Favorite son

Description

At the quadrennial American national political party conventions, a state delegation sometimes nominates a presidential candidate from the state—or less often from the state's region— who is not a viable candidate in the view of other delegations, and votes for this candidate in the initial ballot. The technique allows state leaders to negotiate with leading candidates in exchange for the delegation's support in subsequent ballots. The nominated individual is known as a favorite son or favorite daughter. The terms are also used for politicians whose electoral appeal derives from their native state, rather than their political views; for example, in the United States, a presidential candidate will usually win the support of their home state(s).

Serious candidates usually, but not always, avoided campaigning in favorite sons' states. If a party's leader in a state—usually the governor—was unsure of whom to support, supporting the favorite son could allow the state party to avoid disputes. Conversely, a party leader who has chosen a candidate might become a favorite son to keep other candidates' campaigns out of the state, or prevent a rival local politician from becoming a favorite son. The favorite son may explicitly state that the candidacy is not viable, or that the favorite son is not a candidate at all. The favorite son may hope to receive the vice-presidential nomination, Cabinet post or other job, increase support for the favorite son's region or policies, or just the publicity from being nominated at the convention.

History

The technique was widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Since nationwide campaigns by candidates and binding primary elections have replaced brokered conventions, the technique has fallen out of use, as party rule changes in the early 1970s required candidates to have nominations from more than one state.

A particularly notable instance of a politician whose electoral appeal derives from their native state occurred in 1984, when challenger Walter Mondale lost 49 of 50 states against popular incumbent Ronald Reagan, winning only his home state of Minnesota and Washington, D.C.

References

Bibliography

References

1. (January 12, 1928). "How 'Favorite Son' Politics Works". [[The Pittsburgh Press]].
2. (May 29, 1968). "Smathers Gets Favorite Son Candidate Nod". Ocala Star-Banner.
3. (August 4, 1939). "Favorite Son Groups Will be Numerous at 1940 Convention of Democrats". [[The Day (New London)]].
4. Meiklejohn, Don. (July 3, 1960). "Favorite Son Idea is Devised to Put State in Strong Position at Convention". Ocala [[Star-Banner]].
5. Tucker, Ray. (January 30, 1960). "How Term 'Favorite Son' Got Started in Politics". The Free Lance-Star.
6. (September 20, 1971). "No Demo Favorite Sons". [[The Deseret News]].
7. Shafer, Byron E.. (1988). "Bifurcated Politics: Evolution and Reform in the National Party Convention". [[Harvard University Press]].
8. (22 October 2013). "Elections A to Z". CQ Press.