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Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards

US federal vehicle regulations

US federal vehicle regulations

The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) are U.S. federal vehicle regulations specifying design, construction, performance, and durability requirements for motor vehicles and regulated automobile safety-related components, systems, and design features. They are the U.S. counterpart to the UN Regulations developed by the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations and recognized to varying degree by most countries except the United States.

Canada has a system of analogous rules called the Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (CMVSS), which overlap substantially but not completely in content and structure with the FMVSS.

The FMVSS/CMVSS requirements differ significantly from the international UN requirements, so private import of foreign vehicles not originally manufactured to North American specifications is difficult or impossible.

Structure

FMVSS are currently codified in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 571, Subpart B (), with each FMVSS standard as a section of Part 571, e.g., FMVSS Standard No. 101 is . FMVSS are developed and enforced by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) pursuant to statutory authorization in the form of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, which is now codified at .

FMVSS are divided into three categories: crash avoidance (100-series), crashworthiness (200-series), and post-crash survivability (300-series). The first regulation, FMVSS No. 209, was adopted on 1 March 1967 and remains in force to date though its requirements have been periodically updated and made more stringent. It stipulates the requirements for seat belts in roadgoing vehicles.

Other FMVSS include:

FMVSS No.url=https://www.nhtsa.gov/vehicle-manufacturers/test-procedurestitle=Test Procedurespublisher=United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administrationaccess-date=30 April 2021}}TitleNotes101102103104105106107
—Controls and displays
—Transmission shift lever sequence, starter interlock, and transmission braking effect
FY TP-103-13Windshield defrosting and defogging systems
FY TP-104-08Windshield wiping and washing systems
FY TP-105-03Hydraulic and electric brake systems
FY TP-106-10Brake hoses
—Reserved (previously "Reflecting surfaces")Rescinded in 1996

Crash avoidance

  • FMVSS No. 101: Controls and displays
  • FMVSS No. 102: Transmission shift lever sequence, starter interlock, and transmission braking effect
  • FMVSS No. 103: Windshield defrosting and defogging systems
  • FMVSS No. 104: Windshield wiping and washing systems
  • FMVSS No. 105: Hydraulic and electric brake systems
  • FMVSS No. 106: Brake hoses
  • FMVSS No. 107: [Reserved] (previously "Reflecting surfaces", rescinded in 1996)
  • FMVSS No. 108: Lamps, reflective device and associated equipment
  • FMVSS No. 109: New pneumatic tires for passenger cars
  • FMVSS No. 110: Tire selection and rims for passenger cars
  • FMVSS No. 111: Rear view and side view mirrors
  • FMVSS No. 112: [Reserved] (previously "Headlamp concealment devices", canceled in 1996 and incorporated into #108)
  • FMVSS No. 113: Hood latch system
  • FMVSS No. 114: Theft Protection
  • FMVSS No. 115: [Reserved] (previously "Vehicle identification number", moved to Part 565 in 1983)
  • FMVSS No. 116: Motor vehicle brake fluids
  • FMVSS No. 117: Retreaded pneumatic tires
  • FMVSS No. 118: Power-operated window, partition, and roof panel systems
  • FMVSS No. 119: New pneumatic tires for vehicles other than passenger cars
  • FMVSS No. 120: Tire selection and rims for motor vehicles other than passenger cars
  • FMVSS No. 121: Air brake systems
  • FMVSS No. 122: Motorcycle brake systems
  • FMVSS No. 123: Motorcycle controls and displays
  • FMVSS No. 124: Accelerator control systems
  • FMVSS No. 125: Warning devices
  • FMVSS No. 126: Electronic stability control systems
  • FMVSS No. 127: Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) (previously "Speedometers and odometers", revoked in 1982)
  • FMVSS No. 128: [Reserved] (previously "Fields of direct view", rescinded in 1981)
  • FMVSS No. 129: New non-pneumatic tires for passenger cars- new temporary spare non-pneumatic tires for use on passenger cars
  • FMVSS No. 131: School bus pedestrian safety devices
  • FMVSS No. 135: Light vehicle brake systems
  • FMVSS No. 136: Electronic stability control systems on heavy vehicles
  • FMVSS No. 138: Tire-pressure monitoring systems
  • FMVSS No. 139: New pneumatic radial tires for light vehicles
  • FMVSS No. 140: [Proposed] ("Parts and Accessories Necessary for Safe Operation; Speed Limiting Devices", released for public comment in September 2016)
  • FMVSS No. 141: Minimum sound requirements for hybrid and electric vehicles

