Dutch Flat, California

History

Dutch Flat was founded by two German brothers, Joseph and Charles Dornbach, who settled there in 1851 during the California Gold Rush.

To the south of their settlement was the busy mining camp of Green Valley, where 2,000 men were at work when the Dornbachs arrived. Across the Bear River in Nevada County was another camp, Little York, and just west, a trading post at Cold Springs (later known as Gold Run). All these camps were supplied by mule train from Illinoistown, near today's Colfax. Mule drivers referred to the Dornbachs' camp as 'Dutch Charlie's Flat,' and thus the town was named. During this period many Germans were referred as 'Dutch' as a shorthand for Deutschland. In the 1870s an attempt was made to change the name to 'German Level'.

The Dutch Flat post office opened in 1856.

Stagecoach stop

While Dutch Flat was originally settled by miners, it first gained prominence as an important stagecoach stop, making it one of the largest and most important towns in Placer County from about 1864 to 1866. In the fall of 1866, however, the railroad had reached Cisco, 20 mi further up the ridge, and Dutch Flat lost most of its importance as a stage stop.

Judah may have been the most vocal critic of the Dutch Flat–Donner Pass Wagon Road, but he wasn't the only opponent. San Francisco investors, Sierra miners, and even the general public believed that the Central Pacific Railroad was focused only on getting their line built to Dutch Flat. Other Californians believed the whole railroad construction project a scam and that no one, not even "Crazy Judah", had ever really figured out a practicable route through the Sierra range.

The perception of greed and avarice raised the ire of many. San Francisco newspapers boldly accused the Central Pacific of planning only to lay track up to Dutch Flat and no further. Numerous articles and pamphlets arguing against the "Great Dutch Flat Swindle!" flooded the press. San Francisco's Alta California editorialized, "The Sacramentans Big Four are determined to have no railroad but Dutch Flat. The Capital City has aided in the raid upon this county for $80,000, upon Placer County for $25,000, and upon the state for millions. There will never be a railroad via Dutch Flat to Nevada Territory. There are obstacles which cannot be overcome. The Pacific Railroad will follow another route, not through Sacramento or anywhere else in the vicinity."

Despite the intense backlash, there was never any foundation to the stories spread by detractors of the Central Pacific Railroad. Judah's successor as chief engineer, Samuel S. Montague, was immediately ordered to continue surveying the future route as far as the "Big Bend of the Truckee River" (where it turns north toward Pyramid Lake), more than 40 mi east of the California border. Obviously, there was no doubt among the Big Four that the Central Pacific line would eventually connect with the Union Pacific somewhere in Utah or the Nevada territory.

Mining

Mining operations at Dutch Flat reached their peak during the 1870s, with thousands of miners working the surrounding area. Prior to the 1870s, gold mining was often a solitary and small-scale pursuit. In 1872, however, the Cedar Creek Company of London purchased over 30 claims in the area and began working them in a more aggressive and industrial fashion, employing hydraulic mining to reach hitherto unreachable deposits of gold by literally blasting it out of alluvial deposits with high-pressure water cannons known as "monitors". The many dozens of mining claims dividing the old channel gravels beside Dutch Flat and Gold Run made for a thriving economy. In January 1884, however, in a historic verdict, a United States District Court banned the flushing of debris into streams. Implementing the decision was difficult, as many miners refused to accept the court decision. Court challenges were filed, injunctions were disobeyed, inspectors were threatened with violence, but eventually hydraulic operations were brought to an end.

Lumber

Lumber was a prominent industry in Dutch Flat's history. From 1861 to 1907, the Towle Brothers Lumber Company was among the largest in the state, owning over 20000 acre of land, with a private narrow-gauge railroad 38 mi long, and employing a workforce of around 200 men, including fifty Chinese workers.

Chinatown

Dutch Flat's Chinatown began in the 1850s, and by the late 1860s, when the transcontinental railroad was under construction, it was one of the largest Chinese settlements outside of San Francisco. In 1853, Dutch Flat had a population of 6,000 including 3,500 Chinese. In 1877 Old Chinatown burned down, and the settlement relocated south of town, near the Dutch Flat Depot on the Central Pacific Railroad. Adjoining the pioneer American cemetery just above the town is the Chinese burial grounds.

thumb|left|"Muck-a-Muck, the haughty, untaught, untrammeled son of the forest (after Cooper)." Illustration for Bret Harte's Condensed Novels (first edition).

Culture

In the 19th century, Dutch Flat was referred to by residents as "the Athens of the Foothills". It had a thriving amateur dramatical society and debating society, and Mark Twain lectured at its Opera House. Dutch Flat was also frequently mentioned in works by Bret Harte, including "Muck-A-Muck: A Modern Indian Novel After Cooper".

Present

As of October 2009, Dutch Flat had 333 residents. The town is designated "semi-ghost" and while tourism makes up much of the local economy, many of its current residents are retirees, families and professionals who commute to nearby jobs.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 0.6 square miles (1.5 km2), all of it land.

