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Dinosaur Park Formation

Uppermost member of the Belly River Group geologic unit in Alberta, Canada

Summary

Uppermost member of the Belly River Group geologic unit in Alberta, Canada

Field	Value
name	Dinosaur Park Formation
image	Dinosaur Park Fm.jpg
caption	Dinosaur Park Formation exposed along the Red Deer River in Dinosaur Provincial Park, southeastern Alberta, Canada.
type	Geological formation
prilithology	Sandstone (lower)
Mudstone and siltstone (upper)
otherlithology	Bentonite and coal
namedfor	Dinosaur Provincial Park
namedby	Eberth, D.A. and Hamblin, A.P.
year_ts	1993
region	Alberta
country	Canada
coordinates
paleocoordinates
underlies	Bearpaw Formation
overlies	Oldman Formation
unitof	Belly River Group
extent	Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
age	Late Cretaceous, Campanian,
period	Campanian
map	{{Location map+	Canada#Alberta
relief	1
width	250
float	center
lat_deg	49.2
lon_deg	-110.4
mark	Lightgreen pog.svg
marksize	10

Mudstone and siltstone (upper)

The Dinosaur Park Formation is the uppermost member of the Belly River Group (also known as the Judith River Group), a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. It was deposited during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, between about 76.5 and 74.4 million years ago. It was deposited in alluvial and coastal plain environments, and it is bounded by the nonmarine Oldman Formation below it and the marine Bearpaw Formation above it.

The Dinosaur Park Formation contains dense concentrations of dinosaur skeletons, both articulated and disarticulated, which are often found with preserved remains of soft tissues. Remains of other animals such as fish, turtles, and crocodilians, as well as plant remains, are also abundant. The formation has been named after Dinosaur Provincial Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site where the formation is well exposed in the badlands that flank the Red Deer River.

Research history

The Dinosaur Park Formation has been a significant source of terrestrial vertebrate fossils for over a century. The first recorded account of fossils was in 1871 by the priest Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux who was shown bones of the "grandfather of the buffalo" by the Blackfoot Confederacy he was living with, though these notes were never published. Official reports of dinosaur bones in western Canada were reported by George Mercer Dawson in 1874 from southern Saskatchewan and Alberta along the Milk River. Further discoveries by Dawson and his colleagues of the Geological Survey of Canada continued in the 1880s, including the 1884 discovery by Joseph Burr Tyrrell of the skull of a theropod identified as Laelaps by American palaeontologist Edward Drinker Cope but named in 1905 as Albertosaurus by American palaeontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn. In 1889 rich fossil beds in the areas of Deadlodge Canyon and Berry Creek were found by Thomas Chesmer Weston along the Red Deer River. The areas along the Red Deer River would be more completely surveyed by Canadian palaeontologist Lawrence Lambe from 1897 until 1901, when he, along with Osborn, described the fossils found in what was then considered to be the Belly River Formation of mid-Cretaceous age.

Geological setting

Restoration of the megafaunal dinosaurs of the Dinosaur Park Formation. From left to right: ''[[Chasmosaurus]]'', ''[[Lambeosaurus]]'', ''[[Styracosaurus]]'', ''[[Scolosaurus]]'', ''[[Prosaurolophus]]'', ''[[Panoplosaurus]]'', and a herd of ''Styracosaurus'' in the background

The Dinosaur Park Formation is composed of sediments that were derived from the erosion of the mountains to the west. It was deposited on an alluvial to coastal plain by river systems that flowed eastward and southeastward to the Bearpaw Sea, a large inland sea that was part of the Western Interior Seaway. That sea gradually inundated the adjacent coastal plain, depositing the marine shales of the Bearpaw Formation on top of the Dinosaur Park Formation.

The Dinosaur Park Formation is about 70 m thick at Dinosaur Park. The lower portion of the formation was laid down in fluvial channel environments and consists primarily of fine- to medium-grained, crossbedded sandstones. The upper portion, which was deposited in overbank and floodplain environments, consists primarily of massive to laminated, organic-rich mudstones with abundant root traces, and thin beds of bentonite. The Lethbridge Coal Zone, which consists of several seams of low-rank coal interbedded with mudstones and siltstones, marks the top of the formation.