Crashworthiness

  • FMVSS No. 201: Occupant protection in interior impact
  • FMVSS No. 202: Head restraints for passenger vehicles
  • FMVSS No. 203: Impact protection for the driver from the steering control system
  • FMVSS No. 204: Steering control rearward displacement
  • FMVSS No. 205: Glazing materials
  • FMVSS No. 206: Door locks and door retention components
  • FMVSS No. 207: Seating Systems
  • FMVSS No. 208: Occupant crash protection
  • FMVSS No. 209: Seat belt assemblies
  • FMVSS No. 210: Seat belt anchorages
  • FMVSS No. 211: [Reserved] (previously "Wheel nuts, wheel discs and hub caps")
  • FMVSS No. 212: Windshield mounting
  • FMVSS No. 213: Child restraint systems
  • FMVSS No. 214: Side impact protection
  • FMVSS No. 215: [Reserved] (previously "Exterior protection")
  • FMVSS No. 216: Roof crush resistance
  • FMVSS No. 217: Bus emergency exits and window retention and release.
  • FMVSS No. 218: Motorcycle helmets
  • FMVSS No. 219: Windshield zone intrusion
  • FMVSS No. 220: School bus rollover protection
  • FMVSS No. 221: School bus body joint strength
  • FMVSS No. 222: School bus passenger seating and crash protection
  • FMVSS No. 223: Rear impact guards
  • FMVSS No. 224: Rear impact protection
  • FMVSS No. 225: Child restraint anchorage systems
  • FMVSS No. 226: Ejection mitigation
  • FMVSS No. 227: Bus rollover structural integrity

Post-crash survivability

  • FMVSS No. 301: Fuel system integrity
  • FMVSS No. 302: Flammability of interior materials
  • FMVSS No. 303: Fuel system integrity of compressed natural gas vehicles
  • FMVSS No. 304: Compressed natural gas fuel container integrity
  • FMVSS No. 305: Electric-powered vehicles: Electrolyte spillage and electrical shock protection

Miscellaneous

  • FMVSS No. 401: Interior trunk release
  • FMVSS No. 402: [Reserved] (previously "Radiator and coolant reservoir caps venting of motor vehicle coolant systems")
  • FMVSS No. 403: Platform lift systems for motor vehicles
  • FMVSS No. 404: Platform lift installation in motor vehicles
  • FMVSS No. 500: Low-speed vehicles

Other regulations relating to transportation

Aside from the FMVSS in Part 571, there are numerous federal regulations pertaining to motor vehicles under Title 49, including:

  • Part 523: Vehicle Classification
  • Part 525: Exemptions from average fuel economy standards
  • Part 526: Petitions and plans for relief under the Automobile Fuel Efficiency Act of 1980
  • Part 529: Manufacturers of multistage automobiles
  • Part 531: Passenger automobile average fuel economy standards
  • Part 533: Light truck fuel economy standards
  • Part 534: Rights and responsibilities of manufacturers in the context of changes in corporate relationships
  • Part 536: Transfer and trading of fuel economy credits
  • Part 537: Automotive fuel economy reports
  • Part 538: Manufacturing incentives for alternative fuel vehicles
  • Part 541: Federal motor vehicle theft prevention standard
  • Part 542: Procedures for selecting light duty truck lines to be covered by the theft prevention standard
  • Part 543: Exemption from vehicle theft prevention standard
  • Part 544: Insurer reporting requirements
  • Part 545: Federal motor vehicle theft prevention standard phase-in and small-volume line reporting requirements
  • Part 551: Procedural rules
  • Part 552: Petitions for rulemaking, defect, and noncompliance orders
  • Part 553: Rulemaking procedures
  • Part 554: Standards enforcement and defects investigation
  • Part 555: Temporary exemptions from motor vehicle safety and bumper standards
  • Part 556: Exemption for inconsequential defect or noncompliance
  • Part 557: Petitions for hearings on notification and remedy of defects
  • Part 563: Event data recorders
  • Part 564: Replaceable light source and sealed beam headlamp information
  • Part 565: Vehicle identification number requirements
  • Part 566: Manufacturer identification
  • Part 567: Certification
  • Part 568: Vehicles manufactured in two or more stages
  • Part 569: Regrooved tires
  • Part 570: Vehicle-In-Use inspection standards
  • Part 572: Anthropomorphic test devices
  • Part 573: Defect and noncompliance responsibility and reports
  • Part 574: Tire identification and record keeping
  • Part 575: Consumer information
  • Part 576: Record retention
  • Part 577: Defect and noncompliance notification
  • Part 578: Civil and criminal penalties
  • Part 579: Reporting of information and communications about potential defects
  • Part 580: Odometer disclosure requirements
  • Part 581: Bumper standard
  • Part 582: Insurance cost information regulation
  • Part 583: Automobile parts content labeling
  • Part 585: Phase-in reporting requirements
  • Part 586: [Reserved]
  • Part 587: Deformable barriers
  • Part 588: Child restraint system recordkeeping requirements
  • Part 589: [Reserved]
  • Part 590: [Reserved]
  • Part 591: Importation of vehicles and equipment subject to federal safety, bumper, and theft prevention standards
  • Part 592: Registered importers of vehicles not originally manufactured to conform to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
  • Part 593: Determinations that a vehicle not originally manufactured to conform to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards is eligible for importation
  • Part 594: Schedule of fees authorized by
  • Part 595: Make inoperative exemptions
  • Part 596: [Reserved]
  • Part 597: [Reserved]
  • Part 598: [Reserved]
  • Part 599: Requirements and procedures for Consumer Assistance to Recycle and Save Act Program

