Druzhkivka

Geography

The city is located at the confluence of the Kryvyi Torets and Kazennyi Torets rivers (the Seversky Donets basin), the distance to the city Donetsk is 80 km. There is a railway station. The distance to Druzhkivka from Donetsk is about 66 km (75 km by road, 72 km by rail). The distance to Kyiv is about 543 km (739 km by road, 656 km by rail).

History

Early history

The first mention of Druzhkovka dates back to 1781 (“Information on the lands of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate”). Historical records indicate that a settlement named Druzhkivka was established in this area by 1781. From the late 19th through the 20th century, Druzhkivka grew into a mid-size industrial city with several large factories producing mining equipment and machinery, hardware, kitchen stoves, china tableware and bricks, as well as several clay-extracting quarries in the city's vicinity. In 1870, during the construction of the Kursk-Kharkiv-Azov Railway, Druzhkovka station was built 6 km north of the Parshakovka settlement, giving rise to a workers' settlement (which later included the settlement).

20th century

By the beginning of the 20th century, the village of Druzhkovka in the Bakhmut uezd of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate had several factories: an iron foundry and a steel foundry (the main product was rails, built by the French), a steel foundry and a mechanical plant (equipment for railways: carriages, springs, built by the Belgians), as well as a sugar factory (built in 1873). At that time, the village had a population of about 6,000 people. In 1893, the Donetsk Society of Railway and Steel Production, founded by the French, began building the Toretsk Metallurgical Plant. In 1896, Kuprin toured the Donetsk Basin with a correspondent's certificate. In May, he spent several days in the village. Druzhkovka, Yekaterinoslav province, getting acquainted with the local rail rolling plant and studying the working conditions of the workers there.

By 1913, Druzhkovka's population had reached 13,500. At the beginning of the 20th century, many peasants from the Oryol and Kursk provinces resettled here. Residents were served by two hospitals and four elementary schools. The village of Yakovlevsky had two churches and a Catholic church. After the February Revolution of 1917, the village was granted city status. The number of city council members was set at 32.

During the first five-year plans, the largest hardware plant in the USSR (1929), a power plant, and new workshops at the metallurgical plant were built. On October 27, 1938, the settlement of Druzhkovka received city status. By 1939, 32,000 people lived there, and the housing stock had tripled compared to 1913. There was a hospital and four first-aid stations, eight comprehensive schools, a workers' faculty, an evening department of a mechanical engineering technical school, a cinema, two clubs, and a stadium.

World War II

During World War II, Druzhkivka was occupied by the German army from 22 October 1941, to 6 February 1943, and again from 9 February to 6 September 1943. During their occupation, the SS killed many local Jews. A witness from the village described the SS hanging Jews along the railway.

The killing of the Jewish population was carried out by operational teams of the Security Police and the Security Service (SD), which followed the forward units of the Wehrmacht. In the Druzhkivka area, Sonderkommando 4b and Einsatzgruppe 6 operated. The German occupation authorities issued orders for the Jews to undertake forced labour and made it compulsory for them to wear identifying armbands featuring the Star of David. The earliest documented killings of Jews in Druzhkivka date back to December 1941. Local auxiliary police compiled the lists of people and then helped to arrange shootings.

By February 1942, a total of 148 Jews remained in Druzhkivka, mostly women, children and the elderly. Nearly all of them were shot dead by Germans within the period February 1942 to May 1943. The number and names of those killed, the sites and dates of the shootings, the perpetrators of the crimes and the stories of hiding and rescue have not been fully established to this day. Long after the Soviet (de)occupation of Druzhkivka on 6 September 1943, the repercussions of Nazi terror and violence haunted the surviving victims.

After World War II

During the 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine the town was captured in mid-April 2014 by pro-Russian separatists. The city was eventually recaptured by Ukrainian forces on 7 July 2014, along with Bakhmut.

Economy

Over 60% of the population works in industry. The city's main enterprises:

• Druzhkivskiy Machine-Building Plant
• Druzhkivskiy Hardware Plant (metal products) is the largest enterprise in the entire CIS producing mechanical engineering and railway fasteners. The company has mastered the production of new high-strength bolts for building structures (including bridges), as well as metal structures used in heavy engineering.
• Druzhkivskiy Gas Equipment Plant (PJSC Greta) produces various models of gas stoves and household electric stoves.
• Druzhkivka Porcelain Factory
• Druzhkivka Mine Administration
• Druzhkivka Computer Equipment Repair Plant
• Druzhkivka Food Flavoring Factory
• Druzhkivka Bakery

In 2010, industrial sales totaled 2 billion 640 million UAH. The machine-building plant accounted for the largest share (approximately 54%) of total sales. The hardware plant accounted for almost 14%, Vesko 14%, Greta 11%, and the mine administration and Kondratyevsky Refractory Plant each accounted for 6%.

