DeWitt County, Texas

History

Native Americans

Archeological digs indicate early habitation from the Paleo-Indians hunter-gatherers period. Later, Tonkawa, Aranamas, Tamiques, Karankawa, Tawakoni, Lipan Apache, and Comanche lived and hunted in the county.

Explorers

The first European visitors to the county are thought to have been Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Alonso del Castillo Maldonado, Andrés Dorantes de Carranza, and his slave Estevanico of the ill-fated 1528 Narváez expedition. French explorer René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle is believed to have crossed the county on his way westward from Victoria County; and while La Bahia was a common route, no evidence of any settlements exist before the Anglo homesteaders.

County established and growth

In 1825, empresario Green DeWitt received a grant from the Coahuila y Tejas legislature to settle 400 families. Between 1826 and 1831 Texas State Historical Association settlers arrived from Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, and other Southern states.

A temporary county government was set up in 1846, with the county seat being Daniel Boone Friar's store at the junction of the La Bahía Road and the Gonzales-Victoria road. On November 28, 1850, Clinton became the county seat until Cuero became county seat in 1876.

Dewitt County voted in favor of secession from the Union, and sent several military units to serve. During Reconstruction, the county was occupied by the Fourth Corps, based at Victoria.

From April 1866 until December 1868, a sub-assistant commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau Texas State Historical Association served at Clinton. The community of Hopkinsville was established in 1872 by Henry Hopkins, freedman former slave of Judge Henry Clay Pleasants, the judge credited for ending the Sutton-Taylor Feud. Residents began a school that was active until 1956, and established the Antioch Baptist Church.

The notorious Sutton–Taylor feud began as a Reconstruction-era county law enforcement issue between the Taylor family and lawman William E. Sutton. It eventually involved both the Taylor and Sutton families, the Texas State Police, the Texas Rangers, and John Wesley Hardin. The feud, which lasted a decade and cost 35 lives, has been called the longest and bloodiest in Texas history.

April 1, 1866, marked the first cattle drive on the Chisholm Trail, which originated at Cardwell's Flat, near the present Cuero. The coming of the railroads eliminated the need for the Chisholm Trail. Dewitt's first rail line, the Gulf, Western Texas and Pacific, extended to San Antonio. The San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway, was the second line in the county. In 1907 the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway came through Dewitt. In 1925, the three lines came under the control of the Southern Pacific lines and operated as the Texas and New Orleans Railroad. Passenger service continued until November 1950.

The United States Army Air Corps opened Cuero Field, serving 290 cadets, at Cuero Municipal Airport as a pilot flight school in 1941. The school was deactivated in 1944.

Cuero and its large turkey-growing industry bills itself as the "Turkey Capital of the World". The turkey industry in Cuero began large-scale operations in 1908. Much like ranchers had cattle drives, Cuero poultry growers drove their turkeys down Main Street to the local packing plant. Each year, the crowds grew to watch the sight and sound of upwards of 20,000 turkeys going through town. The first annual Cuero Turkey Trot celebration began in 1912, complete with the "Turkey Trot" dance music of the era. By the 1970s, the event had become a 3-day typical Texas celebration with parades, live entertainment, food booths, and street dances.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 910 sqmi, of which 909 sqmi is land and 1.5 sqmi (0.2%) is water.

Major highways

• [[Image:US 87.svg|20px]] U.S. Highway 87
• [[Image:Alternate plate.svg|20px]]
• [[Image:Texas 72.svg|20px]] State Highway 72
• [[Image:Texas 119.svg|20px]] State Highway 119

Adjacent counties

• Lavaca County (northeast)
• Victoria County (southeast)
• Goliad County (south)
• Karnes County (southwest)
• Gonzales County (northwest)

Demographics

|align-fn=center 1850–2010 2020

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 19,824. The median age was 42.8 years. 22.2% of residents were under the age of 18 and 21.0% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 109.0 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 109.4 males age 18 and over.

The racial makeup of the county was 67.2% White, 8.4% Black or African American, 0.6% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.4% Asian,

48.6% of residents lived in urban areas, while 51.4% lived in rural areas.

There were 7,315 households in the county, of which 30.7% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 49.3% were married-couple households, 18.8% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 26.2% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 9,182 housing units, of which 20.3% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 72.4% were owner-occupied and 27.6% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4% and the rental vacancy rate was 11.3%.

Racial and ethnic composition

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, 20,013 people, 7,207 households, and 5,131 families were residing in the county. The population density was 22 /mi2. The 8,756 housing units had an average density of 10 /mi2. The racial makeup of the county was 76.4% White, 11.0% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 10.0% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. About 27.2% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race; 28.0% were of German and 6.1% American ancestry according to Census 2000, and 77.2% spoke English, 20.5% Spanish, and 1.6% German as their first language.

Of the 7,207 households, 31.0% had children under 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were not families. Around 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.53, and the average family size was 3.04.

In the county, the age distribution was 23.8% under 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.9% who were 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 105.2 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $28,714, and for a family was $33,513. Males had a median income of $27,134 versus $18,370 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,780. About 15.3% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.5% of those under age 18 and 16.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Dewitt County is served by:

• Cuero Independent School District
• Meyersville Independent School District
• Nordheim Independent School District
• Westhoff Independent School District
• Yoakum Independent School District
• Yorktown Independent School District

Of the six school districts, four have high schools. Meyersville ISD and Westhoff ISD students transfer to one of the other high schools in the county. Those high schools are:

• Cuero High School
• Yorktown High School (Texas)
• Nordheim High School

All of the county is in the service area of Victoria College.

Communities

Cities

• Cuero (county seat)
• Nordheim
• Yoakum (partly in Lavaca County)
• Yorktown

Unincorporated communities

• Arneckeville
• Concrete
• Hochheim
• Lindenau
• Meyersville
• Pearl City
• Thomaston
• Westhoff

Ghost town

• Clinton

Politics

Notable people

• James Dahlman, eight-term Omaha mayor from 1906 to 1930, was born in DeWitt County.
• Harlon Block, one of the Marines pictured in Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, was born in Yorktown.
• Roy Benavidez, Medal of Honor recipient of the Studies and Observations Group of the United States Army, was born in Lindenau.

References

References

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40. [https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.130.htm Texas Education Code Sec. 130.208. THE VICTORIA COLLEGE DISTRICT SERVICE AREA.]
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