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Elections in England

Political elections for public offices in England

Summary

Political elections for public offices in England

There are five types of elections in England: elections to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elections to the devolved London Assembly, local council elections, metro mayor elections, and the Police and crime commissioner elections, in addition to by-elections for each aforementioned election. Elections are held on Election Day, which is conventionally a Thursday.

Under the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, all five types of elections are held after fixed periods, though early elections to the UK parliament occurred in both 2017 and 2019. After winning the 2019 election, the Conservative Party committed to repealing the FTPA. On 1 December 2020, in fulfilment of this manifesto pledge, the government published a draft Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 (Repeal) Bill, which would repeal the FTPA and revive the royal prerogative power of dissolving Parliament as it existed before the Act. The legislation was formally announced as the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Bill in the Queen's Speech of 11 May 2021, and granted Royal Assent on 24 March 2022.

The three electoral systems used for elections in England are: first-past-the-post (for UK elections and local elections, though individual local authorities are able to move to STV under recent legislation), the additional member system (for Mayor and London Assembly elections) and the supplementary vote (for Police and Crime Commissioner elections; although proposals by the UK Government to change Assembly, Mayor and PCC elections to FPTP have been made).

UK Parliament

Since 1918, the Conservative Party has predominantly received the most English votes in UK general elections, winning a plurality 21 times out of 29. The other seven elections (1945, 1950, 1951, 1966, October 1974, 1997, 2001 and 2024) saw the popular vote in England being won by the Labour Party.

1918

Main article: 1918 United Kingdom general election

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±
315	N/A	65.0	~3,140,000	39.5	N/A
107	22.1	~2,140,000	26.4
42	8.7	~1,810,000	22.5
21	2.5	~690,000	8.5
485	100	~8,050,000	100

1922

Main article: 1922 United Kingdom general election

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats
307	N/A	8	63.3	~4,810,000	41.1	N/A
95	43	19.6	~3,370,000	28.8
75	32	15.5	~3,210,000	27.2
8	13	1.6	~310,000	2.5
485	N/A	100	~11,700,000	100

1923

Main article: 1923 United Kingdom general election

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats
221	N/A	86	45.6	~4,730,000	39.8	N/A
138	43	28.5	~3,550,000	29.7
123	48	25.4	~3,570,000	29.9
3	5	0.62	~70,000	0.6
485	N/A	100	~11,930,000	100

1924

Main article: 1924 United Kingdom general election

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats
347	N/A	126	71.5	~6,460,000	47.7	N/A
109	29	22.4	~4,470,000	32.8
19	104	3.9	~3,390,000	17.6
10	7	1.9	~250,000	0.6
485	N/A	100	~13,560,000	100

1929

Main article: 1929 United Kingdom general election

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats
226	N/A	117	46.6	~6,850,000	36.9	N/A
221	126	45.5	~7,180,000	38.8
35	16	7.2	~4,340,000	23.6
3	7	2.0	~130,000	0.7
485	N/A	100	~18,500,000	100

1931

Main article: 1931 United Kingdom general election

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats
436	N/A	215	89.9	~11,480,000	63.3	N/A
29	197	5.98	~7,180,000	30.2
19	16	3.91	~1,040,000	6.0
1	2	0.2	~100,000	0.5
485	N/A	100	~18,080,000	100

1935

Main article: 1935 United Kingdom general election

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats
357	N/A	81	73.6	~9,990,000	54.5	N/A
116	87	23.9	~7,050,000	38.5
11	16	2.26	~1,110,000	6.3
1	2	0.2	~120,000	0.7
485	N/A	100	~18,270,000	100

1945

Main article: 1945 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
331	215	64.9	~9,970,000	48.5	10.0%
167	190	32.7	~8,270,000	40.2	14.5%
5	6	0.98	~1,910,000	9.4	3.1%
7	6	1.37	~380,000	1.9
510		100	~20,540,000	100

1950

Main article: 1950 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
251	80	49.6	~11,050,000	46.1	2.4 %
253	68	50.0	~10,500,000	43.8	3.6 %
2	3	0.39	~2,250,000	9.4
506		100	~23,950,000	100