The sediments of the Dinosaur Park Formation are similar to those of the underlying Oldman Formation and they were originally included in that formation. The two formations are separated by a regional disconformity, however, and are distinguished by petrographic and sedimentologic differences. In addition, articulated skeletal remains and bonebeds are rare in the Oldman Formation but abundant in the Dinosaur Park Formation.

Biostratigraphy

The Dinosaur Park Formation can be divided into at least two distinct faunas. The lower part of the formation is characterized by the abundance of Corythosaurus and Centrosaurus. This group of species is replaced higher in the formation by a different ornithischian fauna characterized by the presence of Lambeosaurus and Styracosaurus. The appearance of several new, rare species of ornithischian at the very top of the formation may indicate that a third distinct fauna had replaced the second during the transition into younger, non-Dinosaur Park sediments, at the same time an inland sea transgresses onto land, but there are fewer remains here. An unnamed pachyrhinosaur, Vagaceratops irvinensis, and Lambeosaurus magnicristatus may be more common in this third fauna.

Fossil content

Dinosaurs

Size of the dinosaur megafauna of the lower Dinosaur Park Formation (the so-called "''Centrosaurus-Corythosaurus'' zone")

Remains of the following dinosaurs have been found in the formation:

Ornithischians

Remains of the following ornithischians have been found in the formation:

Ankylosaurs

Numerous specimens that cannot be definitively assigned to ankylosaurs are known from the formation, including fragmentary cranial, dental, postcranial, and armour material. As all ankylosaurids from the Campanian of Alberta and Montana were historically referred to Euoplocephalus sensu lato, the taxonomy is variable between studies and ranges from one to seven valid genera between the Dinosaur Park, Judith River, Two Medicine, and Horseshoe Canyon Formations.

Ankylosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation	Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Anodontosaurus	A. inceptus	Hilda, Alberta	Middle DPF	Two skulls, one with partial skeleton	Previously considered specimens of Euoplocephalus but then referred to Anodontosaurus lambei, otherwise only known from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, before being given the new species A. inceptus.	[[File:Anodontosaurus LM.png	150px]]
Dyoplosaurus	D. acutosquameus	Q002	Lower DPF	Partial skull and skeleton, two tail clubs	Thought to be a synonym of Euoplocephalus for a time but separated as a distinct taxon.	[[File:Dyoplosaurus.tif	150px]]
Edmontonia	E. rugosidens	Q009, Q043, Q101, Q201, Q229, Q230	Lower DPF	At least six partial skulls and skeletons	A nodosaurid also known from the Two Medicine Formation	[[File:Edmontonia TD.png	150px]]
Euoplocephalus	E. tutus	Q059, Q198	Lower to middle DPF	Partial skulls and skeletons	An ankylosaurid historically including all material from the formation. While some studies include up to 11 specimens even with Anodontosaurus, Dyoplosaurus and Scolosaurus separated, others limit it to 5 specimens and also separate Platypelta.	[[File:Euoplocephalus TD.png	150px]]
Panoplosaurus	P. mirus	Q008, Q228	Middle DPF	Skulls and skeleton	A nodosaurid 1/3 less common than Edmontonia.	[[File:Panoplosaurus 055.JPG	150px]]
Platypelta	P. coombsi	Q052	Lowermost DPF	Skulls and skeletons	Considered specimens of Euoplocephalus by some studies, but separated as a distinct genus by others.	[[File:Platypelta AMNH 5337.tiff	150px]]
Scolosaurus	S. cutleri	Q080, Q089	Base of DPF	Skull(s?) and skeletons	Thought to be a synonym of Euoplocephalus for a time but separated as a distinct taxon. Has been suggested to include Oohkotokia from the Two Medicine Formation, and also to be from the top of the Oldman Formation if the quarry is incorrectly mapped.	[[File:Scolosaurus SW.png	150px]]
S. thronus	Quarry No. 112	Upper DPF	Skull and partial skeletons	Considered indeterminate ankylosaurids or specimens of Euoplocephalus by some studies, but separated as a distinct species by others.	[[File:Euoplocephalus ROM1930.tif	150px]]

Ceratopsians

An unnamed Pachyrhinosaurus-like taxon has been recovered from the formation.