References

References

  1. "Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations".
  2. "Test Procedures". United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
  3. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 101
  4. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 102
  5. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 103
  6. Dold, Neil. (June 26, 1996). "Laboratory test procedure for FMVSS 103". National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
  7. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 104
  8. Dold, Neil. (June 26, 1996). "Laboratory test procedure for FMVSS 104". National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
  9. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 105
  10. Williams, Vince. (July 1, 2005). "Laboratory test procedure for FMVSS 105". National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
  11. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 106
  12. Diaz, Abraham. (April 10, 2008). "Laboratory test procedure for FMVSS 106". National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
  13. {{Federal Register. 61. 11587
  14. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 101
  15. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 102
  16. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 103
  17. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 104
  18. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 105
  19. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 106
  20. {{Federal Register. 61. 11587
  21. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 108
  22. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 109
  23. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 110
  24. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 111
  25. {{Federal Register. 61. 49976
  26. Tarbet, Marcia J.. (December 2004). ""Cost and Weight Added by the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards for Model Years 1968-2001 in Passenger Cars and Light Trucks"". National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
  27. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 113
  28. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 114
  29. {{Federal Register. 48. 22567
  30. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 116
  31. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 117
  32. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 118
  33. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 119
  34. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 120
  35. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 121
  36. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 122
  37. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 122a
  38. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 123
  39. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 124
  40. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 125
  41. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 126
  42. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 127
  43. {{Federal Register. 47. 7250
  44. {{Federal Register. 46. 32254
  45. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 129
  46. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 131
  47. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 135
  48. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 136
  49. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 138
  50. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 139
  51. {{Federal Register. 81. 61941
  52. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 141
  53. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 201
  54. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 202
  55. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 202a
  56. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 203
  57. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 204
  58. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 205
  59. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 205(a)
  60. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 206
  61. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 207
  62. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 208
  63. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 209
  64. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 210
  65. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 212
  66. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 213
  67. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 214
  68. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 216
  69. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 216a
  70. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 217
  71. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 218
  72. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 219
  73. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 220
  74. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 221
  75. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 222
  76. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 223
  77. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 224
  78. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 225
  79. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 226
  80. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 227
  81. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 301
  82. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 302
  83. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 303
  84. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 304
  85. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 305
  86. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 401
  87. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 403
  88. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 404
  89. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 571. 500
  90. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 523
  91. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 525
  92. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 526
  93. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 529
  94. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 531
  95. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 533
  96. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 534
  97. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 536
  98. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 537
  99. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 538
  100. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 541
  101. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 542
  102. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 543
  103. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 544
  104. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 545
  105. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 551
  106. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 552
  107. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 553
  108. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 554
  109. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 555
  110. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 556
  111. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 557
  112. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 563
  113. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 564
  114. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 565
  115. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 566
  116. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 567
  117. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 568
  118. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 569
  119. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 570
  120. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 572
  121. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 573
  122. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 574
  123. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 575
  124. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 576
  125. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 577
  126. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 578
  127. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 579
  128. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 580
  129. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 581
  130. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 582
  131. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 583
  132. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 585
  133. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 587
  134. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 588
  135. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 591
  136. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 592
  137. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 593
  138. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 594
  139. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 595
  140. {{CodeFedReg. 49. 599
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