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Epicranial aponeurosis

Dense fibrous tissue covering the skull

Field	Value
Name	Epicranial aponeurosis
Latin	galea aponeurotica,
aponeurosis epicranialis,
aponeurosis epicrania
Image	1106 Side Views of the Muscles of Facial Expressions numbered.jpg
Caption	Muscles of the head, face, and neck. (Epicranial aponeurosis visible at top labeled 1.)
System	Skeletal

aponeurosis epicranialis, aponeurosis epicrania The epicranial aponeurosis (aponeurosis epicranialis, galea aponeurotica) is an aponeurosis (a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue). It covers the upper part of the skull in humans and many other animals.

Structure

In humans, the epicranial aponeurosis originates from the external occipital protuberance and highest nuchal lines of the occipital bone. It merges with the occipitofrontalis muscle. In front, it forms a short and narrow prolongation between its union with the frontalis muscle (the frontal part of the occipitofrontalis muscle).

On either side, the epicranial aponeurosis attaches to the anterior auricular muscles and the superior auricular muscles. Here it is less aponeurotic, and is continued over the temporal fascia to the zygomatic arch as a layer of laminated areolar tissue.

It is closely connected to the integument by the firm, dense, fibro-fatty layer which forms the superficial fascia of the scalp. It is attached to the pericranium by loose cellular tissue, which allows the aponeurosis, carrying with it the integument, to move through a considerable distance.

Clinical significance

Subgaleal haemorrhage is defined as bleeding between the epicranial aponeurosis and the skull. Conservative management is usually appropriate for these, as there is little risk of further damage to surrounding structures.

History

The epicranial aponeurosis is also known as the aponeurosis epicranialis (from Latin), and the galea aponeurotica.

Additional images

File:Gray1196.png|Diagrammatic section of scalp. 1106 Front Views of the Muscles of Facial Expressions numbered.jpg|Epicranial aponeurosis from a frontal view, labeled 1

References

(2016). "Developmental juvenile osteology". [[Academic Press]].
Stewart, Christopher C.. (2007). "Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine". [[Mosby (publisher).

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

muscles-of-the-head-and-neck

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