1951

Main article: 1951 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
271	20	53.5	~11,620,000	48.76	4.9%
233	20	48.8	~11,630,000	48.80	2.7%
2		0.39	~530,000	2.2	7.1%
506		100	~23,830,000	100

1955

Main article: 1955 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
293	22	57.3	~11,170,000	50.4	1.6%
216	17	42.3	~10,360,000	46.8	2.0%
2		0.39	~570,000	2.7	0.5%
511		100	~22,140,000	100

1959

Main article: 1959 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
315	22	61.6	~11,560,000	50.0	0.4%
193	23	37.7	~10,090,000	43.6	3.2%
3	1	0.59	~1,450,000	6.3	3.6%
511		100	~23,130,000	100

1964

Main article: 1964 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
246	53	48.1	~9,980,000	43.5	0.1%
262	53	51.2	~10,110,000	44.1	5.9%
3		0.59	~2,780,000	12.1	5.8%
511		100	~22,940,000	100

1966

Main article: 1966 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
285	39	55.8	~10,890,000	48.0	4.5%
219	43	42.8	~9,690,000	42.7	1.4%
6	3	1.17	~2,040,000	9.0	3.1%
511		100	~22,690,000	100

1970

Main article: 1970 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
292	73	57.1	~11,280,000	48.3	5.6%
216	69	42.2	~10,130,000	43.4	4.6%
2	4	0.39	~1,850,000	7.9	1.1%
511		100	~23,360,000	100

February 1974

Main article: February 1974 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
237	21	45.9	~9,840,000	37.7	5.7%
268	24	51.9	~10,510,000	40.2	8.1%
9	7	1.75	~5,570,000	21.3	13.4%
516		100	~26,140,000	100

October 1974

Main article: October 1974 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
255	18	49.4	~9,700,000	40.1	2.4%
253	15	49.0	~9,410,000	38.9	1.3%
9	1	1.55	~4,880,000	20.2	1.1%
516		100	~24,190,000	100

1979

Main article: 1979 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
306	53	59.0	~12,260,000	47.2	8.3%
203	52	39.3	~9,530,000	36.7	3.4%
7	1	1.35	~3,880,000	14.9	5.3%
516		100	~25,970,000	100

1983

Main article: 1983 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
362	N/A	N/A	37	69.2	11,711,519	46.0	1.2
148	N/A	N/A	45	28.3	6,862,422	26.8	9.8
13	N/A	N/A	8	2.5	6,714,957	26.4	11.5
0	N/A	N/A		—	183,748	0.7	0.5
25,472,646	72.5

1987

Main article: 1987 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
358	9	13	4	68.5	12,546,186	46.2	0.2
155	13	6	7	29.6	8,006,466	29.5	2.5
10	2	5	3	1.9	6,467,350	23.8	2.4
0	0	0		—	113,520	0.4	0.3
27,133,522	75.4	2.9

1992

Main article: 1992 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
319	1	40	39	60.9	12,796,772	45.5	0.8
195	40	0	40	37.2	9,551,910	33.9	4.4
10	4	4		1.9	5,398,293	19.2	4.7
0	0	0		—	401,531	1.4	1.0
28,148,506	78.0

1997

Main article: 1997 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats	Total votes	% votes
328	133	1	132	62.0	11,347,882	43.5	9.6
165	0	159	159	31.2	8,780,881	33.7	11.8
34	26	1	25	6.4	4,677,565	18.0	1.3
0	0	0		—	746,624	2.9	N/A
0	0	0		—	103,521	0.4	N/A
1	1	0	1	0.2	69,464	0.3	0.2
0	0	0		—	60,013	0.2	0.4
0	0	0		—	44,516	0.2
0	0	0		—	44,114	0.2	N/A
0	0	0		—	35,181	0.1	0.1
0	0	0		—	25,958	0.1	0.1
0	0	0		—	24,447	0.1
1	1	0	1	0.2	24,447	0.1	N/A
0	0	0		—	18,667	0.1
Prolife Alliance	0	0	0		—	13,890	0.1	N/A
0	0	0		—	42,020	0.2	N/A
26,058,712	71.5	6.5

