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Demographics of the Philippines

None

Demographics of the Philippines

None

FieldValue
placethe Philippines
imagePhilippines Population Pyramid.svg
image_size350
captionPopulation pyramid of the Philippines as of 2020 census
size_of_population112,729,484 (2024 census)
growth0.80% (2020–2024)
birth12.4 births/1,000 population
(2021)
death8.0 deaths/1,000 population (2021)
life72.66 years
life_male68.72 years
life_female74.74 years (2011 est.)
infant_mortality24.0 deaths/1,000 live births
fertility1.9 children born/woman (2022 est.)
net_migration−1.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)
age_0-14_years29.98%
(male 17,006,677/female 16,036,437)
age_15-64_years64.22%
(male 35,879,693/female 34,885,763)
age_65_years5.80%
(male 2,754,813/female 3,635,271) (2021 est.)
total_mf_ratio1 male(s)/female
sr_at_birth1.05 male(s)/female
sr_under_151.04 male(s)/female
sr_15-64_years1 male(s)/female
sr_65_years_over0.76 male(s)/female
nationFilipinos
major_ethnicVisayan (Cebuano, Waray, Hiligaynon/Ilonggo, Karay-a, Aklanon, Masbatenyo, Romblomanon) 31.6%, Tagalog 28.1% (2000 census)
minor_ethnicIlocano 9%, Bikol 6%, Kapampangan 3%, Pangasinan 2%, Zamboangueño 1.5% & others 23.3% (2000 census)
officialFilipino and English
spokenRecognized regional languages: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Bicolano, Waray, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Maranao, Maguindanao, Zamboangueño Chavacano and Tausug
Protected auxiliary languages: Spanish and Arabic

(2021) | age_0-14_years = 29.98% (male 17,006,677/female 16,036,437) | age_15-64_years = 64.22% (male 35,879,693/female 34,885,763) (male 2,754,813/female 3,635,271) (2021 est.) | sr_15-64_years = 1 male(s)/female Protected auxiliary languages: Spanish and Arabic

Demographic features of the Philippines include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. The Philippines annualized population growth rate between the years 2020 and 2024 was 0.80%. According to the 2024 census, the population of the Philippines is 112,729,484. The first census in the Philippines was held in the year 1591 which counted 667,612 people.

The majority of Filipinos are lowland Austronesians, while the Aetas (Negritos), as well as other highland groups form a minority. The indigenous population is related to the indigenous populations of the Malay Archipelago. Some ethnic groups that have been in the Philippines for centuries before Spanish and American colonial rule have assimilated or intermixed. This is the case with the Sama-Bajau ethnicity which possess Austroasiatic ancestry and the Blaan people who possess Papuan ancestry, while ancient immigration integrated some Indian ancestry to the precolonial Indianized kingdoms in the islands. Meanwhile, Spanish era censuses from the 1700s, record that 2.33% of the population were Mexicans and 5% were mixed Spanish-Filipinos or pure Spanish-Filipinos. Records from the Philippine government shows that pure Chinese were 1.35 million and mixed Chinese-Filipinos composed about 20% of the population. Up to 750,000 people from the United States of America also live in the Philippines. They represent 0.75% of the total population, while an additional 250,000 about 0.25% of Filipinos are Amerasians of half Filipino and half American descent.Mixed Marriage...Interreligious, Interracial, Interethnic By Dr. Robert H. Schram Thus making the percentage of the population having either full or partial American descent amount to 1% of the Philippines' demographics. Other ethnic groups include the Arabs who intermixed with Muslim Filipinos and the Japanese who form parts of the population.

The most commonly spoken indigenous languages are Tagalog and Cebuano, with 23.8 million (45 million speakers as Filipino) and 16 million speakers, respectively. Nine other indigenous languages have at least one million native speakers: Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Waray, Bicolano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Maranao, Maguindanao, and Tausug. One or more of these are spoken as a mother tongue by more than 93% of the population. Filipino and English are the official languages, but there are between 120 and 170 distinct indigenous Philippine languages (depending on expert classifications).

