From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Electron configurations of the elements (data page)

Chemical data page

This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states. For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell. For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s2 3p3. Here [Ne] refers to the core electrons which are the same as for the element neon (Ne), the last noble gas before phosphorus in the periodic table. The valence electrons (here 3s2 3p3) are written explicitly for all atoms.

Electron configurations of elements beyond hassium (element 108) have never been measured; predictions are used below. NOTOC As an approximate rule, electron configurations are given by the Aufbau principle and the Madelung rule. However there are numerous exceptions; for example the lightest exception is chromium, which would be predicted to have the configuration , written as , but whose actual configuration given in the table below is .

Note that these electron configurations are given for neutral atoms in the gas phase, which are not the same as the electron configurations for the same atoms in chemical environments. In many cases, multiple configurations are within a small range of energies and the irregularities shown below do not necessarily have a clear relation to chemical behaviour. For the undiscovered eighth-row elements, mixing of configurations is expected to be very important, and sometimes the result can no longer be well-described by a single configuration.

Legend	1 H hydrogen : 1s1	noble gas}}	2 He helium : 1s2	3 Li lithium : [He] 2s1	4 Be beryllium : [He] 2s2	5 B boron : [He] 2s2 2p1	6 C carbon : [He] 2s2 2p2	7 N nitrogen : [He] 2s2 2p3	8 O oxygen : [He] 2s2 2p4	9 F fluorine : [He] 2s2 2p5	noble gas}}	10 Ne neon : [He] 2s2 2p6	11 Na sodium : [Ne] 3s1	12 Mg magnesium : [Ne] 3s2	13 Al aluminium : [Ne] 3s2 3p1	14 Si silicon : [Ne] 3s2 3p2	15 P phosphorus : [Ne] 3s2 3p3	16 S sulfur : [Ne] 3s2 3p4
1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	7s	7p
1s1
1
1s2
2
1s2	2s1
2	1
1s2	2s2
2	2
1s2	2s2	2p1
2	3
1s2	2s2	2p2
2	4
1s2	2s2	2p3
2	5
1s2	2s2	2p4
2	6
1s2	2s2	2p5
2	7
1s2	2s2	2p6
2	8
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s1
2	8	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2
2	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p1
2	8	3
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p2
2	8	4
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p3
2	8	5
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p4
2	8	6
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p5
2	8	7
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6
2	8	8
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6		4s1
2	8	8	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6		4s2
2	8	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d1	4s2
2	8	9	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d2	4s2
2	8	10	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d3	4s2
2	8	11	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d5	4s1
2	8	13	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d5	4s2
2	8	13	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d6	4s2
2	8	14	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d7	4s2
2	8	15	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d8	4s2
2	8	16	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s1
2	8	18	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2
2	8	18	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p1
2	8	18	3
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p2
2	8	18	4
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p3
2	8	18	5
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p4
2	8	18	6
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p5
2	8	18	7
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6
2	8	18	8
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6			5s1
2	8	18	8	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6			5s2
2	8	18	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d1		5s2
2	8	18	9	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d2		5s2
2	8	18	10	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d4		5s1
2	8	18	12	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d5		5s1
2	8	18	13	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d5		5s2
2	8	18	13	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d7		5s1
2	8	18	15	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d8		5s1
2	8	18	16	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10
2	8	18	18
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10		5s1
2	8	18	18	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10		5s2
2	8	18	18	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10		5s2	5p1
2	8	18	18	3
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10		5s2	5p2
2	8	18	18	4
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10		5s2	5p3
2	8	18	18	5
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10		5s2	5p4
2	8	18	18	6
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10		5s2	5p5
2	8	18	18	7
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10		5s2	5p6
2	8	18	18	8
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10		5s2	5p6			6s1
2	8	18	18	8	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10		5s2	5p6			6s2
2	8	18	18	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10		5s2	5p6	5d1		6s2
2	8	18	18	9	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f1	5s2	5p6	5d1		6s2
2	8	18	19	9	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f3	5s2	5p6			6s2
2	8	18	21	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f4	5s2	5p6			6s2
2	8	18	22	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f5	5s2	5p6			6s2
2	8	18	23	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f6	5s2	5p6			6s2
2	8	18	24	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f7	5s2	5p6			6s2
2	8	18	25	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f7	5s2	5p6	5d1		6s2
2	8	18	25	9	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f9	5s2	5p6			6s2
2	8	18	27	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f10	5s2	5p6			6s2
2	8	18	28	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f11	5s2	5p6			6s2
2	8	18	29	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f12	5s2	5p6			6s2
2	8	18	30	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f13	5s2	5p6			6s2
2	8	18	31	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6			6s2
2	8	18	32	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d1		6s2
2	8	18	32	9	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d2		6s2
2	8	18	32	10	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d3		6s2
2	8	18	32	11	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d4		6s2
2	8	18	32	12	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d5		6s2
2	8	18	32	13	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d6		6s2
2	8	18	32	14	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d7		6s2
2	8	18	32	15	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d9		6s1
2	8	18	32	17	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10		6s1
2	8	18	32	18	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10		6s2
2	8	18	32	18	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10		6s2	6p1
2	8	18	32	18	3
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10		6s2	6p2
2	8	18	32	18	4
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10		6s2	6p3
2	8	18	32	18	5
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10		6s2	6p4
2	8	18	32	18	6
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10		6s2	6p5
2	8	18	32	18	7
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10		6s2	6p6
2	8	18	32	18	8
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10		6s2	6p6		7s1
2	8	18	32	18	8	1
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10		6s2	6p6		7s2
2	8	18	32	18	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10		6s2	6p6	6d1	7s2
2	8	18	32	18	9	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10		6s2	6p6	6d2	7s2
2	8	18	32	18	10	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f2	6s2	6p6	6d1	7s2
2	8	18	32	20	9	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f3	6s2	6p6	6d1	7s2
2	8	18	32	21	9	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f4	6s2	6p6	6d1	7s2
2	8	18	32	22	9	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f6	6s2	6p6		7s2
2	8	18	32	24	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f7	6s2	6p6		7s2
2	8	18	32	25	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f7	6s2	6p6	6d1	7s2
2	8	18	32	25	9	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f9	6s2	6p6		7s2
2	8	18	32	27	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f10	6s2	6p6		7s2
2	8	18	32	28	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f11	6s2	6p6		7s2
2	8	18	32	29	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f12	6s2	6p6		7s2
2	8	18	32	30	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f13	6s2	6p6		7s2
2	8	18	32	31	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6		7s2
2	8	18	32	32	8	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6		7s2	7p1
2	8	18	32	32	8	3
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d2	7s2
2	8	18	32	32	10	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d3	7s2
2	8	18	32	32	11	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d4	7s2
2	8	18	32	32	12	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d5	7s2
2	8	18	32	32	13	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d6	7s2
2	8	18	32	32	14	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d7	7s2
2	8	18	32	32	15	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d8	7s2
2	8	18	32	32	16	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d9	7s2
2	8	18	32	32	17	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d10	7s2
2	8	18	32	32	18	2
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d10	7s2	7p1
2	8	18	32	32	18	3
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d10	7s2	7p2
2	8	18	32	32	18	4
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d10	7s2	7p3
2	8	18	32	32	18	5
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d10	7s2	7p4
2	8	18	32	32	18	6
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d10	7s2	7p5
2	8	18	32	32	18	7
1s2	2s2	2p6	3s2	3p6	3d10	4s2	4p6	4d10	4f14	5s2	5p6	5d10	5f14	6s2	6p6	6d10	7s2	7p6
2	8	18	32	32	18	8