Ceratopsians from the Dinosaur Park Formation	Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Centrosaurus	C. apertus		Middle, 76.2-75.5Ma ago	last1=RYAN	first1=M. J.	last2=RUSSELL	first2=A. P.	last3=EBERTH	first3=D. A.	last4=CURRIE	first4=P. J.	date=2001-10-01	title=The Taphonomy of a Centrosaurus (Ornithischia: Certopsidae) Bone Bed from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Upper Campanian), Alberta, Canada, with Comments on Cranial Ontogeny	journal=PALAIOS	volume=16	issue=5	pages=482–506	doi=10.1669/0883-1351(2001)0162.0.co;2	bibcode=2001Palai..16..482R	s2cid=130116586	issn=0883-1351}} C. nasicornis may be a synonym.	A centrosaurine ceratopsid	[[File:Centrosaurus.png	center	200px]]
Chasmosaurus	C. belli		Middle, 76–75.5Ma ago	"[Twelve] skulls, several skeletons."	A chasmosaurine ceratopsid	[[File:Chasmosaurus BW.jpg	center	200px]]
C. russelli		Lower, 76.5-76Ma ago	"[Six] complete or partial skulls."
Mercuriceratops	last1 = Ryan	first1 = Michael J.	last2 = Evans	first2 = David C.	last3 = Currie	first3 = Phillip J.	last4 = Loewen	first4 = Mark A.	year = 2014	title = A New chasmosaurine from northern Laramidia expands frill disparity in ceratopsid dinosaurs	journal = Naturwissenschaften	volume = 101	issue = 6	pages = 505–512	doi = 10.1007/s00114-014-1183-1	pmid = 24859020	bibcode = 2014NW....101..505R	s2cid = 13957187 }}		Lower, ~77Ma ago	"one apomorphic squamosal"	A chasmosaurine ceratopsid	[[File:Mercuriceratops NT small.jpg	center	200px]]
Monoclonius	M. lowei				A dubious centrosaurine ceratopsid. Possibly synonymous with Centrosaurus.
Pentaceratops	P. aquilonius		Uppermost, 74.8 MA	two frill fragments	A dubious chasmosaurine ceratopsid that may be the same species as Spiclypeus shipporum.	[[File:Pentaceratops BW.jpg	center	200px]]
last=Farke	first=Andrew A.	author2=Michael J. Ryan	author3=Paul M. Barrett	author4=Darren H. Tanke	author5=Dennis R. Braman	author6=Mark A. Loewen	author7=Mark R. Graham	year=2011	title=A new centrosaurine from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, and the evolution of parietal ornamentation in horned dinosaurs	url=http://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app56/app20100121.pdf	journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica	volume=56	issue=4	pages=691–702	doi=10.4202/app.2010.0121	s2cid=13717580 }}	S. sternbergorum		Lower, 76.5Ma	"partial parietal bone, partial dentary, unidentifiable limb fragments, partial skull, and partial right squamosal."	A centrosaurine ceratopsid. It may actually be from the upper Oldman Formation.	[[File:Spinops NT.jpg	center	200px]]
Styracosaurus	S. albertensis		Upper, 75.5-75.2Ma ago	"[Two] skulls, [three] skeletons, additional material in bone beds."	A centrosaurine ceratopsid	[[File:Styracosaurus BW.jpg	center	200px]]
Unescoceratops	U. koppelhusae			author1=Michael J. Ryan	author2=David C. Evans	author3=Philip J. Currie	author4=Caleb M. Brown	author5=Don Brinkman	year=2012	title=New leptoceratopsids from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada	journal=Cretaceous Research	volume=35	pages=69–80	doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2011.11.018	bibcode=2012CrRes..35...69R }}	A leptoceratopsid thought to have been between one and two meters long and less than 91 kilograms. Its teeth were the roundest of all leptoceratopsids.
Vagaceratops	V. irvinensis		Upper, 75Ma ago	"[Three] skulls, skeleton lacking tail."	author1=Scott D. Sampson	author2=Mark A. Loewen	author3=Andrew A. Farke	author4=Eric M. Roberts	author5=Catherine A. Forster	author6=Joshua A. Smith	author7=Alan L. Titus	year=2010	title=New Horned Dinosaurs from Utah Provide Evidence for Intracontinental Dinosaur Endemism	journal=PLOS One	volume=5	issue=9	article-number=e12292	doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0012292	pmid=20877459	pmc=2929175	bibcode = 2010PLoSO...512292S	doi-access=free }}	[[File:Vagaceratops NT.jpg	center	200px]]

Ornithopods

At least one indeterminate thescelosaurid specimen has been recovered from the formation.

