From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Esophageal motility disorder

Inability to coordinate movement of the esophagus

Summary

Inability to coordinate movement of the esophagus

Field	Value
name	Esophageal motility disorder
synonyms	Esophageal dysmotility (ED)
diagnosis	Esophageal motility study
Functional Lumen Imaging Probe
treatment	treatment depends on cause

| #nset = Functional Lumen Imaging Probe An esophageal motility disorder (EMD) is any medical disorder resulting from dysfunction of the coordinated movement of esophagus, which causes dysphagia (i.e. difficulty in swallowing, regurgitation of food).

Primary motility disorders are:

Achalasia
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Nutcracker esophagus
Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter

An esophageal motility disorder can also be secondary to other diseases. For example, it may be a result of CREST syndrome, referring to the five main features: calcinosis, Raynaud syndrome, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of esophageal motility disorders is dysphagia. Compared to causes of mechanical obstruction, which usually coincide with difficulties only with solids, dysphagia occurs in both solid foods and liquids. Heartburn, odynophagia, chest pain, and dyspnea are frequent symptoms of esophageal motility disorders, as they are in other esophageal disorders. Advanced achalasia is characterized by regurgitation of previously swallowed, undigested food material. Individuals with diffuse esophageal spasm or nutcracker esophagus, due to disordered peristalsis propagation, may experience severe chest pain and dysphagia, mimicking cardiac ischemia.

Achalasia's most common symptoms include dysphagia (difficulty swallowing solids and liquids), regurgitation of undigested food, respiratory issues (aspiration and nocturnal cough), chest pain, and weight loss.

Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) is a motility disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of chest pain or dysphagia as well as nonpropulsive (tertiary) contractions on radiographs.

Nutcracker esophagus is characterized by high-amplitude peristaltic contractions that are frequently prolonged and cause dysphagia and chest pain.

HLES (hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter) is a rare manometric abnormality seen among individuals with dysphagia, chest pain, gastroesophageal reflux, and hiatal hernia.

Diagnosis

Testing to diagnose EMD includes barium esophagography, upper endoscopy, and esophageal manometry.

Treatment

There is no cure for EMD, but symptoms can be managed. Some symptom management includes eating slower and taking smaller bites; in some cases medications can be useful to manage other issues that contribute to EMD such as a proton pump inhibitor to ease gastroesophageal reflux (acid reflux), or a smooth muscle relaxant for issues with the muscles.

References

(2023). "Esophageal Motility Disorders". StatPearls Publishing.
Winterbauer RH. (1964). "Multiple telangiectasia, Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly, and subcutaneous calcinosis: a syndrome mimicking hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia". Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital.
Guth, Todd A.. (2013). "Emergency Medicine". Elsevier.
Boeckxstaens, G.E.E.. (2007). "Achalasia". Elsevier BV.
(December 11, 2007). "A Comprehensive Appraisal of the Surgical Treatment of Diffuse Esophageal Spasm". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(1986). "Surgical treatment of nutcracker esophagus". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2006). "Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (HLES): Prevalence,symptoms genesis and effect of pneumatic balloon dilatation". Medknow.
McQuaid, Kenneth. (2022). "Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2022". McGraw Hill.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

diseases-of-oesophagus,-stomach-and-duodenum esophagus-disorders

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Esophageal motility disorder — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report