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Doug Collins (politician)

American politician (born 1966)

Doug Collins (politician)

American politician (born 1966)

FieldValue
nameDoug Collins
imageOfficial portrait of Douglas Collins, U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs.jpeg
captionOfficial portrait, 2025
office12th United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs
presidentDonald Trump
deputyPaul Lawrence
term_startFebruary 5, 2025
predecessorDenis McDonough
{{Collapsed infobox section beginOther Administration positionstitlestyleborder: 1px dashed lightgrey;}}
{{Infobox officeholderembedyes
office1Acting Director of the United States Office of Government Ethics
president1Donald Trump
term_start1February 12, 2025
term_end1April 1, 2025
predecessor1Shelley Finlayson (acting)
successor1Jamieson Greer
office2Acting Special Counsel of the United States
president2Donald Trump
term_start2March 5, 2025
term_end2April 1, 2025
predecessor2Hampton Dellinger
successor2Jamieson Greer
state5Georgia
district5
term_start5January 3, 2013
term_end5January 3, 2021
predecessor5Tom Graves (redistricted)
successor5Andrew Clyde
{{Collapsed infobox section beginU.S. House positionstitlestyleborder: 1px dashed lightgrey;}}
{{Infobox officeholderembedyes
office3Ranking Member of the House Judiciary Committee
term_start3January 3, 2019
term_end3March 12, 2020
predecessor3Jerry Nadler
successor3Jim Jordan
office4Vice Chair of the House Republican Conference
leader4Paul Ryan
term_start4January 3, 2017
term_end4January 3, 2019
predecessor4Lynn Jenkins
successor4Mark Walker
state_house6Georgia
district627th
term_start6January 3, 2007
term_end6January 3, 2013
predecessor6Stacey Reece
successor6Lee Hawkins
birth_nameDouglas Allen Collins
birth_date
birth_placeGainesville, Georgia, U.S.
partyRepublican
spouse
children3
educationUniversity of North Georgia (BA)
New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary (MDiv)
Atlanta's John Marshall Law School (JD)
allegianceUnited States
branch
serviceyears2002–present
rankColonel
unit
battles
module{{Listen
poscenter
embedyes
filenameRep. Doug Collins Speaks in Support of H.R.5626, the Intercountry Adoption Information Act of 2018.ogg
titleCollins's voice
typespeech
descriptionCollins supporting the 2018 Intercountry Adoption Information Act.
Recorded July 10, 2018}}

New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary (MDiv) Atlanta's John Marshall Law School (JD)

  • United States Air Force
    • Air Force Reserve
  • 94th Airlift Wing
    • Chaplain Corps
  • Iraq War
    • Operation Iraqi Freedom Recorded July 10, 2018}} Douglas Allen Collins (born August 16, 1966) is an American politician serving as the 12th United States secretary of veterans affairs since February 2025. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the U.S. representative for Georgia's 9th congressional district from 2013 to 2021 and in the Georgia House of Representatives from 2007 to 2013, representing the 27th district, which includes portions of Hall County, Lumpkin County, and White County. Collins has served as a chaplain in the U.S. Air Force Reserve since 2002, and was promoted to colonel in 2023.

On January 29, 2020, Collins announced he would run in the November 2020 special election for Georgia's Class III U.S. Senate seat. He finished in third place in the state's nonpartisan blanket primary, behind Democrat Raphael Warnock and incumbent Republican Kelly Loeffler, failing to make it to the top-two runoff election. Collins had opted out of a House re-election bid to run for the Senate and was succeeded there by Andrew Clyde. In April 2021, Collins stated he would not be running in Georgia's 2022 gubernatorial election or concurrent Senate election. After leaving office, he served as a legal counsel for Trump before he nominated him to the Cabinet.

On November 14, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Collins as the United States secretary of veterans affairs. Collins was confirmed by the United States Senate to the office on February 4, 2025, by a vote of 77–23, and took office the next day.