Climate

Dutch Flat has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa) that is characterized by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. (Köppen climate classification Csa) |Jan record high F = 77 |Feb record high F = 80 |Mar record high F = 85 |Apr record high F = 91 |May record high F = 102 |Jun record high F = 111 |Jul record high F = 113 |Aug record high F = 112 |Sep record high F = 106 |Oct record high F = 101 |Nov record high F = 87 |Dec record high F = 75 |Jan record low F = 22 |Feb record low F = 21 |Mar record low F = 26 |Apr record low F = 34 |May record low F = 37 |Jun record low F = 46 |Jul record low F = 50 |Aug record low F = 49 |Sep record low F = 42 |Oct record low F = 35 |Nov record low F = 27 |Dec record low F = 20

Demographics

|align-fn=center 1850–1870 1880-1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Dutch Flat first appeared as a census designated place in the 2010 U.S. census.

The 2020 United States census reported that Dutch Flat had a population of 183. The population density was 308.6 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Dutch Flat was 159 (86.9%) White, 1 (0.5%) African American, 2 (1.1%) Native American, 0 (0.0%) Asian, 1 (0.5%) Pacific Islander, 2 (1.1%) from other races, and 18 (9.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21 persons (11.5%).

The whole population lived in households. There were 86 households, out of which 10 (11.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 36 (41.9%) were married-couple households, 13 (15.1%) were cohabiting couple households, 18 (20.9%) had a female householder with no partner present, and 19 (22.1%) had a male householder with no partner present. 23 households (26.7%) were one person, and 13 (15.1%) were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.13.

The age distribution was 28 people (15.3%) under the age of 18, 16 people (8.7%) aged 18 to 24, 36 people (19.7%) aged 25 to 44, 42 people (23.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 61 people (33.3%) who were 65years of age or older. The median age was 54.2years. There were 97 males and 86 females.

There were 127 housing units at an average density of 214.2 /mi2, of which 86 (67.7%) were occupied. Of these, 58 (67.4%) were owner-occupied, and 28 (32.6%) were occupied by renters.

Tourism

Recently, residents of Dutch Flat have sought to increase tourism by asking the state Department of Transportation for a sign on I-80 saying Dutch Flat is a national historic landmark. The Golden Drift Museum on Main Street is open in summer. Historic buildings of note include the Dutch Flat Hotel (1853), Methodist Church (1861), old Dutch Flat Elementary School (1898), Odd Fellows Building and the Masonic Hall (both pre-1856), and the Dutch Flat Cemetery. Dutch Flat is near all mountain recreation areas and only a short distance from snow and water skiing, fishing, biking, kayaking, gold panning and hiking the abundant mountain trails. The town hosts a parade on the 4th of July.

Literature

Dutch Flat has been mentioned or used as a setting by the following authors:

• Mark Twain, who derided Dutch Flat poetry as "smooth and blubbery" in a small piece for the 1864 Californian. He also noted Dutch Flat as the death place of "George," the subject of his essay "General Washington's Negro Body Servant: A Biographical Sketch."
• Bret Harte used Dutch Flat as a location for "Muck-A-Muck: A Modern Indian Novel After Cooper" and for "Wan Lee the Pagan."

References

References

1. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau.
2. {{GNIS. 2628726
3. {{gnis. 259631
4. unincorporated community]] and [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Placer County, California. Placer County]], California, United States, about {{convert. 30. mi. km. 0 northeast of [[Auburn, California. 397. Dutch Flat. 2012-10-11
5. Towle, Russell (1994). ''The Dutch Flat Chronicles'', Giant Gap Press.
6. (1998). "California place names : the origin and etymology of current geographical names". University of California Press.
7. {{California's Geographic Names. 479
8. McLaughlin, Mark. (July 29, 2004). "The Big Four and the 'Dutch Flat swindle'". Sierra Sun.
9. Towle Brothers Company records, 1861–1907, online archive of California
10. Harte, Bret, ''Condensed Novels'', 1871: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2277
11. Fletcher, Ed. "Tourist Gold Elusive in Dutch Flat", ''The Sacramento Bee'', October 2008: [http://www.sacbee.com/288/story/2278114.html]{{dead link. (October 2025)
12. http://www.ghosttowns.com Web site
13. "Decennial Census by Decade".
14. "1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Almeda County to Sutter County".
15. "1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Tehama County to Yuba County".
16. "1890 Census of Population - Population of California by Minor Civil Divisions".
17. "1900 Census of Population - Population of California by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions".
18. "1910 Census of Population - Supplement for California".
19. "1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California".
20. "1930 Census of Population - Number and Distribution of Inhabitants - California".
21. "1940 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California".
22. "1950 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California".
23. "1960 Census of Population - General population Characteristics - California".
24. "1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California".
25. "1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California".
26. "1990 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California".
27. "2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California".
28. "2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California".
29. "Dutch Flat CDP, California; DP1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics - 2020 Census of Population and Housing".
30. "Dutch Flat CDP, California; P16: Household Type - 2020 Census of Population and Housing".
31. Fletcher, Ed. "Tourist Gold Elusive in Dutch Flat", ''The Sacramento Bee'', October 2008: [http://www.sacbee.com/288/story/2278114.html]{{dead link. (October 2025)
32. Dutch Flat Chamber of Commerce Website, http://www.colfaxarea.com/dutchflat.php"
33. Originally published in Sheldon & Co.'s New York City literary magazine, ''The Galaxy'', in February 1868.
34. Harte, Bret, "Tales of the Argonauts", 1875: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2886