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Fajr (prayer)

First mandatory prayer of the day in Islam

First mandatory prayer of the day in Islam

FieldValue
holiday_namefajr prayer
typeIslam
imageDesert Dawn.jpg
official_nameصلاة الفجر، صلاة الصبح، صلاة الغداة
observedbyMuslims
significanceMorning prayer
beginsDawn
endsSunrise
frequencyDaily
altLate summer dawn over the Mojave Desert, California

The fajr prayer, alternatively transliterated as fadjr prayer, and also known as the subh prayer, is one of the five daily mandatory Islamic prayers (salah). Consisting of two rak'a ("bows"), it is performed between the break of dawn and sunrise. It is one of two prayers mentioned by name in the Qur'an.

History and significance

During the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, Muslims begin fasting with the fajr prayer.

Fajr is mentioned twice in the Qur'an. The verse in which Muhammad is commanded to recite at dawn (11:114) is taken as foundational for prescribing the times for prayer.

In Qur'an 17:78, dawn is one of the three times that prayer is to be performed. According to Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's commentary on angels (Al-Haba'ik fi Akhbar al-Mala'ik), this verse describes the witnessing of dawn prayer by the angels of the day and the night.

Salat al-duha replaced fajr as the morning prayer when the five prayers were standardized.

Performance

The fajr prayer consists of two compulsory (fardh) units of prayer (rak'a). In addition, the voluntary sunnah prayer consists of two units of prayer and can be performed before the compulsory prayer.

In fajr, Al-Fatiha and the additional surah are to be read aloud (jahr), as during Maghrib and Isha. It is commonly performed silently when waking up in the morning.

The prayer includes wudu (ritual purification) and salat (ritual prayer).

Timings

The timings for the prayer are prescribed by the hadith.

SchoolStart timeEnd time
Ahmadi Islamtitle=Glossary of Termsurl=https://www.alislam.org/book/salat/glossary-of-terms/access-date=2024-10-05website=Al Islamlanguage=en}}a few minutes before sunrise
Quranist Islamtitle=True Islam - Number of Salaturl=https://www.quran-islam.org/main_topics/islam/pillars/number_of_salat_(P1200).htmlaccess-date=2024-10-05website=Quran-Islam}}sunrise
Shia Islamtrue dawnsunrise
Sunni Islam"the true dawn" (al-fajr al-sadiq) The true dawn is indicated by a white line appearing across the horizon, in contrast to "the false dawn" (al-fajr al-kadhib) shortly before which appears as a vertical line.sunrise; in the Maliki school, until ifsar or until sunrise with a valid excuse

Notes

References

References

  1. (2015-04-10). "Times of the Prayer – Shaykh Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Qarawi".
  2. (2004). "Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world". New York : Macmillan Reference USA : Thomson/Gale.
  3. Glassé, Cyril. (2001). "The new encyclopedia of Islam". Walnut Creek, CA : AltaMira Press.
  4. "Surah An-Nur - 58".
  5. "Surah Al-Isra - 78".
  6. (31 October 2007). "The Quran and the Secular Mind: A Philosophy of Islam". Routledge.
  7. (1988). "Astronomy of Islamic Times for the Twenty-first Century". Mansell.
  8. (3 July 2023). "Time in the Qur'an: An Introductory Overview". American Journal of Islam and Society.
  9. (22 December 2015). "Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi akhbar al-mala'ik". Routledge.
  10. (14 December 2023). "Interpretation in Religion". BRILL.
  11. sufyan. (2011-07-05). "What Are the Confirmed Sunna and Non-Confirmed Sunna Prayers Associated With the Obligatory Prayers?".
  12. Monnot, Guy. (1995). "[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]". [[Brill Publishers]].
  13. (2001). "The new encyclopedia of Islam". Walnut Creek, CA : AltaMira Press.
  14. (2023). "The Politics of Ritual". Princeton University Press.
  15. (1 January 2003). "Ṣalāt". Oxford University Press.
  16. "Glossary of Terms".
  17. "True Islam - Number of Salat".
  18. (2007). "The Quran: A Reformist Translation". Brainbow Press.
  19. "10. How Can we Observe the Sala Prayers by Following the Quran Alone? - Edip-Layth - quranix.org".
  20. "Different Types of Adhan {{!}} Mohammad Zahid".
  21. (2013-11-12). "Prayer (Salat): According to Five Islamic Schools of Law Part 1".
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