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Dhul Khalasa

Pre-Islamic Arabian god or temple


Pre-Islamic Arabian god or temple

Dhul-Khalasa ( ar) was a god or temple of pre-Islamic Arabia, associated with the worship of the tribe of Banu Daws. This cult is only attested in Islamic sources, especially hadith and in the Book of Idols of Hisham ibn al-Kalbi. In some sources, Dhul Khalasa appears as the name of a god. According to other sources, the god was called al-Khalasa, whereas Dhul Khalasa was the name of the building or temple that this idol is associated with. A third interpretation in Islamic sources is that al-Khalasa is the name of the people who worshiped at the Dhul Khalasa temple. Islamic tradition described the temple as one of the several non-Meccan Kaabas at the time. It was called the "Southern Kaaba" (al-kaʿba al-yamaniyya) to distinguish it from the Kaaba of Mecca (al-kaʿba al-shāmiyya).

According to Islamic tradition, the temple of Dhul Khalasa was demolished in April and May 632 CE, in 10 AH of the Islamic calendar. The demolition was carried out by on the order of Muhammad, leaving the shrine in ruins.

Islamic primary sources

From classical sources there is an association between the god with divination and fertility. Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi quotes from a certain man: “O Dhul-Khalasa, were the one wronged, your father the one murdered and buried, you would not have forbidden the killing of the enemy.” This incident is usually ascribed to Imru' al-Qais, when shuffling divination arrows before the idol, gave negative results for pursuing the vengeance of his father's death.

records the following in a report about the signs of the end-times: "Abu Hurairah said, I heard the Prophet say, The Hour will not come until the buttocks of the women of Daws are set in motion while going around Dhul-Khalasa. Dhul-Khalasa was an idol worshiped by the tribe of Daws during the Jahiliyyah."

Demolition of the temple of Dhul Khalasa

The Muslim historian Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi, mentions this event as follows: When the Apostle of God captured Mecca and the Arabs embraced Islam, among the delegates who came to pay their homage was Jarir ibn-'Abdullah. He came to the Apostle and embraced Islam before him. Thereupon the Apostle addressed him saying, "O Jarir! Will you not rid me of Dhul-Khalasa?" Jarir replied, "Yea." So the Apostle dispatched him to destroy it. He set out until he got to the Banu Ahmas of the Bajilah [tribe] and with them he proceeded to Dhul-Khalasa. There he was met by the Khath'am and the Bajilah, who resisted him and attempted to defend Dhul-Khalasa. He, therefore, fought them and killed a hundred men of the Bajilah, its custodians, and many of the Khath'am; while of the Banu Qubafah ibn-'Amir ibn-Khath'am he killed two hundred. having defeated them and forced them into flight, he demolished the building which stood over Dhul-Khalasa and set it on fire. A certain woman of the Banu Khath'am thereupon said:

"The Banu Umamah, each wielding his spear,

Were slaughtered at al-Wahyah, their abode;

They came to defend their shrine, only to find

Lions with brandished swords clamoring for blood.

The women of the Khath'am were, then, humiliated

By the men of the Ahmas, and abased."

According to many of the Ulamaa of the Sunnah and Hadeeth of the past, Hishaam ibnul Akhbaaree al-Baahir Muhammad ibn as-Saa'ib bin Bishr al-Kalbee ash-Shee'ee al-Koofee was only a person who spent his nights chatting, talking constantly about genealogies, stories and nothing was known from him of (correct) chains of narrations.

One of Hishaam ibnul Kalbee's bogus claims was that he memorized the entire Qur'aan in three days!

The incident is also referenced in the Sahih Bukhari hadith collection:

The event is also mentioned in , and .

References

Sources

References

  1. Robertson Smith, William. (2010). "Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia". Forgotten Books.
  2. Muir, William. (August 1878). "The life of the holy prophet". Kessinger Publishing.
  3. Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al. (2002). "When the Moon Split". DarusSalam.
  4. Glasse, Cyril. (28 January 2003). "The new encyclopedia of Islam". AltaMira Press.
  5. Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham. (1952). "The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām". Princeton University Press.
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