organised and expanded into the French Community (Communauté française) through the second state reform in 1980. Further reforms expanded its legal competences.

Description

The French Community of Belgium extends over 4.5 million people, of whom:

• 3.6 million live in the Walloon Region (that is almost the entirety of the inhabitants of this region, apart from people who live in the German-speaking communes, who number around 70,000);
• 900,000 living in the Brussels Capital Region (out of 1.2 million inhabitants).

The French Community has no jurisdiction over French speakers living in the Flemish Region. Their number is unknown, given the absence of sub-nationality status and the discouragement of linguistic criteria in census-taking. Estimates of the French-speaking population of Flanders vary from 120,000, around 200,000, to around 300,000.

The French Community of Belgium extends over about 40% of the total population of Belgium; 60% of the population belongs to the Flemish Community, and 1% to the German-speaking Community.

Alternative name

For years there have been hints that the Community wanted to better demonstrate the link between Wallonia and Brussels, the two main territories where the French speakers are in the majority. These include the creation of several organisations such as Wallonie-Bruxelles International, a public body in charge of international cultural affairs set up jointly by the French Community, the Walloon Region and the Commission communautaire française (COCOF, a French-speaking institution of the Brussels-Capital Region). The concept of "Wallonie-Bruxelles" is however not mentioned in the Belgian constitution, and appeared only in a few official legal texts, such as the "Arrêté du Gouvernement de la Communauté française fixant le code de qualité et de l'accueil" of 17 December 2003, mentioning the name "Communauté Wallonie-Bruxelles", and the "Arrêté du Gouvernement de la Communauté française approuvant le programme quinquennal de promotion de la santé 2004–2008" of 30 April 2004, mentioning the name "Communauté française Wallonie-Bruxelles".

In May 2011, the parliament of the Community voted a resolution according to which it would, from then on, use the name "Wallonia-Brussels Federation" (French: "Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles") for all its communications, campaigns and in the administration. The move was immediately interpreted as aggressive by the Flemish authorities, the Minister-President of Flanders announcing he would not recognize the federation as an official body and saying that documents that would be sent by the federation would be unconstitutional and therefore would not exist.

That name also obscures the fact that this institution does not represent the Flemings living in Brussels, nor their local Flemish Community Commission ('Vlaamse Gemeenschapscommissie', or VGC) nor the Brussels-Capital Region.

While the authorities of the Community acknowledge the fact that the new name is not mentioned in the Belgian Constitution, they insist that their move is not illegal, as long as the new name is used as an additional name for the Community and is not used when it could create a legal issue (such as with the official texts published in the Belgian Official Journal).

Although the then Belgian Prime Minister Yves Leterme said that the federal government would not use the new name and the Flemish VRT decided not to use the new name in its news programs either, it is used by the French-speaking media, including the RTBF public network, which is fully controlled by the Community. The independent/private media uses both the alternative and the original designation.

In September 2011, the Community adopted a new logo that incorporates its new name.

Politics and government

The French Community of Belgium is governed by the Parliament of the French Community, which selects the executive branch, the Government of the French Community.

Parliament

The Parliament of the French Community ( or PCF) is the legislative assembly of the French Community of Belgium based in the . It consists of all 75 members of the Walloon Parliament except German-speaking members (currently two) who are substituted by French-speaking members from the same party, and 19 members elected by the French linguistic group of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region within the former body. These members are elected for a term of five years.

The current president of the Parliament of the French Community is (LE).

Current composition (2024–2029)

Note: Government coalition parties are denoted with bullets (•)

Executive

The Cabinet of the French Community of Belgium () is the executive branch of the French Community, and it too sits in Brussels. It consists of a number of ministers chosen by the parliament and is headed by a Minister-President.

List of minister-presidents of the French Community

References

Footnotes

Notes

References

1. "Le Drapeau – Communauté française de Belgique".
2. [http://www.gallilex.cfwb.be/document/pdf/20291_000.pdf Décret déterminant le jour de fête et les emblèmes propres à la Communauté française de Belgique (D. 03-07-1991, M.B. 15-11-1991)]
3. "Belgium – French speaking community".
4. "French-speaking Community of Belgium, Université catholique de Louvain".
5. Xavier Deniau, ''La francophonie'', Presses universitaires de France, 1995, page 27
6. Frédéric Lasserre, Aline Lechaume, ''Le territoire pensé: géographie des représentations territoriales'', Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2005, page 104
7. Catherine Lanneau, ''L'inconnue française: la France et les Belges francophones, 1944–1945'', Peter Lang Verlagsgruppe, collection: ''Enjeux internationaux'', 2008, page 25
8. ''L'année francophone internationale, volume 15'', Groupe d'études et de recherches sur la francophonie, Université Laval, 2005, page 25
9. "Wallonie-Bruxelles International (WBI)".
10. [http://www.lalibre.be/actu/bruxelles/article/663095/la-nouvelle-federation-wallonie-bruxelles-defraye-la-chronique.html La nouvelle Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles défraye la chronique], ''La Libre Belgique'', 25 May 2011
11. (2024-11-01). "Une Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles".
12. (2011-05-26). "Leterme houdt alleen rekening met benaming in grondwet".
13. [http://www.7sur7.be/7s7/fr/3007/Bruxelles/article/detail/1326587/2011/09/29/Ne-dites-pas-Federatie-Wallonie-Brussel-sur-la-VRT.dhtml Ne dites pas "Federatie Wallonië-Brussel" sur la VRT], 7sur7, 29 September 2011