Early life and education

Collins was born in Gainesville, Georgia. His father was a Georgia State Trooper for over 30 years. Collins is a graduate of North Hall High School. He attended North Georgia College & State University, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in political science and criminal law in 1988. He attended the New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, receiving his Master of Divinity (M.Div.) in 1996. Collins also earned his Juris Doctor from Atlanta's John Marshall Law School in 2007.

Career

Collins worked as an intern for Georgia U.S. representative Ed Jenkins before working as a salesman, selling hazardous material safety products to Georgia's state and local governments. From 1994 to 2005, Collins was a senior pastor at Chicopee Baptist Church while co-owning a retail scrapbooking store with his wife, Lisa. Collins worked as a lawyer and has been a managing partner at the Collins and Csider law firm since 2010.

Military service

In the late 1980s, Collins served two years in the United States Navy as a navy chaplain. After the September 11 attacks, Collins joined the United States Air Force Reserve Command, where he presently serves as a chaplain (Colonel). As a member of the 94th Airlift Wing at Dobbins Air Reserve Base in Marietta, Georgia, Collins was deployed to Balad Air Base for five months in 2008 during the Iraq War.

Georgia House of Representatives (2007–2013)

Elections

Collins served three terms in the Georgia House of Representatives, representing Georgia's 27th district from 2007 to 2013. After Republican incumbent state representative Stacey Reece decided he would run for the Georgia State Senate, Collins announced he would run for the vacated seat. He won both the primary and general elections unopposed. He was unopposed for reelection in 2008 and 2010.

Tenure

In 2011, Collins sponsored a plan proposed by Georgia governor Nathan Deal to reform Georgia's HOPE Scholarship program. The bill allowed for a 10% cut in scholarships and raised the level of SAT test scores and GPA required to obtain a scholarship, saving the state $300 million. Collins argued that the program would be insolvent without the cut, saying that "If you look at it at the end of the day, Georgia still leads the way in providing hope—educational hope—for those wanting to go on to post-secondary education." In 2012, he supported amending Georgia's constitution to establish a statewide commission authorizing and expanding charter schools.

In 2012, Collins signed a pledge sponsored by Americans for Prosperity promising to vote against any global warming-related legislation that would raise taxes.

Committee assignments

In the 2011–2012 legislative session, Collins was one of three administrative floor leaders for Georgia governor Nathan Deal. Collins served on the committees for:

  • House Appropriations (Secretary)
  • Judiciary Non-Civil
  • Public Safety & Homeland Security
  • Health & Human Services
  • Defense and Veterans Affairs

U.S. House of Representatives (2013–2021)

Official portrait, 113th Congress

2012 election

Main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia#District 9

In 2012, Collins ran for Congress in the redrawn 9th congressional district. The district's incumbent, Tom Graves, opted instead to run in the newly created 14th district, which had absorbed his home in Ranger. Collins faced local media personality Martha Zoller and retired principal Roger Fitzpatrick in the Republican primary. The 9th was the most Republican district in the Eastern Time Zone, with a Cook Partisan Voting Index of R+27. As a result, whoever won the Republican primary would almost certainly be the district's next representative in Congress.

Collins finished first in the primary with 42 percent of the total, but just 700 votes ahead of Zoller. Because neither had a majority, a runoff was held on August 21, 2012, and Collins defeated Zoller in that contest 55 percent to 45 percent. In the general election, Collins defeated Democrat Jody Cooley 76 percent to 24 percent.

2018 election

Main article: 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia#District 9

After running unopposed in the 2016 election, Collins faced Democratic challenger Josh McCall in the 2018 election. Collins overwhelmingly defeated McCall with 79.6% of the vote, compared to McCall's 20.4%.

Committee assignments

  • United States House Committee on Rules
  • United States House Committee on the Judiciary
    • Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property and the Internet
    • Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform, Commercial and Antitrust Law
  • Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
    • Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, U.S. Postal Service and the Census
    • Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Job Creation and Regulatory Affairs

Caucus memberships

  • U.S.-Japan Caucus

2020 U.S. Senate election

Main article: 2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia

In January 2020, Collins announced his candidacy for the United States Senate. He ran in the special election held in November 2020 to complete the final two years of the term of retiring senator Johnny Isakson, who stepped down on December 31, 2019, citing health issues. Collins faced incumbent senator Kelly Loeffler, a Republican appointed by Georgia governor Brian Kemp to fill the seat until a special election was held. Trump had supported Collins as a replacement for Isakson.

