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Farnesyl pyrophosphate

Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), also known as farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), is the precursor to all sesquiterpenes, which comprises thousands of compounds. These include all sesquiterpenes as well as sterols and carotenoids. It is also used in the synthesis of CoQ (part of the electron transport chain), as well as dehydrodolichol diphosphate (a precursor of dolichol, which transports proteins to the ER lumen for N-glycosylation).

Biosynthesis

Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (a prenyl transferase) catalyzes sequential condensation reactions of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate with 2 units of 3-isopentenyl pyrophosphate to form farnesyl pyrophosphate: :[[File:FarnesolPPbiosyn.svg|thumb|left|620 px]]

Pharmacology

The above reactions are inhibited by bisphosphonates (used for osteoporosis). Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a selective agonist of TRPV3.

References

References

  1. (2006). "Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology".
  2. (2000). "Cyclization enzymes in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes". Topics in Current Chemistry.
  3. (October 2013). "Characterization of three novel isoprenyl diphosphate synthases from the terpenoid rich mango fruit". Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.
  4. (April 2006). "Bisphosphonates: from bench to bedside". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
  5. (June 2010). "Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a novel pain-producing molecule via specific activation of TRPV3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
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