Finance

In 2008 — UAH 48 million, including: UAH 32 million for education, UAH 26.4 million for healthcare, UAH 35.7 million for social protection, UAH 3.07 million for culture, UAH 2.37 million for housing and utilities, and UAH 8.56 million for administration. The main source of budget revenue is personal income tax, which accounts for over 80% of the budget.

In 2020 — UAH 402.7 million, the main source being tax revenues, which account for 58.7% of the budget (76.48% of which is personal income tax).

Transportation

Rail & Bus transport

Druzhkivka station is served by 18 pairs of commuter trains and 10 trains. From here, you can travel directly to Kyiv, Poltava, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Odesa, Kryvyi Rih, and Ivano-Frankivsk. There are two train stations in Druzhkivka: Druzhkivka and 1057 km. National highway H-20 passes through Druzhkivka, where the bus station is located.

Public transport

There are 21 city buses running in Druzhkovka, 14 suburban buses, and 3 intercity buses (not including routes passing through the city along the highway, but still entering it) (non-inbound) bus routes. The fare on public city bus routes is 6 hryvnias per trip as of June 9, 2021.

In Druzhkivka, tramway transport is operated by "KP Druzhkivka AvtoElectroTrans", which is partially provided by Druzhkivka City Council. Since 2015, the city's tram fleet has been actively updated. In 3 years, 9 TatraT3SU and TatraT3SUCS carriages, brought from the Czech Republic and Kharkiv, were transferred to the municipal enterprise. All carriages underwent major repairs in Kharkiv before arriving in the city. As of January 2019, the number of trams on the line is 4-8 carriages. There are 3 regular routes (1, 2 and 4), as well as the "Night" route on all city routes. On 1 November 2025, due to regular shelling, electricity shortages, the security situation, and the evacuation of the population, the city authorities decided to permanently suspend tram traffic.

Social sphere

Education

• 14 schools: 12 comprehensive schools (School No. 1, School No. 3, School No. 4, School No. 6, School No. 7, School No. 8, School No. 9, School No. 10, School No. 11, School No. 12, School No. 14, and School No. 17), the Intellect Gymnasium, and Druzhkovka Vocational Lyceum No. 36 (since 1940, Sobornaya St., 8)
• Druzhkovka Technical School of the Dagestan State Medical Academy, Sobornaya, 32. Currently a structural division of the Donbas State Machine-Building Academy.
• Housing and Communal Services College of the Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, st. Lomonosova, 1
• Children's and Youth Creativity Center
• Young Technicians' Station of the Hardware Plant

Media

Newspapers: "Druzhkovsky Rabochy", "Druzhkovka on the Palms+", "Druzhkovsky Mashinostroitel", "Nasha Druzhkovka", "Druzhkovka City".

From 1994 to 2004, the city's first independent newspaper, OKNO, was published. In 1997, the newspaper was recognized as the best regional publication in Ukraine at the All-Ukrainian Journalism Festival in Kyiv.

Culture

• City Palace of Culture "Etyud", 6 Lenin Street
• Libraries
  • Lesya Ukrainka Central City Library, 112 Engels Street
  • Central Children's Library, 13 Soborna Street
  • Chekhov Branch Library No. 1, 33 Soborna Street
  • Children's Branch Library No. 2, 51 Kosmonavtov Street
  • Branch Library No. 3, Surovo Village, Rozovaya, 72
  • Branch Library No. 4, Alekseevo-Druzhkovka settlement, Ilyicha Street, 85
  • Branch Library No. 5, Novo-Grigoryevka settlement, Razdolnaya Street, 9
  • Branch Library No. 6, Raiskoe settlement, Doroshenko Street, 6
  • Branch Library No. 7, Izyumskaya Street, 91
• Kosmos Cinema (currently closed), Sobornaya Street, 23
• Art School, Rybina, 1

Sports

• Children's and Youth Creativity Center
• Sports Palace
• Mashinostroitel Stadium
• Indoor Ice Arena , main stadium of the HC Donbass
• Swimming pool in the Children's and Youth Creativity Center
• From 1999 to 2002, the football club Mashinostroitel Druzhkovka competed in the Ukrainian Second League

Healthcare

• 3 city hospitals
• Dental clinic
• Ambulance station
• Outpatient clinics in Alekseyevo-Druzhkovka and Raiskoye
• Drug addiction clinic
• Orphanage

City districts

High-rise buildings

• Microdistrict No. 13 (City Center)
• Sobachovka (VZhSK)
• "Blocks"
• Microdistrict Sonyachny (9-microdistrict) — located in the southeastern part of the city, bordering the field in the north, the Industrial and Pioneer microdistricts in the west, and the Southern microdistrict and the village of Dvistiplany in the south. The final stop of tram No. 2 is located here.
• Industrialny microdistrict (8-microdistrict) — located in the southeastern part of the city, in the north it borders with Druzhkivskyi machine-building plant, in the west with the village of Gavrylivka, in the east with the Sonyachny microdistrict, in the south with the Pionersky and Pivdenny microdistricts.
• Pivdennyi microdistrict (7-microdistrict) — the southernmost microdistrict of the city, in the north it borders with the Industrialny microdistrict, in the west — with the Pionersky microdistrict, in the east — with the Sonyachny microdistrict, in the south — with the steppe.
• Pionerskyi microdistrict (10-microdistrict) — located in the southern part of the city; in the north and west it borders the village of Gavrilivka, in the east — with Industrialny and Sonyachny, in the south with the microdistrict Pivdenny. A tram depot is located here.