Collins faced some initial resistance to his candidacy from senior Senate Republicans as well as from the Senate Leadership Fund (a political action committee aligned with Majority Leader Mitch McConnell) and from the National Republican Senatorial Committee, both of which backed Loeffler. Per Georgia election law, all candidates for that Senate seat (regardless of political party) competed in a nonpartisan blanket primary. If no candidate successfully earned over 50% of the vote, the top two finishers would participate in a runoff election in January 2021.

After both Collins, who finished third in the primary, and Trump lost their respective races in Georgia, they made claims about fraud in the Georgia elections. Georgia's Republican secretary of state Brad Raffensperger called Collins a "liar" and "charlatan" for his statements. Collins endorsed Loeffler in the runoff election following his primary defeat.

Secretary of Veterans Affairs (2025–present)

Nomination and confirmation

On November 14, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced his nomination of Collins to serve as U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs in the second Trump administration. Collins' nomination was endorsed by the Wounded Warrior Project, AMVETS, Blinded Veterans Association, Military-Veterans Advocacy, National Defense Committee, Burn Pits 360, Wounded Paw Project, Mission Roll Call, Armed Forces Retirees Association, Heroes Athletic Association, Mission: POW/MIA, Jewish War Veterans of the USA, 75th Ranger Regiment Association, Military Order of the Purple Heart, America’s Warrior Partnership, and The Enlisted Association and the Stronghold Freedom Foundation.

Collins appeared before the U.S. Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs on January 21, 2025. The committee advanced Collins' nomination in a 18–1 vote on January 23, 2025. On February 4, 2025, the United States Senate confirmed Collins by a 77–23 vote.

Tenure

On February 5, 2025, Collins was sworn into office by U.S. Supreme Court justice Clarence Thomas as the 12th Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

On March 4, 2025, Collins served as the "designated survivor" during President Trump's address to a joint session of Congress.

On March 5, 2025, Collins announced 72,000 jobs (15% of department employees nationwide) would be terminated from the department. Collins stated that healthcare and other critical workers under the department would not be affected by the layoffs.

Political positions

Abortion

Collins opposes abortion. Hours after Supreme Court justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg died in September 2020, Collins wrote on Twitter: "RIP to the more than 30 million innocent babies that have been murdered during the decades that Ruth Bader Ginsburg defended pro-abortion laws. With @realDonaldTrump nominating a replacement that values human life, generations of unborn children have a chance to live."

Health care

Collins opposes the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare. He called it an "experiment [that] has continued to fail America" and "costly for my neighbors". Collins said the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 would not result in anyone losing health coverage.

President Donald Trump

In 2020, Collins was described as an "ardent Trump ally." He strongly defended Trump during his impeachment inquiry over the Trump-Ukraine scandal, saying that the hearings were a "sham". During his bid for the Georgia Senate seat in 2020, Collins campaigned with Roger Stone. Among the two major Republican contenders for the 2020–21 United States Senate special election in Georgia, Kelly Loeffler and Collins tried to distinguish themselves as the candidate most aligned with Trump.

In December 2020, Collins was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives who signed an amicus brief in support of Texas v. Pennsylvania, a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election, in which Joe Biden defeated Trump. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of the election held by another state.

Tax reform

Collins voted in favor of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. He said the bill would encourage businesses to create more jobs and that the economy and communities would strengthen. He said, "We're making the IRS less ravenous and putting more money back in the hands of American families so that they can pursue more of their ambitions on their own terms."

LGBTQ rights

Collins opposes same-sex marriage. In 2015, he said, "I strongly support a constitutional amendment defining marriage between one man and one woman."

Collins also opposes the Equality Act, a bill that would expand the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 to ban discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. He voted against the bill in 2019.

Collins has written letters in defense of military chaplain Wes Modder, whom the Navy attempted to fire after he had allegedly berated students at the Naval Nuclear Power Training Command (where he was posted) who had gone to him for counseling. Modder allegedly made anti-gay comments and berated students for engaging in premarital sex.

