Department of Economy, Planning, and Development

History and precursor agencies

National Economic Council

On November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated with Manuel L. Quezon as president, Sergio Osmeña as vice president, and a unicameral National Assembly as the Legislature. One of the first acts of Quezon administration was to call for a special session of Congress to enact certain laws needed by the government. Under Commonwealth Act No. 2, enacted on December 23, 1935, an advisory body for economic concerns of the Philippines called the National Economic Council was tasked with advising the government on economic and financial matters, and formulate an economic program based on national independence. The president was authorized to appoint its respective members with the consent of the Commission on Appointments of the National Assembly.

The year following its creation, the National Economic Council was organized on February 14, 1936, composed of its inaugural members – the secretary of finance (who served as chairperson), the secretary of agriculture and commerce, the chairperson of the board of directors of the Philippine National Bank, the president of the National Development Company, the president of the Manila Railroad Company, Mr. Joaquin M. Elizalde, Hon. R.J. Fernandez, Mr. Wenceslao Trinidad, Mr. Vicente Madrigal, Hon. Francisco Varona, Mr. Ramon Soriano, Hon. Vicente Singson Encarnacion, Hon. Rafael R. Alunan and Hon. Manuel Roxas.

The council was organized into eight committees: (1) Committee on agriculture and natural resources, (2) industry, (3) foreign trade and tariff, (4) domestic trade, (5) transportation and communication, (6) taxation, (7) labor and immigration, and (8) banking and finance. The first act of the council was to survey and adopt plans for an effective utilization and conservation of natural resources. The council also undertook a study, in cooperation with the National Development Company and Metropolitan Water District, on the potential of waterpower resources which eventually led to the enactment of Commonwealth Act No. 120, creating the National Power Corporation.

After World War II, the First Congress of the Philippines enacted Republic Act No. 51, which allowed the President of the Philippines to reorganize the Executive Branch of Government. In response, President Manuel Roxas amended the Administration Code of 1917 by issuing Executive Order No. 94, s. 1947. The Executive Order made the President of the Philippines the head of the National Economic Council.

During his administration, President Carlos P. Garcia saw the need to create a new office in charge of the supervision of government corporations, which he called the National Development Authority. President Garcia asked Congress to enact such a law during his 1958 State of the Nation Address. When Congress finally passed the law creating the National Development Authority, President Garcia disagreed with its limited powers, thus vetoing the bill sent to him as he mentioned in his 1959 State of the Nation Address

In 1960, Congress passed a law, which changed the composition of the National Economic Council through Republic Act No. 2699 enacted on June 18, 1960. The law increased the council's membership by including the Secretary of Commerce and Industry and granting the minority party representation in the membership of the National Economic Council. The council would continue to perform its functions throughout the Third Republic until the declaration of Martial Law on September 23, 1972.

National Economic Development Authority

The need for an office in charge of national development was revived during the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos. In his 1970 State of the Nation Address, Marcos said the administrative machinery of government must be restructured and revitalized to meet the challenge of change and development. Marcos, thereafter, crafted a government reorganization plan which included a National Economic Development Authority and submitted it to Congress for their approval.

In 1972, the National Economic Development Authority (without the conjunction “and”) was created as the government's central planning body. The first major thrust of the government-wide reorganization effected through Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. 1 issued on September 24, 1972, otherwise known as the Integrated Reorganization Plan (IRP), was the provision for an integrated organizational complex for development planning and program implementation to correct the deficiencies of the system then existing. The IRP identified these deficiencies as: (1) the dispersal of planning functions among several economic planning bodies and ad hoc councils; (2) the lack of effective coordination among economic bodies; (3) the weak link between plan formulation and program execution; (4) the need to improve the capacity for sectoral and regional planning. The decree merged the National Economic Council and the Presidential Economic staff, created by Executive Order No. 8, s. 1966, and renamed it to the National Economic Development Authority. President Marcos subsequently issued Presidential Decree No. 1-A which delineated the composition of the National Economic Development Authority.

In 1973, the National Economic Development Authority was dissolved by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 107, s. 1973. The Presidential Decree created the National Economic and Development Authority (now, with the conjunction “and”), which absorbed the National Economic Development Authority as mandated in the 1973 Constitution.