References

All sources concur with the data above except in the instances listed separately:

NIST

http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/IonEnergy/ionEnergy.html ; retrieved July 2005, (elements 1–104) based on:
- Atomic Spectroscopy, by W.C. Martin and W.L. Wiese in Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, ed. by G.W.F. Drake (AIP, Woodbury, NY, 1996) Chapter 10, pp. 135–153. This website is also cited in the CRC Handbook as source of Section 1, subsection Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State.
91 Pa : [Rn] 5f2(3H4) 6d 7s2
92 U : [Rn] 5f3(4Io9/2) 6d 7s2
93 Np : [Rn] 5f4(5I4) 6d 7s2
103 Lr : [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1 question-marked
104 Rf : [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 question-marked

CRC

David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 1, Basic Constants, Units, and Conversion Factors; Electron Configuration of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State. (elements 1–104)
Also subsection Periodic Table of the Elements, (elements 1–103) based on:
- G. J. Leigh, Editor, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1990.
- Chemical and Engineering News, 63(5), 27, 1985.
- Atomic Weights of the Elements, 1999, Pure Appl. Chem., 73, 667, 2001.

WebElements

http://www.webelements.com/ ; retrieved July 2005, electron configurations based on:
- Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics Handbook, Ed. Gordon W. F. Drake, American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, New York, 1996.
- J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, Harper Collins, New York, 1993.
- R.L. DeKock and H.B. Gray in Chemical Structure and bonding, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California, 1980.
- A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
103 Lr : [Rn].5f14.7s2.7p1 tentative ; 2.8.18.32.32.9.2 [inconsistent]
104 Rf : [Rn].5f14.6d2.7s2 tentative
105 Db : [Rn].5f14.6d3.7s2 (a guess based upon that of tantalum) ; 2.8.18.32.32.11.2
106 Sg : [Rn].5f14.6d4.7s2 (a guess based upon that of tungsten) ; 2.8.18.32.32.12.2
107 Bh : [Rn].5f14.6d5.7s2 (a guess based upon that of rhenium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.13.2
108 Hs : [Rn].5f14.6d6.7s2 (a guess based upon that of osmium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.14.2
109 Mt : [Rn].5f14.6d7.7s2 (a guess based upon that of iridium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.15.2
110 Ds : [Rn].5f14.6d9.7s1 (a guess based upon that of platinum) ; 2.8.18.32.32.17.1
111 Rg : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s1 (a guess based upon that of gold) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.1
112 Cn : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2 (a guess based upon that of mercury) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.2
113 Nh : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p1 (a guess based upon that of thallium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.3
114 Fl : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p2 (a guess based upon that of lead) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.4
115 Mc : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p3 (a guess based upon that of bismuth) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.5
116 Lv : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p4 (a guess based upon that of polonium) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.6
117 Ts : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p5 (a guess based upon that of astatine) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.7
118 Og : [Rn].5f14.6d10.7s2.7p6 (a guess based upon that of radon) ; 2.8.18.32.32.18.8

Lange

J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), online version, McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4, Table 4.1 Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements. (Elements 1–103)
97 Bk : [Rn] 5f8 6d 7s2
103 Lr : [Rn] 4f14 [sic] 6d 7s2

Hill and Petrucci

Hill and Petrucci, General Chemistry: An Integrated Approach (3rd edition), Prentice Hall. (Elements 1–106)
58 Ce : [Xe] 4f2 6s2
103 Lr : [Rn] 5f14 6d1 7s2

Hoffman, Lee, and Pershina

This book contains predicted electron configurations for the elements up to 172, as well as 184, based on relativistic Dirac–Fock calculations by B. Fricke in

References

Jørgensen, Christian K.. (1988). "Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths".
(2006). "Electronic Configurations and the Periodic Table for Superheavy Elements". Pleaides Publishing.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

atoms chemical-element-data-pages

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Electron configurations of the elements (data page) — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report