Foreign policy

Collins supported President Donald Trump's 2017 executive order to impose a temporary ban on entry to the U.S. for citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries. He explained that "The executive order allows re-entry to lawful permanent residents and does not represent a comprehensive ban on entry to people from certain countries. In this temporary measure, President Trump has given us the opportunity to get refugee policy right going forward."

In the aftermath of the January 2020 killing of Iranian general Qasem Soleimani, Collins said during an interview on Lou Dobbs Tonight that Democrats were "in love with terrorists" and "mourn Soleimani more than they mourn our Gold Star families who are the ones who suffered under Soleimani." Democratic responses were quick, with Senator Tammy Duckworth, an Iraq War veteran who lost both legs in combat, responding, "I left parts of my body behind fighting terrorists in Iraq. I don't need to justify myself to anyone." After first defending his claims on Fox News, Collins apologized on Twitter, saying, "Let me be clear: I do not believe Democrats are in love with terrorists, and I apologize for what I said earlier this week."

Military awards and decorations

[[File:ChristianChaplain.jpgcenterframeless174x174px]]{{efnAir Force Christian Chaplains Insignia;[[File:Meritorious Service Medal ribbon.svgframeless110x110px]][[File:Air and Space Commendation Medal ribbon.svgframeless110x110px]][[File:Air and Space Achievement Medal ribbon.svgframeless110x110px]]
[[File:Air Force Meritorious Unit ribbon.svgframeless106x106px]][[File:Outstanding Unit ribbon.svgframeless106x106px]][[File:National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svgframeless110x110px]]
[[File:Iraq Campaign Medal ribbon.svgframeless110x110px]][[File:Global War on Terrorism Service Medal ribbon.svgframeless110x110px]][[File:Air Force Expeditionary Service Ribbon with gold frame.svgframeless111x111px]]
[[File:Air and Space Longevity Service Award.svgframeless109x109px]][[File:Armed Forces Reserve Medal ribbon.svgframeless110x110px]][[File:Air and Space Training Ribbon.svgframeless106x106px]]

Personal life

Collins married his wife, Lisa Jordan, in 1988. She is a retired fifth grade teacher at Mount Vernon Elementary School in Gainesville, Georgia, where the couple resides. They have three children, one of whom has spina bifida. Collins is a practicing Southern Baptist, and attends Lakewood Baptist Church.

Books

  • The Clock and the Calendar: A Front-Row Look at the Democrats' Obsession with Donald Trump, 2021. ().