On March 12, 1986, after the 1986 People Power revolution, Executive Order (EO) No. 5 was issued by President Corazon Aquino, directing a government-wide reorganization to promote economy, efficiency and effectiveness in the delivery of public services.

On July 22, 1987, EO 230 was issued reorganizing the NEDA. The implementation of this EO was completed on February 16, 1988, when NEDA commenced operations under its reorganized setup.

Department of Economy, Planning and Development

Congressional efforts to reform and restructure the NEDA go back to 2009 prompted by the increasing scope of the responsibilities of the agency. As NEDA was a member of many inter-agency committees, oversaw both national and regional policies, and formulated operational standards, its transformation to a full-fledged executive department was seen as necessary.

On April 10, 2025, the Economy, Planning, and Development Act (Republic Act No. 12145) was signed by President Bongbong Marcos which formally created the Department of Economy, Planning, and Development as a successor to the NEDA. As the DEPDev was formed from the restructuring of NEDA, bodies such as the NEDA Board and its committees will remain in their current state until the NEDA can fully transition its operations according to the new DEPDev charter.

List of secretaries of economy, planning, and development

Director-General of the National Economic Development Authority (1972–1973)

Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority (1973–2025)

Secretary of Economy, Planning, and Development (2025–present)

Governing law

Republic Act No. 12145, signed by President Bongbong Marcos on April 10, 2025, reorganized the NEDA into the Department of Economy, Planning, and Development. The Director-General of NEDA was converted into the Secretary of Economy, Planning, and Development and the NEDA Board that served as the agency's topmost organ was reconstituted as the Economy and Development Council. Its transformation into an executive department was seen as a necessary evolution given the agency's expansion into interagency cooperation, regional development, and oversight of other agencies such as the PSA or LEDAC since the signing of Executive Order 230 that reorganized the NEDA.

Economy and Development Council

The department is headed by the Economy and Development Council (ED Council) that oversees national and regional policy direction on economic matters and the implementation of policies for economic growth and development. It also approves programs and projects that promote economic development, government expenditures, etc.

It is established as the successor to the NEDA Board which will remain as the primary steering committee of the DEPDev until the formal organization of the ED Council. On August 13, the composition of the ED Council was modified to include the Special Assistant to the President for Investment and Economic Affairs and expand certain committees. Outlined below are the officials who compose the ED Council:

In addition to the regular members of the council, the Chief Minister of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao serves as an ex officio member of the council for matters concerning the BARMM. The Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas may also serve as a resource person during meetings of the council.

Committees of the Economy and Development Council

The council is assisted by seven advisory committees for policy coordination:

1. Development Budget Coordination Committee (DBCC)
2. Economic Development Committee (EDCom)
3. Investment Coordination Committee (ICC)
4. Social Development Committee (SDC)
5. Infrastructure Committee (InfraCom)
6. Tariff and Related Matters Committee (TRMC)
7. National Land Use Committee (NLUC)
8. Regional Development Committee (RDCom) The DEPDev serves as the secretariat for all committees of the council.

Development Budget Coordination Committee (DBCC)

The DBCC oversees the formation of the annual budget, government spending programs, capital outlays for government programs, cost-sharing initiatives between the national government and local government units, foreign and domestic borrowing, and formation of multi-year fiscal programs. The DBCC then recommends these policies to the President for final approval.

The DBCC also reviews fiscal and macroeconomic targets as well as the revenues and expenditures of the national government.

Economic Development Committee (EDCom)

The EDCom is tasked with harmonizing and coordinating policies across agencies that are part of the economic and development agenda. The focuses on the competitiveness of local business, support for farming and rural enterprises, efforts to mitigate inflation, research on national productivity, and the equitable distribution of economic opportunities.

The EDCom also consists of the Sub-Committee on Inflation Monitoring and Market Outlook that advises the EDCom on the maintenance of inflation within the government's targets.

Infrastructure Development Committee (InfraCom)

The InfraCom advises the President on policies and programs related to infrastructure development and endorses infrastructural master plans and projects to the ED Council. The InfraCom also coordinates the activities of government agencies and government-owned and -controlled corporations (GOCCs) involved in infrastructure development.

