Electoral (Amendment) Act 1974

Background

The responsibility for drawing political boundaries was in the hands of the political parties and this had often been used for partisan advantage. The Minister for Local Government was directly responsible. Minister for Local Government James Tully's 1974 scheme proved to be more ambitious than most. By radically redrawing the boundaries in the Greater Dublin Area, creating a large number of three member constituencies rather than 4 or 5 member constituencies, it was hoped to capitalise on the relative weakness of the main opposition party Fianna Fáil in the capital. The hope was that both Fine Gael and Labour would win one seat each, leaving Fianna Fáil with a solitary seat in each constituency. This plan however relied on the Fianna Fáil vote remaining below the 40% mark in the Dublin area. In the event of it passing that figure, the danger was that Fianna Fáil could win two seats in each constituency even though other parties would have had a combined 60% of the vote. In practice, this is exactly what happened at the 1977 general election and the Tullymander scheme backfired.

A minor aspect of the constituency redrawing concerned the boundary of the constituencies of Meath and Louth. The Meath constituency had seen a population boom in the 1970s, as a result of improved economic performance. Therefore, an extra seat was to be expected. Tully himself was resident in Laytown at the time, and he tried to align the boundary of the Meath constituency so as to get extra votes from nearby expanding Drogheda included in Meath, and thereby bring in a second Labour TD in Meath.

Aftermath

The failure of this partisan scheme led to the creation of an independent Constituency Commission, chaired by a judge, starting with a special commission in 1980 under Justice Brian Walsh. The 1974 Act was repealed by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1980, which created a new schedule of constituencies first used at the general election for the 22nd Dáil held on 11 June 1981.

From 1997, the Constituency Commission was put on a statutory basis to manage constituency boundary revisions with set terms of reference. An independent commission was constituted after each population census under the chairpersonship of a judge of the High Court or Supreme Court to define constituencies in light of changing demographics.

In 2023, the powers of the Commission were absorbed by the newly established Electoral Commission.

Summary table of boundary changes

References

References

1. {{cite Irish legislation. (1974). (7 May 1974)
2. {{cite Irish legislation. (1974). (7 May 1974)
3. {{cite Irish legislation. (1980). (1 July 1980)
4. "Constituency Commission - Report".
5. (8 February 2023). "Electoral Reform Act 2022 (Establishment Day) Order 2023".
6. (9 February 2023). "An Coimisiún Toghcháin (The Electoral Commission) is formally established on a statutory footing". Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.
7. {{cite Irish legislation. (1969). (26 March 1969)
8. {{cite Irish legislation. (1974). (7 May 1974)