Notes

References

References

  1. "Biography of Former Rep. Doug Collins".
  2. (February 13, 2023). "The Congressional Record".
  3. (April 26, 2021). "Collins won't run for Senate or Georgia governor in 2022".
  4. (August 4, 2021). "Top DOJ official drafted resignation email amid Trump election pressure".
  5. (January 21, 2025). "WATCH LIVE: Doug Collins testifies at Senate confirmation hearing for VA secretary".
  6. Malloy, Daniel. (January 3, 2013). "Collins sworn in as Georgia's new member of Congress". [[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]].
  7. (March 13, 2013). "Doug Collins (R-Ga.) U.S. Representative, Georgia, District 9 (Since 2013)". washingtonpost.com.
  8. Lavender, Rick. (January 7, 2007). "North Hall's Doug Collins answers 'call' to office". ganiesvilletimes.com.
  9. (March 13, 2013). "Georgia, 9th House District Doug Collins (R)". nationaljournal.com.
  10. (November 2, 2011). "Doug Collins – Candidate for the 9th Congressional District". athensgop.com.
  11. (November 13, 2012). "The Hill's 2012 New Members Guide". thehill.com.
  12. (November 12, 2012). "Meet the Incoming Congressional Class Veterans". [[PBS NewsHour]].
  13. Blackwood, Harris. (May 10, 2008). "Rep. Doug Collins, called to serve in Iraq, will run for re-election". gainesvilletimes.com.
  14. (July 27, 2006). "GA State House 027- R Primary". ourcampaigns.com.
  15. (November 6, 2008). "GA State House 027". ourcampaigns.com.
  16. (November 7, 2010). "GA State House 027". ourcampaigns.com.
  17. Galloway, Jim. (February 26, 2011). "The HOPE scholarship and a Democratic policy of engagement". [[Atlanta Journal-Constitution]].
  18. "HB 326/CFSA House Bill 326 (COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE) (AM)". votesmart.org.
  19. Lohr, Katy. (April 5, 2011). "Georgia's HOPE Scholarship Dwindles Amid Cutbacks". npr.org.
  20. (March 13, 2013). "HB 797 – Establishes a State Charter School Commission – Key Vote". votesmart.org.
  21. Rich, Motoko. (November 5, 2012). "Georgia's Voters Will Decide on Future of Charter Schools". [[The New York Times]].
  22. (May 30, 2012). "Americans for Prosperity Applauds U.S. House Candidate Doug Collins".
  23. Galloway, Jim. (October 11, 2012). "Martha Zoller takes a temp job with Nathan Deal". [[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]].
  24. "Our Campaigns – GA District 09 – R Runoff Race – August 21, 2012".
  25. Stephens, David. "Doug Collins Wins Republican Run-Off for Georgia's 9th Congressional District". 103.5 WSGC.
  26. "Our Campaigns – GA District 09 Race – Nov 06, 2012".
  27. Bynum, Ross. "Doug Collins defeats opponent in Georgia race for U.S. House seat". The Independent Mail (Anderson, SC).
  28. Galarza, Carlos. (April 10, 2017). "Teacher announces Democratic run for 9th District congressional race". The Gainesville Times.
  29. (November 7, 2018). "Georgia Election Results". The Washington Post.
  30. "Members". U.S. – Japan Caucus.
  31. Arkin, James. (January 29, 2020). "Collins launches Georgia Senate bid, setting up GOP clash".
  32. (December 4, 2019). "Against Trump's Wishes, Georgia Gov. Appoints Kelly Loeffler To Fill Senate Seat". [[NPR]].
  33. (2020-01-28). "GOP establishment prepares to battle Doug Collins".
  34. Williams, Dave. (2020-01-27). "Georgia House bill would eliminate 'jungle primary' for Sen. Loeffler".
  35. "Georgia's recount integrity faces attack".
  36. (November 16, 2020). "Georgia's secretary of state says fellow Republicans are pressuring him to find ways to exclude legal ballots". [[The Washington Post]].
  37. Collins, Doug. (November 4, 2020). "I just called @kloeffler and congratulated her on making the runoff. She has my support and endorsement.".
  38. "Trump picks ex-congressman Doug Collins for veterans affairs secretary".
  39. (January 24, 2025). "What They Are Saying: Veterans Groups Applaud Nomination of Congressman Doug Collins to be Secretary of Veterans Affairs".
  40. Leonard, Ben. (2025-01-21). "Democrats press VA secretary nominee on abortion, Project 2025". [[Politico]].
  41. Leonard, Ben. (2025-01-23). "Trump's VA pick sails through committee". [[Politico]].
  42. Brown, Matt. (2025-02-04). "Doug Collins confirmed as veterans affairs secretary as Trump Cabinet takes shape". [[Associated Press]].
  43. (February 5, 2025). "Ready to get to work for America's Veterans. Thank you to Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas for swearing me in this morning. A tremendous honor!".