Population history

The historical population of the Philippines
Philippines population density map per province as of 2009 per square kilometer:

]] The first census in the Philippines was in 1591, based on books collected. The books counted the total founding population of the Spanish-Philippines as 667,612 people.{{Cite journal|last=Pearson|first=M. N.|date=1969|title=The Spanish 'Impact' on the Philippines, 1565-1770|journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient|volume=12|issue=2|pages=165–186|doi=10.2307/3596057|jstor=3596057 |access-date = July 24, 2021 |archive-date = June 3, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180603111934/https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419 |url-status = live

The rest were Austronesians and Negritos. With 667,612 people, during this era, the Philippines was among the most sparsely populated lands in Asia. In contrast, Japan during that era (the 1500s) had a population of 8 million and Mexico had a population of 4 million, which was huge compared to the Philippine's 600,000. In 1600, the method of population counting was revamped by the Spanish officials, who then based the counting of the population through church records.

Stephanie J. Mawson, by rummaging through records in the archives of Mexico discovered that the Spaniards were not the only immigrant group to the Philippines; Peru and Mexico too sent soldiers to the islands, and in fact outnumbered the Spaniards who immigrated to the Philippines.

Location16031636164216441654165516701672
Manila900446—407821799708667
Fort Santiago—22——50—8681
Cavite—70——89—225211
Cagayan4680————155155
Calamianes——————7373
Caraga—45————8181
Cebu8650————135135
Formosa—180——————
Moluccas80480507—389———
Otón6650————169169
Zamboanga—210——184———
Other255———————
Total reinforcements1,5331,6332,0672,085n/an/a1,6321,572

In 1798, the population of Luzon or Luconia was estimated to be around 600,000 with the other islands, unknown. 200,000 of the 600,000 population were of mixed-raced descent of either Spanish, Chinese or Latin-American admixture. 5,000 enlisted soldiers on that year, were of South American descent, while 2,500 were pure Spanish officers. There were 20,000 new Chinese immigrants. The book, "Intercolonial Intimacies Relinking Latin/o America to the Philippines, 1898–1964 By Paula C. Park" citing "Forzados y reclutas: los criollos novohispanos en Asia (1756–1808)" gave a higher number of later Mexican soldier-immigrants to the Philippines, pegging the number at 35,000 immigrants in the 1700s in a population of only 1.5 million, thus forming 2.33% of the population.

In 1799, Friar Manuel Buzeta estimated the population of all the Philippine islands as 1,502,574. Despite the number of Mixed Spanish-Filipino descent being the lowest, they may be more common than expected as many Spaniards often had Filipino concubines and mistresses and they frequently produced children out of wedlock.{{Cite journal|last=Doran|first=Christine|date=1993|title=Spanish and Mestizo Women of Manila|journal=Philippine Studies|volume=41|issue=3|pages=269–286

In the late 1700s to early 1800s, Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, an Agustinian Friar from Spain, in his Two Volume Book: "Estadismo de las islas Filipinas" compiled a census of the Spanish-Philippines based on the tribute counts (Which represented an average family of seven to ten children and two parents, per tribute) and came upon the following statistics:

ProvinceNative TributesSpanish Mestizo TributesAll Tributes
Tondo14,437-1/23,52827,897-7
539}}5,724-1/28599,132-4
Laguna14,392-1/233619,448-6
539}}15,01445121,579-7
539}}3,1653-1/24,000-8
539}}16,586-1/22,00725,760-5
539}}16,604-1/22,64127,358-1
539}}3,0826195,433
539}}1,136734,389
31}}44,852-1/263168,856
31}}19,836719-1/225,366
31}}9,888011,244-6
54}}19,686-1/2154-1/224,994
54}}12,33914616,093
54}}7,396129,228
Cebu28,112-1/262528,863
113}}3,0421034,060
113}}7,67837-1/210,011
113}}3,49704,977
Misamis1,27801,674
113}}5,74107,176
Iloilo29,72316637,760
113}}11,4598914,867
Antique9,228011,620
113}}2,28903,161
TOTAL299,04913,201 424,992-16

The Spanish-Filipino population as a proportion of the provinces widely varied; with as high as 19% of the population of Tondo province (The most populous province and former name of Manila), to Pampanga 13.7%, Cavite at 13%, Laguna 2.28%, Batangas 3%, Bulacan 10.79%, Bataan 16.72%, Ilocos 1.38%, Pangasinan 3.49%, Albay 1.16%, Cebu 2.17%, Samar 3.27%, Iloilo 1%, Capiz 1%, Bicol 20%, and Zamboanga 40%. According to the data, in the Archdiocese of Manila which administers much of Luzon under it, about 10% of the population was Spanish-Filipino. Summing up all the provinces including those with no Spanish Filipinos, all in all, in the total population of the Philippines, Spanish Filipinos and mixed Spanish-Filipinos composed 5% of the population.