In a 2001 review of hadrosaur eggshell and hatchling material from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Darren H. Tanke and M. K. Brett-Surman concluded that hadrosaurs nested in both the ancient upland and lowlands of the formation's depositional environment. The upland nesting grounds may have been preferred by the less common hadrosaurs, like Brachylophosaurus or Parasaurolophus. However, the authors were unable to determine what specific factors shaped nesting ground choice in the formation's hadrosaurs. They suggested that behavior, diet, soil condition, and competition between dinosaur species all potentially influenced where hadrosaurs nested.

Sub-centimeter fragments of pebbly-textured hadrosaur eggshell have been reported from the Dinosaur Park Formation. This eggshell is similar to the hadrosaur eggshell of Devil's Coulee in southern Alberta as well as that of the Two Medicine and Judith River Formations in Montana, United States. While present, dinosaur eggshell is very rare in the Dinosaur Park Formation and is only found in two different microfossil sites. These sites are distinguished by large numbers of pisidiid clams and other less common shelled invertebrates like unionid clams and snails. This association is not a coincidence as the invertebrate shells would have slowly dissolved and released enough basic calcium carbonate to protect the eggshells from naturally occurring acids that otherwise would have dissolved them and prevented fossilization.

In contrast with eggshell fossils, the remains of very young hadrosaurs are actually somewhat common. Darren Tanke has observed that an experienced collector could actually discover multiple juvenile hadrosaur specimens in a single day. The most common remains of young hadrosaurs in the Dinosaur Park Formation are dentaries, bones from limbs and feet, as well as vertebral centra. The material showed little or none of the abrasion that would have resulted from transport, meaning the fossils were buried near their point of origin. Bonebeds 23, 28, 47, and 50 are productive sources of young hadrosaur remains in the formation, especially bonebed 50. The bones of juvenile hadrosaurs and fossil eggshell fragments are not known to have preserved in association with each other, despite both being present in the formation.

Ornithopods from the Dinosaur Park Formation	Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Corythosaurus	C. casuarius		Lower-Middle, 76.5-75.5Ma ago	"Approximately [ten] articulated skulls and associated postcrania, [ten to fifteen] articulated skulls, isolated skull elements, juvenile to adult."	A lambeosaurin lambeosaurine hadrosaur	[[File:Corythosaurus TD.png	center	200px]]
Gryposaurus	G. notabilis		Lower, 76.2-76Ma ago	"Approximately [ten] complete skulls, [twelve] fragmentary skulls, associated postcrania."	A kritosaurin saurolophine hadrosaur	[[File:Gryposaurus-notabilis jconway.png	center	200px]]
Lambeosaurus	L. lambei		Upper, 75.5-75Ma ago	"Approximately [seven] articulated skulls with associated postcrania, [possibly ten] articulated skulls, isolated skull elements, juvenile to adult."		[[File:Life reconstruction of Lambeosaurus lambei.png	center	200px]]
L. magnicristatus		Upper/Bearpaw Formation, 74.8Ma ago	"[Two] complete skulls, one with associated, articulated postcrania."		[[File:Lambeosaurus magnicristatus DB.jpg	center	200px]]
Parasaurolophus	P. walkeri		Lower, 76.5-75.3Ma ago	"Complete skull and postcranial skeleton."	A parasaurolophin lambeosaurine hadrosaur.	[[File:Parasaurolophus walkeri.png	center	200px]]
Prosaurolophus	P. maximus		Upper, 75.5 – 74.8 Ma	"[Twenty to twenty-five] individuals, including at least [seven] articulated skulls and associated postcrania."	A saurolophin saurolophine hadrosaur.	[[File:Prosaurolophus Maximus.jpg	center	200px]]

Pachycephalosaurs

Pachycephalosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation	Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images

Theropods

In the Dinosaur Park Formation, small theropods are rare due to the tendency of their thin-walled bones to be broken or poorly preserved. Small bones of small theropods that were preyed upon by larger ones may have been swallowed whole and digested. In this context, the discovery of a small theropod dinosaur with preserved tooth marks was especially valuable. Possible indeterminate avimimid remains are known from the formation.