  44. "1.5 Cabinet Members Not in Attendance (Designated Survivor) from 1984, and Frequency by Department | the American Presidency Project".
  45. (5 March 2025). "Trump administration plans to cut at least 70000 jobs from VA". Nexstar Media Inc..
  46. (5 March 2025). "Veterans Affairs Plans to Cut 70,000 Employees". Dow Jones & Company, Inc..
  47. (5 March 2025). "Veterans Affairs Department Plans to Eliminate More Than 80,000 Workers". [[New York Times]].
  48. Santucci, Jeanine. "'Unforgivable': Rep. Doug Collins slammed for tweet about Ruth Bader Ginsburg's abortion stance after her death".
  49. "ACA health insurance enrollment exceeds forecasts in nation, state".
  50. (2020). "Trump who? Senate GOP candidates in tight races avoid any mention of the president in campaign ads.". [[The Washington Post]].
  51. (October 29, 2019). "Democrats unveil resolution setting scope of public phase of impeachment inquiry of Trump, empowering Schiff to make key decisions". [[The Washington Post]].
  52. Holland, Jonathan Landay, Steve. (February 21, 2020). "Trump's acting intelligence chief Grenell says won't be tapped for permanent post". [[Reuters]].
  53. Dzhanova, Yelena. (2020-11-01). "Doug Collins announced Trump ally Roger Stone will campaign for him in Georgia".
  54. Axelrod, Tal. (2020-10-31). "Roger Stone to campaign for Doug Collins in Georgia on Monday".
  55. (October 30, 2020). "Loeffler, Collins battle for GOP votes as time runs out".
  56. (December 5, 2020). "Biden officially secures enough electors to become president". [[Associated Press News]].
  57. Liptak, Adam. (2020-12-11). "Supreme Court Rejects Texas Suit Seeking to Subvert Election". The New York Times.
  58. (2020-12-11). "Order in Pending Case". [[Supreme Court of the United States]].
  59. Diaz, Daniella. "Brief from 126 Republicans supporting Texas lawsuit in Supreme Court". [[CNN]].
  60. (December 19, 2017). "How Each House Member Voted on the Tax Bill".
  61. "Tax reform bill all but a done deal".
  62. jtharpe54. "Georgia GOP Congressman Doug Collins disappointed in gay marriage ruling".
  63. (May 17, 2019). "House Debate on the Equality Act". [[C-SPAN]].
  64. (May 17, 2019). "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 217". Clerk.house.gov.
  65. Kropf, Schuyler. (March 30, 2015). "Push to oust Navy chaplain under fire 35 U.S. House members send letter".
  66. (January 29, 2017). "Coffman, Gardner join Republicans against President Trump's travel ban; here's where the rest stand".
  67. Cole, Devan. (January 9, 2020). "Top House Judiciary Republican makes unfounded claim that Democrats are 'in love with terrorists'".
  68. [https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/01/gop-congressman-democrats-are-in-love-with-terrorists.html GOP Congressman Says Democrats Are in 'Love With Terrorists'] {{Webarchive. link. (March 15, 2020 By Adam K. Raymond, New York Intelligencer, Jan 8, 2020)
  69. [https://www.businessinsider.com/tammy-duckworth-responds-doug-collins-democrats-love-terrorists-iraq-2020-1 'I left parts of my body behind fighting terrorists in Iraq': Sen. Tammy Duckworth responds to GOP congressman's claim that Democrats are 'in love with terrorists'] {{Webarchive. link. (January 11, 2020 By Sonam Sheth, Business Insider, Jan 9, 2020)
  70. [https://www.thenewcivilrightsmovement.com/2020/01/hotheaded-republican-apologizes-for-democrats-love-terrorists-remarks-but-on-fox-news-he-defends-his-claim/ Top Republican Lawmaker Apologizes for 'Democrats Love Terrorists' Remarks but on Fox News He Defends His Claim] {{Webarchive. link. (January 11, 2020 By David Badash, The New Civil Rights Movement, Jan 10, 2020)
  71. McDonald, Staff Sgt. Jaclyn. (September 9, 2013). "For God and Country".
  72. Joyner, Bo. (March 4, 2015). "A Passion to Serve: U.S. congressman/Reserve chaplain finds satisfaction in giving back".
  73. Project Vote Smart. (March 13, 2013). "Representative Douglas 'Doug' A. Collins's Biography". votesmart.org.
  74. Reiner, Anne. (November 12, 2012). "Southern Baptist contingent in Congress grows". The Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention.
  75. Blackwood, Harris. (February 18, 2007). "New kids on the block Every day is a learning process, but Hall's new legislators are settling into their positions". gainesvilletimes.com.
  76. (2017-01-03). "Religious affiliation of members of 115th Congress". [[Pew Research Center]].
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