Meanwhile, government records show that 20% of the Philippines' total population were either pure Chinese or Mixed Chinese-Filipinos.

The first official census was in 1878, when the population as of midnight on December 31, 1877, was counted. This was followed by the 1887 census, with the 1898 census not completed. The 1887 census yielded a count of 5,984,727 excluding non-Christians.

In the 1860s to 1890s, in the urban areas of the Philippines, especially at Manila, according to burial statistics, as much as 3.3% of the population were pure European Spaniards and the pure Chinese were as high as 9.9%. The Spanish-Filipino and Chinese-Filipino mestizo populations may have fluctuated. Eventually, everybody belonging to these non-native categories diminished because they were assimilated into and chose to self-identify as pure Filipinos. Since during the Philippine Revolution, the term "Filipino" included anybody born in the Philippines coming from any race. That would explain the abrupt drop of otherwise high Chinese, Spanish and mestizo percentages across the country by the time of the first American census in 1903.

1903 census

In 1903 the population of the Philippines was recounted by American authorities to fulfill Act 467. The survey yielded 7,635,426 people, including 56,138 who were foreign-born.

1920 census

According to the 1920 United States census, there were 10,314,310 people in the Philippines. 99 percent were Filipino; 51,751 were either Chinese or Japanese; 34,563 were of mixed race; 12,577 were Caucasian; and 7,523 were African.

1939

The 1939 census was undertaken in conformity with Section 1 of Commonwealth Act 170. The Philippine population figure was 16,000,303.

1941

In 1941 the estimated population of the Philippines reached 17,000,000. Manila's population was 684,000.

By then, some 27% of the population could speak English as a second language, while the number of Spanish speakers as first language had further fallen to 3% from 10 to 14% at the beginning of the century. In 1936, Tagalog was selected to be the basis for a national language. In 1987, the Filipino language, a standard language based on Tagalog, was imposed as the national language and as one of the two official languages alongside English.

1948

In 1948, just two years after the independence of the Philippines from the United States of America, the country conducted its first post-war national census, recording a population of 19,234,182.

1966

The country ranks 18th in the world with 33,704,741 people, an increase of 899,211 people compared to 1965 data. Comparing the 1941 population of 17,000,000, the increase nearly doubled, reaching 16,704,749 in 67 years.

Philippine census surveys

Main article: Philippines census

|1960 |27087685 |1970 |36684486 |1975 |42070660 |1980 |48098460 |1990 |60703206 |1995 |68616536 |2000 |76506928 |2007 |88566732 |2010 |92337852 |2015 |100981437 |2020 |109033245 |2024 |112729484

In 1960, the government of the Philippines conducted a survey on both population, and housing. The population was pegged at 27,087,685. Successive surveys were again conducted in 1970, 1975, 1980, and 1990, which gave the population as 36,684,948, 42,070,660, 48,098,460, and 60,703,206 respectively. In 1995, the POPCEN was launched, undertaken at the month of September, The data provided the bases for the Internal Revenue Allocation to local government units, and for the creation of new legislative areas. The count was made official by then President Fidel Ramos by Proclamation No, 849 on August 14, 1995, The population was 68,616,536.