Private development

• Railway station area,
• Gavrilivka,
  • Pivnichna Gavrilivka,
    • Pivnichna Gavrilivka (Eastern),
    • Pivnichna Gavrilivka (Western),
  • Pivdenna Gavrilivka,
• Yakovlivka,
• Dvistiplany (Mashinostudivnyky),
• Donsky,
• Kirpychny,
• NZhSK,
• Molokovo,
• Nakhalovka,
• Karlivka,
• Suvore,
• Toretsky.

Main streets

Bohdan Khmelnytsky Street, Oleksa Tykhy Street, Soborna Street, Skhidna Street, Mashinosbudivnyk Street, Oleg Koshevsky Street, Svobody Street, Kozatska Street, Mykola Mikhnovsky Street, Druzhby Street, Pedagogical Street, Lisova Street, Deputatskaya Street, Kosmonavtiv Street, Novosadova Street, Dzherelna Street, Engels Street, Sonechna Street, Kurchatova Street.

Demographics

The population of Druzhkivka as of 1 June 2017 is 67 772 people.

Ethnicity as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:

• 48,302 Ukrainians (64.4%)
• 24,122 Russians (32.2%)
• 612 Armenians (0.8%)
• 490 Belarusians (0.7%)
• 216 Tatars (0.3%)

First language as of the 2001 census:

• Russian 70.3%
• Ukrainian 28.4%
• Armenian 0.5%
• Belarusian 0.1%

Attractions

• Monument to the Cossack Druzhko in the city's main square.
• The Svyatogor Stone Sculpture Park, created with the participation of Yuri Artemov.
• Druzhkovka Park of Culture and Recreation
• Model of the Tsar Cannon on Kozatskaya Street.
• Mound of Glory.
• Druzhkovskaya Central City Hospital. Located in the 19th-century buildings where the owner of the DMZ and his workers lived.
• French Cemetery. The graves and tombstones of the pre-revolutionary founders of the Druzhkovka Machine-Building Plant have been preserved there.
• Petrified Tree Reserve. Located near the village of Oleksiievo-Druzhkivka (0.5 km from the nearest houses). This former quarry, at the bottom of which lie fragments of petrified trees—araucarias over 200 million years old—lie, and the quarry walls are rocky outcrops, that is, sandstone outcrops, sometimes with intricate and beautiful shapes. The quarry is approximately 10–20 meters deep. There are only two such reserves in the world (the other is in the United States).

Notable people

• Weinstein Mykhailo Isakovych — Ukrainian artist.
• Gorbatov Pavlo Anatoliyovych — Ukrainian scientist, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1992), Professor (1993), laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine (1990), Excellent Education of Ukraine (2005).
• Hryhorenko Volodymyr Borysovych — politician, Druzhkiv city mayor (since 2020).
• Kashpor Olga Mykhailovych — Ukrainian journalist.
• Kolesnyk Olena Oleksandrivna — Ukrainian scientist in the field of medicine, oncologist.
• Kost Lutsenko — famous figure of the Ukrainian diaspora in the USA.
• Nosulya Mykola Vasilyovich — participant of the Second World War
• Romanov Boris Mykolaovich — graphic artist-designer, member of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine.
• Saburov Maksym Zakharovich — Soviet party and state figure.
• Skoblikov Oleksandr Pavlovich — Ukrainian sculptor, corresponding member of the Academy of Arts of Ukraine, member of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine. Honored Artist of the Ukrainian SSR, People's Artist of the Ukrainian SSR.
• Sylantyev Kostyantyn Vasilyovich — Ukrainian Soviet singer (bass), Honored Artist of the RSFSR, People's Artist of the Ukrainian SSR.
• Oleksa Tykhy — Ukrainian dissident, patriot and human rights activist, teacher, linguist, founding member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group.
• Tkachenko Oleksandr Opanasovych;- Ukrainian sculptor, artist. He worked and lived in Yalta (Crimea). He was a famous master on the South Coast. He worked with clay, created small architectural forms, most of which were in Yalta.
• Fialko Oleh Borysovich — Ukrainian film director, screenwriter.

Partner cities

• USA Ridgefield, USA
• UKR Zhmerynka, Ukraine

References

References

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