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Escaut (department)

Former French department (1795–1814)

Escaut (department)
Summary

Former French department (1795–1814)

FieldValue
native_namefr
nl
conventional_long_nameDepartment of Escaut
common_nameEscaut
year_start1795
year_end1814
image_mapEscaut departement (1812).svg
image_map_captionLocation of Escaut in France (1812)
official_languagesFrench
common_languagesDutch
statusDepartment of the French First Republic and the French First Empire
admin_center_typeChef-lieu
admin_centerGhent
stat_year11789
stat_pop1583,059
ref_pop1
stat_year21799
stat_pop2594,617
ref_pop2
stat_year31800
stat_pop3602,072
ref_pop3
stat_year41812
stat_pop4636,438
ref_pop4
stat_area43570
ref_area4
event_startCreation
date_start1 October
event_endTreaty of Paris, disestablished
date_end30 May
p1County of Flanders
flag_p1Generieke vlag van Vlaanderen.svg
p2Generality Lands
flag_p2Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg
s1East Flanders
flag_s1Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg
today

nl

  • Belgium
  • Netherlands Escaut (, ) was a department of the French First Republic and French First Empire in present-day Belgium and Netherlands. It was named after the river Scheldt (Escô, Schelde), which is called the Escaut in French. It was created on 1 October 1795, when the Austrian Netherlands and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège were officially annexed by the French Republic. Before annexation by France, its territory was part of the County of Flanders and the Dutch Republic (Staats-Vlaanderen).
Escaut within the northern French Empire (1811)

The Chef-lieu of the department was Ghent (Gand in French). The department was subdivided into the following four arrondissements and cantons (as of 1812):

  • Gand: Cruyshouthem, Deynse, Evergem, Gand (4 cantons), Loochristi, Nazareth, Nevèle, Oosterzeele, Sommergem and Waerschoot.
  • Termonde: Alost (2 cantons), Beveren, Hamme, Lockeren, Saint-Gillis, Saint-Nicolas, Tamise, Termonde, Wetteren and Zèle.
  • Eccloo: Assenède, Axel, Capryck, Eccloo, L'Écluse, Hulst, Oostbourg and Yzendick.
  • Andernarde: Andernarde (2 cantons), Grammont, Herzèle, Maria-Hoorebecke, Niderbrakel, Ninove, Renaix and Sotteghem.

After Napoleon was defeated in 1814, the department became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Its territory corresponded with the present Belgian province of East Flanders and the Dutch region of Zeelandic Flanders.

Administration

Prefects

The Prefect was the highest state representative in the department.

Term startTerm endOffice holder
2 March 180018 September 1808Guillaume Charles Faipoult de Maisoncelles
18 September 180812 March 1813Frédéric-Christophe d'Houdetot
12 March 181323 March 1813Jean François Marie Delaître
23 March 181330 May 1814Napoléon Jean-Évangéliste Desmousseaux de Givré

General Secretaries

The General Secretary was the deputy to the Prefect.

Term startTerm endOffice holder
23 May 18001 January 1801Étienne Lehodey de Saultchevreuil
3 January 18015 July 1803Claude Joachim Gréban de Saint Germain
?? ?? 180530 May 1814P. Tinel

Subprefects of Andenarde

Term startTerm endOffice holder
last=Tulardfirst=Jean & Marie-Josétitle=Napoléon et 40 millions de sujets: La centralisation et le premier empiredate=2014page=295publisher=Tallandierisbn=9791021001480url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kp5SCwAAQBAJ&q=sous+pr%C3%A9fets+de+furnes+van+den+busche&pg=PA1833}}15 January 1809Constantin Beyens
15 January 180930 May 1814Joseph Charles Emmanuel Van Ertborn

Subprefects of Eccloo

This subprefecture was created in 1803, replacing Sas-de-Gand.

Term startTerm endOffice holder
24 September 180330 May 1814André Etienne Bazenerye

Subprefects of Gand

Until 1811, the Prefect also held the office of Subprefect of Gand.

Term startTerm endOffice holder
14 January 181130 May 1814Pierre Louis Joseph Servais van Gobbelschroy

Subprefects of Sas-de-Gand

This subprefecture was replaced by Eccloo in 1803.

Term startTerm endOffice holder
1 June 180015 September 1800Aubert
15 September 180026 November 1802Robert
26 November 180214 January 1803François Pierre Eversdyck
14 January 180324 September 1803André Etienne Bazenerye

Subprefects of Termonde

Term startTerm endOffice holder
1 May 180030 May 1814Alexandre François Devos d’Ersele

References

References

  1. (1812). "Almanach Impérial". Imprimerie de Sa Majesté.
  2. Duvergier, Jean-Baptiste. (1835). "Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, réglemens et avis du Conseil d'état, t. 8".
  3. (1804). "Mémoire statistique du département de l'Escaut". Imprimerie de Sa Majesté.
  4. Archives Nationales. "FAIPOULT DE MAISONCELLES, Guillaume Charles".
  5. Archives Nationales. "HOUDETOT, Frédéric Christophe d'".
  6. Archives Nationales. "DELAITRE, Jean François Marie".
  7. Archives Nationales. "DESMOUSSEAUX DE GIVRÉ, Napoléon Jean-Évangéliste Émilien".
  8. BNF. "Étienne Lehodey de Saultchevreuil (1754-1830)".
  9. Tulard, Jean & Marie-José. (2014). "Napoléon et 40 millions de sujets: La centralisation et le premier empire". Tallandier.
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

former-departments-of-france-in-belgium former-departments-of-france-in-the-netherlands 1795-establishments-in-france history-of-east-flanders history-of-zeeland zeelandic-flanders states-and-territories-disestablished-in-1814
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