Ornithomimids

Ornithomimids from the Dinosaur Park Formation	Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Ornithomimus	O. sp.			Type specimen	last1 = Longrich	first1 = N	year = 2008	title = A new, large ornithomimid from the Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada: Implications for the study of dissociated dinosaur remains	journal = Palaeontology	volume = 51	issue = 4	pages = 983–997	doi = 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00791.x	doi-access =	bibcode = 2008Palgy..51..983L }}	[[File:"Ornithomimus" sp. by Tom Parker.png	center	200px]]
Qiupalong	last1=McFeeters	first1=B.	last2=Ryan	first2=M. J.	last3=Schröder-Adams	first3=C.	last4=Currie	first4=P. J.	date=2017	title=First North American occurrences of Qiupalong (Theropoda: Ornithomimidae) and the palaeobiogeography of derived ornithomimids	journal=FACETS	volume=2	issue=1	pages=355–373	doi=10.1139/facets-2016-0074	doi-access=free}}			Several specimens	An ornithomimid, possibly a radiation of this genus from Asia.	[[File:Qiupalong Restoration.png	center	200px]]
Rativates	R. evadens			Type specimen	An ornithomimid, formerly a specimen of Struthiomimus.	[[File:Rativates.png	center	200px]]

Oviraptorosaurs

Oviraptorosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation	Genus	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Caenagnathus	C. collinsi	Mandible, type specimen	last1 = Longrich	first1 = N. R.	last2 = Barnes	first2 = K.	last3 = Clark	first3 = S.	last4 = Millar	first4 = L.	title = Caenagnathidae from the Upper Campanian Aguja Formation of West Texas, and a Revision of the Caenagnathinae	doi = 10.3374/014.054.0102	journal = Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History	volume = 54	pages = 23–49	year = 2013	s2cid = 128444961 }} which rivalled Anzu in size.	[[File:Caenagnathus dentaries-dorsal.jpg	center	200px]]
Chirostenotes	C. pergracilis	Several fragmentary specimens, type specimen	A mid-sized caenagnathid.	[[File:Chirostenotes BW.jpg	center	200px]]
Citipes	C. elegans	Several fragmentary specimens, type specimen	Smallest caenagnathid from the formation.	[[File:Citipes elegans.jpg	center	200px]]
Macrophalangia	M. canadensis		Junior synonym of Chirostenotes pergracilis

Paravians

A new taxon of troodontid based solely on teeth is known from the upper part of the formation.

Paravians from the Dinosaur Park Formation	Genus	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
cf. Baptornis	Indeterminate			A hesperornithine bird
cf. Cimolopteryx	Indeterminate		Partial coracoid	A possible charadriiform bird
Dromaeosaurus	D. albertensis		Several specimens and teeth, type specimen	A dromaeosaurid	[[File:Dromaeosaurus Restoration.png	center	200px]]
Hesperonychus	H. elizabethae		Hip bones and partial toes and claws, type specimen	A dromaeosaurid or an avialan, also found in the Oldman Formation	[[File:Hesperonychus elizabethae.jpg	center	200px]]
Latenivenatrix	L. mcmasterae		Hip bones, pelvis, skull fragments, type specimen	A large troodontid measuring 3-3.5 m.	[[File:Latenivenatrix (white background).png	center	200px]]
cf. Palintropus	Unnamed		Partial shoulder girdles	An ambiortiform bird
cf. Paronychodon	cf. P. lacustris		Teeth	An indeterminate maniraptoran, also found in the Judith River
cf. Pectinodon	Indeterminate		Teeth	A troodont
Polyodontosaurus	P. grandis		Dentary, type specimen	Nomen dubium. Possibly synonymous with Latenivenatrix.
Richardoestesia	R. gilmorei		Mandible, type specimen	A dromaeosaurid
R. isosceles		Teeth
Saurornitholestes	S. langstoni		Incomplete skeleton and teeth, type specimen. A dentary referred to Saurornitholestes was discovered that preserved tooth marks left by a young tyrannosaur.	A dromaeosaurid	[[File:Saurornitholestes digging Burrows wahweap.jpg	center	200px]]
Stenonychosaurus	S. inequalis		Nearly complete skeleton and other partial skeletons, type specimen	A troodontid once thought to be a species of Troodon	[[File:Life reconstruction of Stenonychosaurus.png	center	200px]]