Investment Coordination Committee (ICC)

The ICC assesses and evaluates the viability of major capital projects, outlines their implementation, oversees public-private partnerships and reports on the fiscal implications of investment and foreign borrowing programs.

Social Development Committee (SDC)

The SDC proposes policies and programs relating to social development, education, human resources, health and nutrition, family planning, social protections, human settlements, and Overseas Filipino Workers to the ED Council and coordinates their implementation.

Tariff and Related Matters Committee (TRMC)

The TRMC recommends tariff rationalization and trade policies to the President and advises the ED Council on developments in trade policies. The TRMC also oversees the implementation of bilateral, regional, and multilateral economic negotiations on the trade of goods and services.

National Land Use Committee (NLUC)

The NLUC advises the President and the ED Council on land use and physical planning, identifies present land resources, harmonizes guidelines and frameworks on the use of land and space, provides technical support to the Department of Justice on the resolution of land disputes, and proposes the National Framework for Physical Planning.

The NLUC is also tasked with integrating disaster risk management and climate change adaptation policies into socio-economic plans and projects.

Regional Development Committee (RDCom)

The RDCom formulates and monitors regional development, coordinates inter-regional development policies and programs, formulates and monitors the implementation of regional programs under the Philippine Development Plan, and promotes the equitable allocation of fiscal resources.

National Innovation Council

Other offices

1. The Legislative-Executive Development Advisory Council (LEDAC) Secretariat.
2. The Legislative Liaison Office (LLO)

Attached agencies

Following its reorganization by Republic Act No. 12145, the attached agencies of the DEPDev are classified into 3 groups:

Agencies attached for administrative supervision:

1. Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency (PNVSCA)
2. Tariff Commission (TC)

Agencies attached for policy coordination:

1. Philippine Statistics Authority
2. Philippine Statistical Research and Training Institute (PSRTI)

Agencies attached for policy and program coordination:

1. Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS)
2. Commission on Population and Development (CPD)
3. Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP)
4. Public-Private Partnership Center of the Philippines (PPPC)

Notes

References

References

1. National Economic and Development Authority. (July 29, 2020). "About NEDA". National Economic and Development Authority.
2. [[Department of Budget and Management]]. "Staffing Summary Fiscal Year 2024".
3. (December 30, 2021). "General Appropriations Act of Fiscal Year 2022".
4. (April 10, 2025). "Republic Act No. 12145".
5. (May 23, 2022). "Marcos picks Aquino's NEDA chief Balisacan to return to agency". [[Rappler]].
6. "History: The Department of National Defense". Republic of the Philippines.
7. (December 23, 1935). "Commonwealth Act No. 2 (December 23, 1935)". Republic of the Philippines.
8. "The First Annual Report of the President of the Philippines to the President of the United States Covering the Period of November 15, 1935 to December 31, 1936".
9. "Commonwealth Act No. 120".
10. "Republic Act No. 51". Arellano Law Foundation.
11. (January 26, 1959). "Second State of the Nation Address". Republic of the Philippines.
12. "Republic Act No. 2699". ChanRobles Publishing Company.
13. (January 26, 1970). "Fifth State of the Nation Address". Republic of the Philippines.
14. "History of the National Economic and Development Authority". Republic of the Philippines.
15. (September 24, 1972). "Presidential Decree No. 1, s. 1972". Republic of the Philippines.
16. (February 1966). "Executive Order No. 8, s. 1966". Republic of the Philippines.
17. (November 1972). "Presidential Decree No. 1-A, 1972". Republic of the Philippines.
18. (January 24, 1973). "Presidential Decree No. 107, s. 1973". Republic of the Philippines.
19. (23 May 2022). "Ex-Aquino Cabinet Arsenio Balisacan is Marcos Jr.'s NEDA chief". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
20. (24 May 2022). "Who's who: The Marcos Cabinet". Philippine Star.
21. Fuentes, Arther. (Apr 11, 2025). "NEDA to become DEPDev after Marcos signs law".
22. (April 11, 2025). "From NEDA to DEPDev: Ushering in a new era of strengthened economic governance".
23. (August 13, 2025). "REORGANIZING THE COMPOSITION OF THE ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL AND ITS COMMITTEES".