2001

Main article: 2001 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
323	1	6	5	61.1	9,056,824	41.4	2.1
165	8	8		31.2	7,705,870	35.2	1.5
40	8	2	6	8.1	4,246,853	19.4	1.5
0	0	0		—	374,775	1.7	1.3
0	0	0		—	158,173	0.7	0.5
0	0	1	1	—	79,559	0.4	0.1
0	0	0		—	55,295	0.3	N/A
0	0	0		—	51,299	0.2	0.1
0	0	0		—	46,851	0.2	0.1
1	1	0	1	0.2	28,487	0.1	N/A
0	0	0		—	13,302	0.1	0.1
0	0	0	1	—	53,474	0.2	N/A
21,870,762	59.1	12.2

2005

Main article: 2005 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats	Total votes	% votes
286	0	37	37	54.1	8,043,461	35.4	6.0
194	32	3	29	36.7	8,116,005	35.7	0.5
47	12	5	7	8.9	5,201,286	22.9	3.6
1	1	0	1	0.2	67,422	0.3	0.3
1	0	0		0.2	18,739	0.1
0	0	0		0.0	592,417	2.6	0.9
0	0	0		0.0	251,051	1.1	0.4
0	0	0		0.0	189,570	0.8	0.6
0	0	0		0.0	39,044	0.2	New
0	0	0		0.0	17,547	0.1
Others	0	0	0		0.0	177,343	0.8	N/A
22,713,855	61.0	1.9

2010

Main article: 2010 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats	Total votes
297	95	4	91	55.7	9,908,169	39.5	3.8
191	2	89	87	35.8	7,042,398	28.1	7.4
43	8	12	4	8.1	6,076,189	24.2	1.3
0	0	0		—	866,633	3.5	0.9
0	0	0		—	532,333	2.1	1.3
1	0	0	1	0.2	258,954	1.0	0.1
0	0	0		—	64,826	0.3	0.2
0	0	0	1	—	33,251	0.1	0.2
1	1	0	1	0.2	22,860	0.1
0	0	0	1	—	16,150	0.1
0	0	0	0	—	15,841	0.1	N/A
0	0	0	0	—	10,400	0.0
0	0	0	0	—	8,404	0.0	N/A
0	0	0	0	—	4,368	0.0
0	0	0	0	—	224,341	0.9
25,085,097	65.5	4.5

2015

Main article: 2015 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats	Total votes	% votes
318	32	11	21	59.7	10,483,261	40.9	1.4
206	21	6	15	38.6	8,087,684	31.6	3.6
1	1	0	1	0.2	3,611,367	14.1	10.7
6	0	37	37	1.1	2,098,404	8.2	16.0
1	0	0		0.2	1,073,242	4.2	3.2
1	0	0		0.2	34,617	0.1
0	0	0		—	32,868	0.1	0.1
0	0	0		—	20,210	0.1	New
0	0	0		—	9,989	0.0	0.1
0	0	0		—	6,811	0.0	New
0	0	0		—	6,431	0.0	0.2
0	0	0		—	4,569	0.0	New
0	0	0		—	3,432	0.0
0	0	0		—	3,260	0.0
0	0	0		—	1,667	0.0	2.1
0	0	0		—	526	0.0	New
0	0	0		—	127,133	0.5	0.2
						25,571,204	65.9	0.4

2017

Main article: 2017 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats	Total votes	% votes
296	8	30	22	55.5	12,344,901	45.4	4.4
227	27	6	21	42.6	11,390,099	41.9	10.3
8	5	3	2	1.5	2,121,810	7.8	0.4
0	0	1	1	—	557,390	2.1	12.1
1	0	0		0.2	506,969	1.9	2.3
1	0	0		0.2	34,299	0.1
0	0	0		—	20,958	0.1	0.1
0	0	0		—	16,119	0.1
0	0	0		—	5,869	0.0
0	0	0		—	4,642	0.0
0	0	0		—	3,733	0.0
0	0	0		—	3,066	0.0
0	0	0		—	1,913	0.0
0	0	0		—	1,875	0.0
0	0	0		—	771	0.0
0	0	0		—	321	0.0
Others	0	0	0		—	151,054	0.6	0.4