Tyrannosaurs

Tyrannosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation	Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Daspletosaurus	D. horneri		Middle-Upper, ~75,6-75 Ma ago	CMN 350, partial skull and skeleton with left dentary (TMP 2010.121.0001)	A tyrannosaurine tyrannosaurid, also present in the Two Medicine Formation.	[[File:FMNH Daspletosaurus.jpg	200px]]
D. wilsoni?		Middle-Upper, ~76,5-75,8 Ma ago	Several specimens	A tyrannosaurine tyrannosaurid.
Gorgosaurus	G. libratus		Lower-Middle, 76.5–75 Ma ago	last=Currie	first=Philip J.	author-link=Phil Currie	year=2003	title=Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurids from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta	journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica	volume=48	issue=2	pages=191–226	url=https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app48-191.html}}	An albertosaurine tyrannosaurid whose fossils have been unearthed in the Judith River Formation and possibly the Two Medicine Formation. It was the most common large carnivore in the area.	[[File:Gorgosaurus.png	center	200px]]

Other reptiles

Choristoderes

Choristoderes, or champsosaurs, were aquatic reptiles. Small examples looked like lizards, while larger types were superficially similar to crocodilians. Remains of the following Choristoderes have been found in the formation:

Champsosaurus (at least 3 species)
Cteniogenys sp. cf. antiquus (possibly another genus)

Crocodylians

Remains of the following Crocodylians have been found in the formation:

Albertochampsa
Leidyosuchus
at least 1 unnamed taxon

Lizards

Remains of the following lizards have been found in the formation:

Helodermatids
- Labrodioctes
Necrosaurids
- Parasaniwa
Teiids
- Glyptogenys
- Socognathus
Varanids
- Palaeosaniwa
Xenosaurids
- ?Exostinus

Plesiosaurs

Remains of the following Plesiosaurs have been found in the formation:

Fluvionectes
indeterminate polycotylids (shorter-necked)

Pterosaurs

Remains of the following pterosaurs have been found in the formation:

Cryodrakon (known from small and large specimens)
1 unnamed non-azhdarchid pterosaur

Turtles

Remains of the following turtles have been found in the formation:

Adocus
"Apalone"
Aspideretoides (3 species)
Basilemys
Boremys
Judithemys
Neurankylus
Plesiobaena
2 indeterminate taxa

Mammals

Gypsonictops lewisi]]'' (bottom left) and an indeterminate [[theria]]n, interpreted here as an hypothetical early [[placental]] (bottom right)

Remains of the following mammals have been found in the formation:

Multituberculata

Multituberculatas from the Dinosaur Park Formation	Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Cimexomys	C. sp.
* Cimolodon* spp.
Meniscoessus major
* Mesodma primaeva*

Metatherians

Multituberculatas from the Dinosaur Park Formation	Genus	Material
Alphadon	A. halleyi	An alphadontidae marsupial
Eodelphis	E. browni	A stagodont metatherians
E. cutleri
"Pediomys"	P. sp
P. sp
P. sp
P. sp
P. sp
Turgidodon	T. russelli	An alphadontidae marsupial
T. praesagus

Eutherians

Multituberculatas from the Dinosaur Park Formation	Genus	Material
Cimolestes	C. sp.	A eutherian mammal with uncertain taxonomy
Gypsonictops	G. lewisi	A leptictidan mammal
Paranyctoides	P sternbergi	An early eutherian mammal

Fish

Remains of the following fish have been found in the formation:

