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Felinae

Subfamily of Felidae

Summary

Subfamily of Felidae

The Felinae or small cats are a subfamily of the Felidae distinguished by a bony hyoid, because of which they can purr but not roar. Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily, as comprising only the living conical-toothed cat genera, with two tribes, the Felini and Pantherini, and excluding the extinct sabre-toothed Machairodontinae.

Characteristics

The members of the Felinae have retractile claws that are protected by at least one cutaneous lobe. Their larynx is kept close to the base of the skull by an ossified hyoid. They can purr owing to the vocal folds being shorter than 6 mm. The cheetah Acinonyx does not have cutaneous sheaths for guarding claws.

Taxonomy

The term 'Felini' was first used in 1817 by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim, at the time for all the cat species that had been proposed as belonging to the genus Felis. In 1917, Reginald Innes Pocock also subordinated the following genera to the Felinae that had been proposed in the course of the 19th century: Lynx, Puma, Leptailurus, Prionailurus, Pardofelis, Leopardus, Herpailurus, Neofelis and four more.

The Felinae and Pantherinae probably diverged about 11.5 million years ago. The genera within the Felinae diverged between 10.67 and 4.23 million years ago.

Today, the following living genera and species are recognised as belonging to the Felinae:

GenusSpeciesImage of type speciesRange
*Acinonyx* Brookes, 1828[[File:Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) on the road.jpgframeless]]Africa and Southwestern Asia
*Caracal* Gray, 1843[[File:Caracl_(01),_Paris,_décembre_2013.jpg175px]]Africa and Southwestern Asia
*Catopuma* Severtzov, 1858[[File:Asian golden cat at Edinburgh Zoo.jpgframeless]]Southeastern Asia
*Felis* Linnaeus, 1758[[File:Jammlich_crop.jpgframeless]]
*Herpailurus* Severtzov, 1858[[File:Puma_yagouaroundi.jpgframeless]]Central and Southern America
*Leopardus* Gray, 1842[[File:Ocelot (Jaguatirica) Zoo Itatiba.jpgframeless]]Central and Southern America
*Leptailurus* Severtzov, 1858[[File:Leptailurus serval -Serengeti National Park, Tanzania-8.jpgframeless]]Africa
*Lynx* Kerr, 1792[[File:Lynx.lynx-ZOO.Olomouc1.jpgframeless]]Northern Hemisphere
*Otocolobus* Brandt, 1842[[File:Manoel.jpgframeless]]Central Asia
*Pardofelis* Severtzov, 1858[[File:Marbled_cat_borneo.jpgframeless]]Southeastern Asia
*Prionailurus* Severtzov, 1858[[File:Close-up_of_a_Leopard_Cat_in_Sundarban.jpgframeless]]Southeastern and Eastern Asia
*Puma* Jardine 1834[[File:Cougar_sitting.jpgframeless]]Americas

Extinct taxa

GenusSpeciesImage
*Felis*
*Acinonyx*
*Lynx*
*Puma*
Leopardus
*Leptofelis* Salesa et al., 2017
*Miracinonyx* Adams, 1979[[File:Miracinonyx_inexpectatus.jpg175px]]
*Pratifelis* Hibbard, 1934
*Pristifelis* Salesa et al., 2012
*Sivapanthera* Kretzoi, 1929
*Sivapardus* Bikr, 1969
*Vishnufelis* Pilgrim, 1932

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of Felinae are shown in the following cladogram:

References

References

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