Vital statistics

Registered births and deaths

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

Notable events in Filipino demographics:

  • 1918-1919 – Spanish flu pandemic
  • 1941-1945 – Second World War
  • 2020-2022 – COVID-19 pandemic
Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Total fertility rateInfant mortality rate (per 1000 births)
19037,635,000284,000329,671-44,87137.343.2-5.9
19047,659,000216,176146,89469,28228.219.29.0
19057,699,000244,586166,55578,03131.821.610.2
19067,761,000215,296143,28472,01227.718.59.2
19077,844,000258,010138,464119,54632.917.715.2
19087,964,000278,369190,49587,87435.023.911.1
19098,095,000234,726179,35555,37129.022.26.8
19108,220,000290,210191,57698,63435.323.312.0
19118,387,000302,855188,412114,44336.122.513.6
19128,576,000290,995185,185105,81033.921.612.3
19138,786,000316,056154,086161,97036.017.518.5
19149,017,000347,337163,943183,39438.518.220.3
19159,269,000327,206176,313150,89335.319.016.3
19169,542,000340,269195,970144,65935.720.515.2
19179,836,000353,283212,334140,94935.921.614.3
191810,314,000345,751367,106-21,35533.535.6-2.1
191910,324,000306,832326,716-19,88429.731.6-1.9
192010,445,000351,195200,690150,50533.619.214.4
192110,673,000364,432205,654158,77834.119.314.8
192210,908,000373,506203,237170,26934.218.615.6
192311,152,000385,418202,981182,43734.618.216.4
1924
1925
192611,935,000400,439229,928170,51133.619.314.3
192712,212,000414,357229,328185,02933.918.815.1
192812,498,000422,716218,096204,62033.817.516.3
192912,792,000428,996237,733191,26333.518.614.9
193013,094,000429,245252,988176,25732.819.313.5
193113,405,000440,159240,825199,33432.818.014.8
193213,724,000446,940211,809235,13132.615.417.1
193314,051,000459,682227,594232,08832.716.216.5
193414,387,000447,738239,703208,03531.116.714.4
193514,731,000461,410257,181204,22931.317.513.8
193615,084,000485,126239,107246,01932.215.916.3
193715,445,000513,760254,740259,02033.316.516.8
193815,814,000512,389261,848250,54132.416.615.8
193916,000,000522,432273,141249,29132.716.915.8
194016,460,000535,117273,480261,63732.516.615.9
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
194618,434,000533,283278,546254,73728.915.113.8
194718,786,000272,226238,52733,69914.512.71.8
194819,234,000602,415243,467358,94831.312.718.6
194919,509,000609,138231,151377,98731.211.819.4
195019,881,000642,472226,505415,96732.311.420.9
195120,260,000637,264237,937399,32731.511.719.8
195220,646,000650,725241,020409,70531.511.719.8
195321,039,000468,489239,988228,50122.311.410.9
195422,869,000702,662217,650485,01230.79.521.2
195523,568,000734,761212,798521,96331.29.022.2
195624,288,000542,249205,581336,66822.38.513.8
195725,030,000514,202199,919314,28320.58.012.5
195825,795,000484,592185,437299,15518.67.211.4
195926,584,000616,893176,448440,44523.26.616.6
196027,088,000649,651196,544453,10724.07.316.7
196128,214,000647,846207,436440,41023.07.315.7
196229,064,000775,146169,880605,26626.75.920.8
196329,937,000786,698214,412572,28626.37.219.1
196430,841,000802,648222,097580,55126.07.218.8
