Eternity

Philosophy

Classical period (8th-7th century BC Plato (c. 428–423 BC - 348/347 BC) described time as the moving image of eternity in Timaeus (37 D{{cite web|author=Noburu NOTOMI|url=https://jsns.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/12.11_Summaries.pdf|website=jsns.jp|title= Plato on Time and Eternity: Timaeus 37C-38C |date=12 August 2018|publisher=新プラトン主義協会 (Japanese Society for Neoplatonic Studies)

The ancient Greek word for everlastingness was ἀίδιος (aidios) as exists via Plotinus, who also used the word aoin {{cite book|author1=J.R.G.|author2=J.C.B.|author1-link=James Robinson Graves|date=1880|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QR3SP6UA9zUC&dq=Aion&pg=PA136|title= A Discussion on the Doctrine of Endless Punishment BETWEEN Rev. J.R.Graves, D. D., L. L. D., Editor of "the BAPTIST," Memphis Tenn. AND Rev. John C. BURRUSS, Editor of the "UNIVERSALIST HERALD" Notasulga Ala.|chapter=LETTER VIII|page=136|publication-place=ATLANTA, GA.|publisher=J.O. Perkins & Co. }} (eternity), in Ennead III.7. The thought of Classical period Augustine, as exists in Book XI of the Confessions, and Boethius (c. 480–524 AD), in Book V of the Consolation of Philosophy were adopted as the reality of the subject for later thinkers in the western tradition of philosophy.

Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and many others in the Age of Enlightenment drew on the classical distinction to put forward metaphysical hypotheses such as "eternity is a permanent now".

Religion

Ancient Egyptian eternity terms were neheh, for cyclical time, and djet, for linear. Rameses III {{cite book|author=Farid Atiya|date=2007|title=The Pocket Book of Ancient Egypt|chapter=Medinet Habu|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LyWNFVeblO8C&dq=temple+of+Ramses+III+United+with+Eternity&pg=PA352

In Genesis 21:33 of the Old Testament El-Olam is God-Eternal.

Mythic {{cite book|author=Dante L. Germino|date=1982| title=Political Philosophy and the Open Society|chapter=Chapter III The Open Society and the Birth of Philosophy|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zjOIXqrcjkYC&dq=%E1%BC%80%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82+(athanatos)&pg=PA74|page=74, The Pre-Socratic Philosophers and the Break with Myth|location=University of Virginia|publisher=Louisiana State University Press - Baton Rouge & London|isbn=9780807109748}} Iliadical ἀθάνατος (athanatos) is the immortal.

Eternity as infinite duration is an important concept in many lives and religions. God or gods are often said to endure eternally, or exist for all time, forever, without beginning or end. Religious views of an afterlife may speak of it in terms of eternity or eternal life. Christian theologians may regard immutability, like the eternal Platonic forms, as essential to eternity.

The ancient greek word for everlasting and, or, eternal exists in the Orphica Hymni.

Boethius stated eternity was: interminabilis vitae tota simul et perfecta possessio, which is translated as "simultaneously full and perfect possession of interminable life". and nunc permanens, which in English is a: permanent now. Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225 – 1274) believed in an eternal God, without either a beginning or end; the concept of eternity is of divine simplicity, thus incapable of being defined or fully understood by humankind.

Physics

The possibility of eternal universes with reference to General Relativity was a subject of physics since the 21st century.

Symbolism

Eternity is often symbolized by the endless snake, swallowing its own tail, the ouroboros. The circle, band, or ring is also commonly used as a symbol for eternity, as is the mathematical symbol of infinity, \infty. Symbolically these are reminders that eternity has no beginning or end.

|File:Ouroboros.png|The ouroboros |File:EndlessKnot03d.png|The "endless knot," a symbol of eternity used in Tibetan Buddhism. |File:Infinity symbol.svg|Infinity symbol variations |File:Georgin François, The 3 Roads to Eternity, 1825 Cornell CUL PJM 1040 01.jpg|Folk art allegorical map "The 3 Roads to Eternity" from Matthew 7:13–14 by the woodcutter Georgin François (1801–1863) in 1825. |File:Jacopo da Sellaio - Triumph of Eternity - 1485-90.jpg|Jacopo da Sellaio, Triumph of Eternity, 1485–1490 |File:Cagnacci Allegoria.jpg|An allegorical classical woman , representing eternity.

Notes

References

Works cited

References

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