2019

Main article: 2019 United Kingdom general election in England

Seats	Votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net ±	% seats	Total votes	% votes
345	52	3	49	64.7	12,710,845	47.2	1.7
180	1	48	47	33.7	9,152,034	34.0	7.9
7	2	3	1	1.3	3,340,835	12.4	4.6
1	0	0		0.2	819,751	3.0	1.2
0	0	0		—	545,172	2.0	2.0
0	0	0		—	29,201	0.1
0	0	0		—	18,891	0.1	2.0
0	0	0		—	10,876	0.0
0	0	0		—	10,006	0.0	new
0	0	0		—	9,394	0.0
0	0	0		—	6,246	0.0
0	0	0		—	3,086	0.0
0	0	0		—	3,000	0.0
0	0	0		—	1,987	0.0
0	0	0		—	1,375	0.0
0	0	0		—	524	0.0
0	0	0		—	351	0.0	new
Others	0	0	0		—	246,094	0.9	0.8
26,909,668	67.4	1.7

Note: the above figures include the Speaker being counted in the Labour totals, despite the Speaker being non-partisan.

2024

Main article: 2024 United Kingdom general election in England

Party	Seats	Aggregate votes	Total	Gains	Losses	Net	Of all (%)	Total
	347	173	7	166	63.9	8,339,884	34.3	0.5
	116	1	230	229	21.4	6,279,411	25.9	21.3
	5	5	0	5	0.9	3,726,224	15.3	13.3
	65	59	0	59	12.0	3,199,060	13.2	0.8
	4	3	0	3	0.7	1,780,226	7.3	4.3
	5	5	0	5	0.9	513,266	2.1	1.4
	0	0	0		—	208,234	0.9	0.9
	1	0	0		0.2	25,238	0.1
	0	0	0		—	33,385	0.1	0.1
	0	0	0		—	17,227	0.0
	0	0	0		—	10,507	0.0
	0	0	0		—	9,245	0.0
	0	0	0		—	5,894	0.0
	0	0	0		—	5,617	0.0
	0	0	0		—	5,604	0.0
	0	0	0		—	5,441	0.0
	0	0	0		—	5,421	0.0
	0	0	0		—	5,182	0.0
	0	0	0		—	5,077	0.0
	0	0	0		—	2,872	0.0
	0	0	0		—	2,397	0.0
	0	0	0		—	1,863	0.0
	0	0	0		—	1,585	0.0
	Others	0	0	0		—	99,262	0.9
543		24,288,122	60.0	7.4

London mayor

Main article: London mayoral elections

The mayor of London is elected by the supplementary vote method for a fixed term of four years, with elections taking place in May. As with most elected posts in the United Kingdom, there is a deposit (in this case of £10,000), which is returnable on the candidate's winning of at least 5% of the first-choice votes cast.

References

Worthy, Ben. (19 April 2017). "Theresa May's snap election: historic or Pyrrhic?". [[London School of Economics]].
Butterworth, Benjamin. (29 October 2019). "General election 2019: UK snap election to be held on 12 December after Boris Johnson wins Commons vote 438-20". [[i (British newspaper).
"Get Brexit Done: the Conservative and Unionist Party Manifesto 2019".
(1 December 2020). "Government to fulfil manifesto commitment and scrap Fixed-term Parliaments Act".
Blewett, Sam. (11 May 2021). "A brief look at the Bills included in the Queen's Speech". [[Evening Standard]].
Woodcock, Andrew. (16 March 2021). "Priti Patel under fire over plan to change voting system for London mayor". [[The Independent]].
(18 August 2021). "UK Election Statistics: 1918-2021: A Century of Elections". [[House of Commons Library]].
(1984). "GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS, 9 JUNE 1983".
(1989). "GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS, 11 JUNE 1987".
(1993). "GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS, 9 APRIL 1992".
(9 May 1997). "General election results 1 May 1997".
Morgan, Bryn. (12 June 2021). "General election results, 7 June 2001".
(10 May 2005). "Election 2005 {{!}} Results {{!}} England". [[BBC News]].
"Election 2010 Results England". BBC News.
[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election/2015/results/england Election 2015 Results England] BBC News
"England Results". BBC News.
"Results of the 2019 General Election in England". BBC News.
"Results of the 2024 General Election in England". BBC News.

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