196531,770,000795,415234,935560,48025.07.417.6
196632,727,000823,342236,396586,94625.27.218.0
196733,713,000840,302240,122600,18024.97.117.8
196834,728,000898,570261,893636,67725.97.518.4
196935,774,000946,753241,678705,07526.56.819.7
197036,684,000966,762234,038732,72426.46.420.0
197137,902,000963,749250,139713,61025.46.618.8
197238,991,000968,385285,761682,62424.87.317.5
197340,123,0001,049,290283,475765,81526.27.119.1
197441,279,0001,081,073283,975797,09826.26.919.3
197542,071,0001,223,837271,136952,70129.16.422.7
197643,338,0001,314,860299,8611,014,99930.36.923.4
197744,417,0001,344,836308,9041,035,93230.37.023.3
197845,498,0001,387,588297,0341,090,55430.56.524.0
197946,592,0001,429,814306,4271,123,38730.76.624.1
198048,098,0001,456,860298,0061,158,85430.36.224.1
198149,536,0001,461,204301,1171,160,08729.56.123.4
198250,783,0001,474,491308,7581,165,73329.06.122.9
198352,055,0001,506,356327,2601,179,09628.96.322.6
198453,351,0001,478,205313,3591,164,84627.75.921.8
198554,668,0001,437,154334,6631,102,49126.36.120.2
198656,004,0001,493,995326,7491,167,24626.75.820.9
198757,356,0001,582,469335,2541,247,21527.65.821.8
198858,721,0001,565,372325,0981,240,27426.75.521.2
198960,097,0001,565,254325,6211,239,63326.05.420.6
199060,703,0001,631,069313,8901,317,17926.95.421.5
199163,729,0001,643,296298,0631,345,23325.84.721.1
199265,339,0001,684,395319,5791,364,81625.84.920.9
199366,982,0001,680,896318,5461,362,35025.14.820.34.1
199468,624,0001,645,011321,4401,323,57124.04.719.3
199568,617,0001,645,043324,7371,320,30624.04.719.3
199669,951,0001,608,468344,3631,264,10523.04.918.1
199771,549,0001,653,236339,4001,313,83623.14.718.4
199873,147,0001,632,859352,9921,279,86722.34.817.53.7
199974,746,0001,613,335347,9891,265,34621.64.716.9
200076,348,0001,766,440366,9311,399,50923.14.818.3
200177,926,0001,714,093381,8341,332,25922.04.917.1
200279,503,0001,666,773396,2971,270,47621.05.016.0
200381,081,0001,669,442396,3311,273,11120.64.915.73.5
200482,663,0001,710,994403,1911,307,80320.74.915.8
200584,241,0001,688,918426,0541,262,86420.05.114.9
200686,973,0001,663,029441,0361,221,99319.15.114.0
200788,706,0001,749,878441,9561,307,92219.75.014.7
200890,457,0001,784,316461,5811,322,73519.75.114.63.3
200992,227,0001,745,585480,8201,264,76518.95.213.7
201094,013,0001,782,981488,2651,294,71619.05.213.8
201195,053,0001,746,864498,4861,248,37818.45.313.2
201296,328,0001,790,367514,7451,275,62218.65.313.2
201397,571,0001,761,602531,2801,230,32217.95.412.53
201499,138,0001,748,857536,9991,211,85817.65.412.2
2015100,699,0001,744,767560,6051,184,16217.35.511.8
2016102,530,0001,731,289582,1831,149,10616.85.611.2
2017104,169,0001,700,618579,2621,121,35616.25.510.72.7
2018105,755,0001,668,120590,7091,077,41115.85.610.2
2019107,288,1501,674,302620,7241,053,57815.65.89.8
2020109,202,7001,528,624613,936914,68814.05.68.4
2021110,081,7001,364,739879,429485,31012.48.04.4
2022110,939,8001,455,393679,766775,62713.06.16.91.9
2023111,941,2001,448,522694,821753,70112.86.26.61.75
2024112,729,4841,358,989701,884657,10512.06.25.81.64(e)
2025

