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DM domain

Protein family

Field	Value
Symbol	DM
Name	DM domain
image	PDB 1lpv EBI.jpg
caption	Drosophila melanogaster doublesex (dsx), nmr, 18 structures
Pfam	PF00751
SMART	SM00718
SCOP	1rvv
InterPro	IPR001275

In molecular biology the DM domain is a protein domain first discovered in the doublesex proteins of Drosophila melanogaster and is also seen in C. elegans and mammalian proteins. In D. melanogaster the doublesex gene controls somatic sexual differentiation by producing alternatively spliced mRNAs encoding related sex-specific polypeptides. These proteins are believed to function as transcription factors on downstream sex-determination genes, especially on neuroblast differentiation and yolk protein genes transcription.

The DM domain binds DNA as a dimer, allowing the recognition of pseudopalindromic sequences . The NMR analysis of the DSX DM domain revealed a novel zinc module containing 'intertwined' CCHC and HCCC zinc-binding sites. The recognition of the DNA requires the carboxy-terminal basic tail which contacts the minor groove of the target sequence.

Proteins with this domain

Proteins with the DM domain are found in many model organisms. Many C. elegans Mab proteins contain this domain, the best-known one being mab-3. Human proteins containing this domain include DMRT1, DMRT2, DMRT3, DMRTA1, DMRTA2, DMRTB1, and DMRTC2; each of these have a mouse homolog.

DMRT1 homologs have an additional common domain C-terminal to the DM domain. This domain is only found in bony vertebrates, and neither its structure nor function is unknown. Jpred predicts the human version of the section to be mostly coils; it also suggests a weak similarity to by BLAST.

DMRTA proteins have an additional motif in their C-termina. This motif, ubiquitous in eukaryotes, has an unknown function. It is similar in sequence to some ubiquitin-associated motifs.

References

(February 1998). "Evidence for evolutionary conservation of sex-determining genes". Nature.
(December 1996). "Functional and genetic characterization of the oligomerization and DNA binding properties of the Drosophila doublesex proteins". Genetics.
(September 1991). "The doublesex proteins of Drosophila melanogaster bind directly to a sex-specific yolk protein gene enhancer". EMBO J..
(September 1988). "mab-3, a gene required for sex-specific yolk protein expression and a male-specific lineage in C. elegans". Cell.
(February 1999). "Similarity of DNA binding and transcriptional regulation by Caenorhabditis elegans MAB-3 and Drosophila melanogaster DSX suggests conservation of sex determining mechanisms". Development.
(July 2000). "Sexual dimorphism in diverse metazoans is regulated by a novel class of intertwined zinc fingers". Genes Dev..
"Proteins matched: DM DNA-binding domain (IPR001275) filtered by species (Homo sapiens)".
"Family: Dmrt1 (PF12374)".
"Jpred results (MTECSGTSQPPPASVPTTAASEGRMVIQDIPAVTSRGHVENTPD)".
"Species: DMRTA motif (IPR005173)".

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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