Depressor labii inferioris muscle

Structure

The depressor labii inferioris muscle arises from the lateral surface of the mandible. This is below the mental foramen, and the origin may be around 3 cm wide. It inserts on the skin of the lower lip, blending in with the orbicularis oris muscle around 2 cm wide. At its origin, depressor labii is continuous with the fibers of the platysma muscle. Some yellow fat is intermingled with the fibers.

Nerve supply

The depressor labii inferioris muscle is supplied by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve.

Function

The depressor labii inferioris muscle helps to depress and everts the lower lip. It is the most important of the muscles of the lower lip for this function. It is an antagonist of the orbicularis oris muscle. It is needed to expose the mandibular (lower) teeth during smiling.

Clinical significance

Resection

The depressor labii inferioris muscle may be resected (cut and removed) using surgery to correct an asymmetry of the lower lip when smiling. This asymmetry can be caused by paralysis of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve on one side, so the healthy side may be cut to create symmetry. Local anaesthesia may be used, such as by blocking the mental nerve. This operation tends to be successful.

History

The depressor labii inferioris muscle has also (mainly historically) been called the quadratus labii inferioris muscle. Note that in the 1918 edition of Gray's Anatomy illustration used here that its abbreviation is "Quad. labii inf." (sic).

Additional images

File:Depressor_labii_inferioris_muscle_animation small.gif|Position of depressor labii inferioris muscle (red). File:Gray176.png|Mandible. Outer surface. Side view.

References

References

1. (September 2004). "Depressor labii inferioris resection: an effective treatment for marginal mandibular nerve paralysis". British Journal of Plastic Surgery.
2. (April 2022). "Lower lip depressor reanimation using anterior belly of digastric muscle transfer improves psychological wellbeing in facial palsy patients". British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.