From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Enterovirus E

Species of virus

Bovine enterovirus

Enterovirus E (formerly bovine enterovirus (BEV)) is a picornavirus of the genus Enterovirus. The virus may also be referred to as enteric cytopathic bovine orphan virus (ECBO). It is endemic in cattle populations worldwide, and although normally fairly nonpathogenic, it can cause reproductive, respiratory, or enteric disease – particularly when the animal is concurrently infected with another pathogen.

The virus is spread horizontally by either the oral-fecal route or by the respiratory route. Viral shedding may occur for several months after initial infection. The virus has not been shown to transmit from animals to humans.

Virology

Structure and genome

In common with other picornaviruses, the capsid of BEV is composed of 60 copies of each of four structural proteins, VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4, in icosahedral symmetry,{{Cite journal | doi-access = free | hdl-access = free

Replication

To replicate, BEV must attach to the host cell surface receptor, penetrate into the cell cytoplasm, and the genome must be uncoated. The host cell surface receptor for BEV has yet to be identified, but is sensitive to neuraminidase.{{Cite journal

Genetic variability

BEVs were originally classified into seven serotypes, but are now accepted as falling into two serotypes, 1 and 2, which are further classified into subtypes.{{Cite journal

Signs and symptoms

Most cattle show no clinical signs when infected with the virus. However abortion, stillbirth, infertility, and neonatal mortality can occur following infection of the reproductive tract. Enteric signs include diarrhea and weight loss, and respiratory infection can produce a mucoid nasal discharge.

Diagnosis

As clinical signs are fairly nonspecific and bovine enterovirus is ubiquitous in cattle populations, other causes of disease must be ruled out before diagnosing enterovirus as the cause of disease. Electron microscopy, PCR, complement fixation, antibody fluorescence,{{Cite journal | doi-access = free

Treatment and control

Treatment is symptomatic. Appropriate isolation and hygiene measures should be employed to minimise the spread of disease during an outbreak.

Research

The virus has been investigated for its antitumor capabilities, as it is capable of replicating within breast cancer cell lines and producing a cytopathic effect in human monocytes.{{Cite journal | hdl-access = free

References

"International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)".

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

animal-viral-diseases enteroviruses bovine-diseases

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Enterovirus E — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report