Fernando Norzagaray y Escudero

Early life

Norzagaray was born on 19 July 1808 in San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, to military officer Fernando José Norzagaray y Casado, of Talavera de la Reina, and María Estefanía Faustina Juliana Escudero y Villanueva, of Pamplona. He was baptized on 29 July at the Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus, also in San Sebastián.

Puerto Rico

He did extensive infrastructure work in Puerto Rico. One example is the General Norzagaray Bridge, which crosses the Los Frailes stream. Arsenals were constructed, and a cavalry was created.

Philippines

Norzagaray authorized establishments of houses of foreign currency exchange on 18 June 1857, just two months after his ascendancy to governor. He ordered local administration reforms in September 1858 and reorganized the infantry in September 1859. In April 1859, ten Jesuit priests arrived in the Philippines, after being allowed again in the archipelago, to persuade Norzagaray to grant a Jesuit school be made. They were given the Escuela Municipal, which is the only primary school in Manila, on 1 October 1859. In 1858 he established a botanical garden, the Jardín Botánico, on the site now known as Mehan Garden.

Cochinchina Campaign

He sent Philippine troops to Cochinchina, southern Vietnam, in 1858 in a joint campaign with the French. Both Spain and France claimed to be defending Catholicism in Vietnam, with Spain reacting to the execution of bishop José María Díaz Sanjurjo at Nam Dinh, northern Vietnam, on 20 July 1857. The expedition raised hopes of increasing Philippine trade in Asia; however, Spain and its colony gained little long-term benefit from the four-year campaign.

At the Siege of Tourane, the Spanish navy was represented by the armed dispatch vessel El Cano, only one of the initial 13 warships used during the campaign. The transport included a marine artillery battery and 1,000 troops drawn from the Spanish garrison of the Philippines, mostly Tagalogs and Visayans. It was put under the command of the French Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly. The combined Franco-Spanish force was forced to evacuate Tourane, giving way to the Vietnamese. The same force was used in the Siege of Saigon, which was put under the same French admiral, and garnered a victory for the combined Franco-Spanish force.

In 1860, most of the Spanish forces under the command of Admiral Bernardo Ruiz de Lanzarote were withdrawn on French request. France went on to develop a colony in Vietnam.

Legacy

In the Philippines, the town of Norzagaray, which was formerly known as Casay, was renamed in his honour. During his term, he separated Casay from Angat and made the former a distinct town.

A street in the Old San Juan Historic District is named Calle Norzagaray.

Gallery

Calle Norzagaray en San Juan, Puerto Rico.jpg|Calle Norzagaray in Old San Juan Calle Norzagaray, Old San Juan.jpg|A pink house on Calle Norzagaray in Old San Juan

References

References

1. "Film # 008184098 Image Film # 008184098; ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSL4-CKDW — FamilySearch.org".
2. "NORZAGARAY Y ESCUDERO, Fernando: File of the Life Senator". Spanish Senate.
3. "Chronology of the Governors of the 19th century".
4. (1997–2002). "Governors of the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period".
5. (2009-12-17). "THE ATENEO AT 150".
6. "JARDIN BOTANICO".
7. "First in the Philippines".
8. "Spain in the Philippines and East Asia in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries". Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
9. Thomazi, ''Conquête'', 33
10. Thomazi, ''Conquête'', 29–31 and 38–41; ''Histoire militaire'', 24–5 and 26–7
11. Thomazi, ''Conquête'', 35-36
12. "Filipino Involvement in the French-Spanish Campaign in Indochina".
13. (2007). "Municipality of Norzagaray".
14. (15 October 2018). "Historia del Viejo San Juan - la calle Norzagaray en San Juan".