Elassona

History

Due to its location on the passes leading from the Thessalian plain to Macedonia, the site of Elassona was always of some strategic importance.

Antiquity and Middle Ages

Elassona was known as Oloosson (Ὀλοοσσών) in antiquity. In the Iliad it was mentioned in Homer's Catalogue of Ships, providing armed contingents that supported the Greek side in the Trojan War.

In the early Byzantine period it was known as grc-x-byzant, and was one of the sites refortified under Justinian I (). the modern name first appears in the writings of the 12th-century scholar and archbishop Eustathius of Thessalonica, who considered it "barbaric". At the turn of the 14th century, the Panagia Olympiotissa Monastery was founded on the hilltop citadel. In 1304, Guy II de la Roche, Duke of Athens, passed through during a campaign against the Despotate of Epirus.

Following the death of Stephen Gabrielopoulos in 1333, Elassona was one of the Thessalian towns (along with Stagoi, Trikala, Damasis, and Fanari) that for a short while fell under the rule of the Epirote ruler John II Orsini (). Under Andronikos III Palaiologos (), privileges were granted to the Olympiotissa monastery, and the town became the seat of an archbishopric, a status it retained into the Ottoman period.

Ottoman Era

The Ottoman tax registry of 1521 counted 311 Christian and 35 Muslim households in Elassona. In the Ottoman tahrir defter of 1544, the town included Selanik Yörüks, who had military obligations that required them to give five soldiers (eşküncü) and 20 assistants (yamaks) per household (ocak). During the Ottoman period devshirme was practiced in the area and janissaries were recruited from Elassona (ota in Ottoman Turkish) as shown in an Ottoman register of 1603–1604. Some Christians of Elassona also rebelled in 1821 under the armatole captain of Elassona. However, in less than a year they asked for amnesty under the same captain and stated that the reaya of some other localities are about to follow suit and were granted amnesty. The Ottomans declared in February 1822 that if the rebellious reaya beg for pardon, their appeal were to be accepted, so long as they meet the specified conditions.

In the 1881–1893 census of the Ottoman Empire, the kaza of Elassona had a total population of 26,855; consisting of 24,631 Greek Orthodox, 2,188 Muslims, 15 Jews, one Armenian, and 20 foreign citizens. Unlike the rest of Thessaly, which was annexed by Greece in 1881, Elassona remained part of the Ottoman Empire until 1912, when it joined Greece (along with Crete, Macedonia and Epirus) following its victory in the Balkan Wars.

Municipality

The municipality Elassona was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 9 former municipalities, that became municipal units:

• Antichasia
• Elassona
• Karya
• Livadi
• Olympos
• Potamia
• Sarantaporo
• Tsaritsani
• Verdikoussa

Subdivisions

The municipal unit of Elassona is divided into the following communities:

• Elassona (Elassona, Agioneri, Aetorrachi, Mikro Eleftherochori)
• Drymos
• Evangelismos
• Galanovrysi
• Kefalovryso
• Palaiokastro
• Stefanovouno (Stefanovouno, Lefki)
• Valanida (Valanida, Kleisoura)

Municipal changes

Until March 15, 2006, Tsaritsani was part of the municipality (now municipal unit) of Elassona and functioned as a municipal district. Under the law 3448/15-3-2006, Tsaritsani got separated from the municipality and declared a commune. The loss of its population and land leaves the remaining municipality with an adjusted 2001 census population of 12,056 and a land area of 291.097 km².

Province

The province of Elassona () was one of the provinces of the Larissa Prefecture. It had the same territory as the present municipality. It was abolished in 2006.

Population

Geography

The municipality Elassona has an area of 1565.2 km2, the municipal unit Elassona has an area of 291.097 km2 (excluding Tsaritsani), and the community Elassona has an area of 102.515 km2.

Its geography includes farmlands in the valley areas, the mountains to the west and east and forests in the west and east as well as grasslands, ledges are to be founded in some areas and barren area in the higher elevations.

The rivers Elassonitis (or Elassonitikos) and Titarisio flow through Elassona and they both flow into the Pineios River, Thessaly's longest river. The river divides the town into two parts, the older city built on the Olympiotissa hill and is also Varosi or Varossi (Βαρόσι), and the new city on the right bank of the river. These two parts of the city are connected by four bridges, one of which is an ancient stone arch bridge. The other part is near the Kefalovrysi Lake.

Melissotrypa Cave near Kefalovryso is one of just a handful of caves identified worldwide whose ecosystems support life based on chemosynthesis, rather than photosynthesis.

Transportation

Elassona is linked with the old GR-3 and is bypassed to the east. Elassona is located 70 km southwest of Katerini, 38 km NNW of Larissa (old: about 50 km), 22 km NW of Tyrnavos (old: 30 km), east of Deskati and Grevena and 78 km ESE of Kozani.

Landmarks and monuments

• Elassona Mosque
• Panagia Olympiotissa Monastery
• Agia Triada Monastery, Sparmos

Footnotes

References

References

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2. (28 July 2017). "Ancient Macedonia". Routledge.
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4. {{harvnb. Ünal. 2013
5. {{harvnb. Ünal. 2013
6. Yılmaz, Gülay. (2015-12-01). "The Devshirme System and the Levied Children of Bursa in 1603–4". Belleten.
7. Ilıcak, H. Şükrü. (2021). "Those Infidel Greeks: The Greek War of Independence through Ottoman Archival Documents". Brill.
8. Karpat, Kemal H.. (1985). "Ottoman Population, 1830–1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics". [[University of Wisconsin Press]].
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10. "ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities". [[Government Gazette (Greece).
11. "Detailed census results 1991".
12. "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)". National Statistical Service of Greece.
13. Sârbu, Şerban M. [https://aca.pensoft.net/article/87132/ "The fascinating biology of stinky caves"], ARPHA Conference Abstracts, 25th International Conference on Subterranean Biology, Cluj-Napoca, 18–22 July 2022. Re-accessed 23 March 2024.
14. Chiciudean, I., Russo, G., Bogdan, D.F. ''et al.'' [https://environmentalmicrobiome.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40793-022-00438-w "Competition-cooperation in the chemoautotrophic ecosystem of Movile Cave: first metagenomic approach on sediments."] ''Environmental Microbiome'' '''17''', 44 (2022). Permanent {{URL. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-022-00438-w. Re-accessed 23 March 2024.