Chondrichthyans
- Cretorectolobus olsoni (a carpet shark)
- Eucrossorhinus microcuspidatus (a carpet shark)
- Ischyrhiza mira (a sclerorhynchid)
- Meristodonoides montanensis (a hybodont shark)
- Myledaphus bipartitus (a ray)
- Protoplatyrhina renae (a guitarfish)
- indeterminate orectolobid
- "Edaphodontidae" indet. (a chimaera**)**
- Elasmodus sp. (a chimaera**)**
- Ischyodus bifurcatus (a chimaera*)***
- Euselachii indet.
- Archaeolamna kopingensis judithensis (a shark)
- Carcharias cf. samhammeri (a shark)
- Odontaspis aculeatus (a shark)
- Cretorectolobus olsoni (a shark)
- Batormophii indet.
- Protoplatyrhina renae (a Rhino Ray)
Acipenseriformes (sturgeons)
- "Acipenser albertensis"
- Anchiacipenser acanthaspis
- unnamed sturgeon
- unnamed paddlefish
Holostean fish
- Arotus hieroglyphus
- Lepisosteus occidentalis (the gar)
- unnamed bowfin
- at least 2 other holosteans
Teleost fish
- Acronichthys sp. (an otophysan)
- Archaeosiilik sp. (a pike)
- Belonostomus longirostris
- Cretophareodus alberticus (an osteoglossomorph)
- Coriops amnicolus
- Dercetis cf. magnificus
- Enchodus indet.
- Enchodus gladiolus
- Enchodus petrosus
- Estesesox foxi (a pike)
- Horseshoeichthys armaserratus (an ellimmichthyiform)
- Nunikuluk gracilis (a pike)
- Oldmanesox canadensis (a pike)
- Paralbula (including Phyllodus)
- Paratarpon apogerontus (an elopomorph, like the tarpon)
- Primuluchara laramidensis (a characin)
- Sivulliusalmo sp. (a salmonid)
- Acanthomorpha indet.
- Clupeomorpha indet.
- Elopiformes indet.
- at least 8 other teleosts

Amphibians

Remains of the following amphibians have been found in the formation:

Amphibians from the Dinosaur Park Formation	Genus	Material
Albanerpeton	A. gracilis	A salamander-like Albanerpetontid amphibian
Habrosaurus	H. prodilatus	A salamander
Lisserpeton	L. sp	A salamander
Opisthotriton	O. kayi	A salamander
Scapherpeton	S. tectum	A salamander
Tyrrellbatrachus	T. brinkmani	A frog
Hensonbatrachus	H. kermiti	A frog

Invertebrates

Remains of the following invertebrates have been found in the formation:

Insects
- Cordualadensa acorni (a cavilabiatid dragonfly)
Freshwater bivalves
- Fusconaia
- Lampsilis
- Sphaerium (2 species)
Freshwater gastropods
- Campeloma (2 species)
- Elimia
- Goniobasis (3 species)
- Hydrobia
- Lioplacodes (2 species)
Marine Invertebrates
- Placenticeras sp.
- Palaeonephrops? (a clawed lobster)

Flora

Plant body fossils

The following plant body fossils have been found in the formation:

various ferns
Equisetum (Equisetaceae)
Gymnosperms
- Platyspiroxylon (Cupressaceae)
- Podocarpoxylon (Podocarpaceae)
- Elatocladus (Taxodiaceae)
- Sequoia (Taxodiaceae)
- Sequoiaxylon (Taxodiaceae)
- Taxodioxylon (Taxodiaceae)
Ginkgos
- Baiera
- Ginkgoites
Angiosperms
- Artocarpus (Moraceae)
- Cercidiphyllum (Cercidiphyllaceae)
- Dombeyopsis (Sterculiaceae)
- Menispermites (Menispermaceae)
- Pistia (Araceae)
- Platanus (Platanaceae)
- Vitis (Vitaceae)
- Trapa (Trapaceae)

Palynomorphs

Palynomorphs are organic-walled microfossils, like spores, pollen, and algae. The following palynomorphs have been found in the formation:

Unknown producers
- at least 8 species
Fungi
- at least 35 taxa
Chlorophyta (green algae and blue-green algae)
- at least 12 species
Pyrrhophyta (dinoflagellates, a type of marine algae)
- unassigned cysts
Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts)
- Anthocerotophyta (hornworts)
  - at least 5 species
- Marchantiophyta (liverworts)
  - at least 14 species
- Bryophyta (mosses)
  - at least 5 species
Lycopodiophyta
- Lycopodiaceae (club mosses)
  - at least 11 species
- Selaginellaceae (small club mosses)
  - at least 6 species
- Isoetaceae (quillworts)
  - at least 1 species
Polypodiophyta
- Osmundaceae (cinnamon ferns)
  - at least 6 species
- Schizaeaceae (climbing ferns)
  - at least 20 species
- Gleicheniaceae (Gleichenia and allies; coral ferns)
  - at least 5 species
- Cyatheaceae (Cyathea and allies)
  - at least 4 species
- Dicksoniaceae (Dicksonia and allies)
  - at least 3 species
- Polypodiaceae (ferns)
  - at least 4 species
- Matoniaceae
  - at least 1 species
- Marsileaceae
  - at least 1 species
Pinophyta (gymnosperms)
- Cycadaceae (cycads)
  - at least 3 species
- Caytoniaceae
  - at least 1 species
- Pinaceae (pines)
  - at least 4 species
- Cupressaceae (cypresses)
  - at least 3 species
- Podocarpaceae (Podocarpus and allies)
  - at least 4 species
- Cheirolepidiaceae
  - at least 2 species
- Ephedraceae (Mormon teas)
  - at least 6 species
- Unknown gymnosperms: at least 3 species
Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- Magnoliopsida (dicots)
  - Buxaceae (boxwood)
    - at least 1 species
  - Gunneraceae (gunneras)
    - at least 1 species
  - Salicaceae (willows, cottonwood, quaking aspen)
    - at least 1 species
  - Droseraceae (sundews)
    - at least 1 species
  - Olacaceae (tallowwood)
    - at least 2 species
  - Loranthaceae (showy mistletoes)
    - at least 1 species
  - Sapindaceae (soapberry)
    - at least 1 species
  - Aceraceae (maples)
    - at least 1 species
  - Proteaceae (proteas)
    - at least 9 species
  - Compositae (sunflowers)
    - at least 1 species
  - Fagaceae (beeches, oaks, chestnuts)
    - at least 2 species
  - Betulaceae (birches, alders)
    - at least 1 species
  - Ulmaceae (elms)
    - at least 1 species
  - Chenopodiaceae (goosefoots)
    - at least 1 species
- Liliopsida (monocots)
  - Liliaceae (lilies)
    - at least 6 species
  - Cyperaceae (sedges)
    - at least 1 species
  - Sparganiaceae (bur-reeds)
    - possibly 1 species
  - Unknown angiosperms: at least 88 species

Footnotes

References

Braman, D.R., and Koppelhus, E.B. 2005. Campanian palynomorphs. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 101–130.
Brinkman, D.B. 2005. Turtles: diversity, paleoecology, and distribution. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 202–220.
Caldwell, M.W. The squamates: origins, phylogeny, and paleoecology. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds). 2005. Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 235–248.
Currie, P.J. 2005. Theropods, including birds. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 367–397.
Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds). 2005. Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 648 p.
Eberth, D.A. 2005. The geology. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 54–82.
Fox, R.C. 2005. Late Cretaceous mammals. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 417–435.
K. Gao and Brinkman, D.B. 2005. Choristoderes from the Park and its vicinity. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 221–234.
Gardner, J.D. 2005. Lissamphibians. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 186–201.
Godfrey, S.J., and Currie, P.J. 2005. Pterosaurs. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 292–311.
Johnston, P.A., and Hendy, A.J.W. 2005. Paleoecology of mollusks from the Upper Cretaceous Belly River Group. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 139–166.
Koppelhus, E.B. 2005. Paleobotany. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 131–138.
Neuman, A.G., and Brinkman, D.B. 2005. Fishes of the fluvial beds. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 167–185.
Ryan, M.J., and Evans, D.C. 2005. Ornithischian dinosaurs. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 312–348.
Sato, T., Eberth, D.A., Nicholls, E.L., and Manabe, M. 2005. Plesiosaurian remains from non-marine to paralic sediments. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 249–276.
Tanke, D.H. and Brett-Surman, M.K. 2001. Evidence of Hatchling and Nestling-Size Hadrosaurs (Reptilia:Ornithischia) from Dinosaur Provincial Park (Dinosaur Park Formation: Campanian), Alberta, Canada. pp. 206–218. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life—New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Edited by D.H. Tanke and K. Carpenter. Indiana University Press: Bloomington. xviii + 577 pp.
Xiao-Chun Wu. 2005. Crocodylians. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, 277-291

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Braman, D.R., and Koppelhus, E.B. 2005. Campanian palynomorphs. In: Currie, P.J., and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press: Bloomington and Indianapolis, p. 101-130. {{ISBN. 0-253-34595-2.
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