Current vital statistics

As the finalized, instead of provisional, live birth data for 2022 was published on January 5, 2024, while the corresponding finalized death data was published on February 6, 2024, it's better to take the monthly provisional updates with a 12-month delay. For example, regarding the latest provisional update at the end of July 2024, the data within the reference period from January through July 2023 would be reliable, while the data from August on would likely be underregistered & would face large revision during future months.

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January - May 2024531,769290,720+241,049
January - May 2025498,511284,546+213,965
Difference–33,258 (–6.25%)–6,174 (–2.12%)–27,084
Source:

Regarding the numbers listed in the table above for comparison, due to the substantial revision of vital statistics within the same reference period published in different versions from month to month (which itself is further due to the delay of registration in the Philippines), to make them really comparable, those data of the same period last year shall be drawn from the corresponding publication one year earlier, rather than the current version. Otherwise recent births and deaths are likely to be drastically underestimated.

Also note that it would be an appropriate assumption that the registration rate is increasing and the delay is decreasing from year to year in the Philippines, which could lead to overestimates in positive changes of births and deaths in the current year.

UN estimates

PeriodLive births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR1CDR1NC1TFR1IMR1
1950–1955981 000269 000712 00048.613.335.37.4296.8
1955–19601,095,000285 000810 00045.711.933.87.2786.5
1960–19651,218,000299 000919 00043.010.632.56.9877.4
1965–19701,334,000311 0001,023,00040.49.431.06.5467.8
1970–19751,461,000326 0001,136,00038.38.529.85.9859.3
1975–19801,643,000346 0001,297,00037.47.929.55.4651.8
1980–19851,801,000368 0001,433,00035.67.328.34.9245.2
1985–19901,968,000393 0001,575,00034.06.827.24.5339.5
1990–19952,084,000419 0001,664,00031.86.425.44.1434.5
1995–20002,216,000450 0001,766,00030.26.124.13.9030.1
2000–20052,360,000487 0001,873,00028.85.523.33.7026.3
2005–20102,318,000528 0001,790,00025.95.520.43.3023.0
2010–201524.15.818.33.05
2015–202020.65.814.82.58
2020–202519.66.213.42.45
2025–203018.66.512.12.34
1CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births
Population density (2010)

Demographic and health surveys

Total fertility rate (TFR) (wanted fertility rate) and crude birth rate (CBR):

YearCBR (total)TFR (total)CBR (urban)TFR (urban)CBR (rural)TFR (rural)
199329.74.09 (2.9)28.53.53 (2.6)30.94.82 (3.3)
199828.03.73 (2.7)25.83.01 (2.3)30.14.67 (3.3)
200325.63.5 (2.5)24.73.0 (2.2)26.74.3 (3.0)
200823.43.3 (2.4)21.62.8 (2.1)24.63.8 (2.7)
201322.13.0 (2.2)21.52.6 (1.9)22.63.5 (2.5)
201718.62.7 (2.0)18.42.4 (1.8)18.72.9 (2.2)
202213.31.9 (1.5)12.71.7 (1.3)14.02.2 (1.7)

Single mother phenomenon and illegitimate birth rate

Single

More than half of the children born every year in the Philippines are illegitimate, and the percentage of illegitimate children is rising by 2% per year.{{Cite book |author1-first = Stephanie |author1-last = Hepburn |author2-first = Rita J. |author2-last = Simon |access-date = June 7, 2023 |archive-date = August 4, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230804042638/https://books.google.com/books?id=vLOE6Rizq68C |url-status = live

Reporting
year% of women in live-in relationship% increase in women in live-in relationship% of women in marriages% change in women in marriagesPSA sources
2022-6.2%
2017-3.4%
2013-4.9%
2008-4.9%
2003-2.2%
1998-1.0%
1993url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717071033/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/872894/psa-women-living-with-partners-at-30-year-high-in-2022/story/date=July 17, 2023 }}, GMA Network, 14 June 2023.

The following table, based on the annual official data sourced from Philippine Statistics Authority, shows the growing annual trend of illegitimate child births by percentages:

Reporting
yearNationwide % of illegitimate children born every yearNationwide % increase in illegitimate children compared to previous year% of illegitimate children born in NCR every year% of illegitimate children born in ARMM every yearPSA sources
202157.1%0.1%69.2%5.2%title=Births in the Philippines, 2021url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/registered-live-births-philippines-2021-0access-date=July 17, 2023archive-date=March 5, 2023archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305185139/https://psa.gov.ph/content/registered-live-births-philippines-2021-0url-status=live }}
202057.0%2.2%68.4%5.4%title=Births in the Philippines, 2020url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/registered-live-births-philippines-2020access-date=July 17, 2023archive-date=July 17, 2023archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717063211/https://psa.gov.ph/content/registered-live-births-philippines-2020url-status=live }}
201954.8%0.5%66.2%4.8%title=Births in the Philippines, 2019url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/registered-live-births-philippines-2019access-date=July 17, 2023archive-date=February 4, 2021archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204175222/https://psa.gov.ph/content/registered-live-births-philippines-2019url-status=live }}
201854.3%1.0%65.8%4.3%title=Births in the Philippines, 2018, Reference Number: 2019-230url=https://psa.gov.ph/vital-statistics/id/144897access-date=December 27, 2019archive-date=August 5, 2020archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805082207/https://psa.gov.ph/vital-statistics/id/144897url-status=live }}
201753.3%4.1%64.9%4.3%title=Births in the Philippines, 2012017, Reference Number: 2018-199url=https://psa.gov.ph/vital-statistics/id/13697access-date=December 18, 2018archive-date=July 14, 2020archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714233830/https://psa.gov.ph/vital-statistics/id/13697url-status=live }}
201649.2%−2.9%59.9%4.8%title=Births in the Philippines, 2016, Reference Number: 2018-033url=https://psa.gov.ph/vital-statistics/id/129678access-date=February 27, 2018archive-date=June 13, 2018archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613120536/http://psa.gov.ph/vital-statistics/id/129678url-status=live }}
201552.1%1.8%63.0%6.2%title=2015 PSA data on live births by legitimacy by regionsurl=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/crd/specialrelease/SR%202015%20Births_tab4%265.pdfaccess-date=December 21, 2017archive-date=November 13, 2018archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113072135/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/crd/specialrelease/SR%202015%20Births_tab4%265.pdfurl-status=live }}
201450.3%2.1%62.0%6.6%title=2014 PSA data on live births by legitimacy by regionsurl=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Birth%202014%20Tables.pdfaccess-date=December 21, 2017archive-date=October 26, 2017archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026090627/http://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Birth%202014%20Tables.pdfurl-status=live }}
201348.2%2.5%60.9%6.6%title=2013 PSA data on live births by legitimacy by regionsurl=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%204_4.pdfaccess-date=December 21, 2017archive-date=December 15, 2018archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215123615/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%204_4.pdfurl-status=live }}
201245.7%1.1%58.5%5.4%title=2012 PSA data on live births by legitimacy by regionsurl=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%204_7.pdfaccess-date=December 21, 2017archive-date=December 15, 2018archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215121253/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%204_7.pdfurl-status=live }}
201144.6%7.1%56.9%7.6%title=2011 PSA data on live births by legitimacy by regionsurl=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%204_6.pdfaccess-date=December 21, 2017archive-date=December 15, 2018archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215122415/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Table%204_6.pdfurl-status=live }}
200837.5%NANANAtitle=Live Births by Age Group of Mother, by Sex, and Legitimacy – Philippine Statistics Authorityurl=https://psa.gov.ph/content/live-births-age-group-mother-sex-and-legitimacyaccess-date=December 21, 2017website=psa.gov.pharchive-date=October 12, 2017archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012163956/http://psa.gov.ph/content/live-births-age-group-mother-sex-and-legitimacyurl-status=live }}

First time single mothers are mainly due to the teenage pregnancy among girls in the 17 to 19 years old age bracket, thus getting trapped in the cycle of poverty and abuse. Some females become prostitutes in the Philippines after they become unwed single mothers from teenage pregnancy. As of 2016 more than half of Filipina women did not want additional children, but access to contraceptives was limited, and many people were hesitant to use what contraceptives were available due to opposition from the Catholic Church. The reasons for the high illegitimate birthrate and single motherhood include the unpopularity of artificial contraception inadequate sex education, delays in implementing birth control legislation and a machismo attitude among many Filipino males. There are three million household heads without a spouse, two million of whom were female (2015 PSA estimates).

Between 2010 and 2014, 54% of all pregnancies in the Philippines (1.9 million pregnancies) were unintended. Consequently, 9% of women between 15 and 19 years of age have begun childbearing, and every year there are 610 000 unsafe abortions. In 2017, modern contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) in "the Philippines was 40% among married women of reproductive age and 17% among unmarried sexually active women" and "Forty-six percent of married women used no contraceptive method in 2017 and 14% a traditional method." The "unmet need for family planning' which is the lack of access of contraceptives to women do not want to have more children or wish to delay having children was 17% among married women and 49% among unmarried and among unmarried only 22% women were able to access modern contraceptive methods. "As a consequence of the low contraceptive met need, 68% of unintended pregnancies occur in women not using any method and 24% in those using traditional methods" and the rest had to resort to unsafe traditional methods.

The Catholic Church in Philippines opposes sex before or outside marriage, and the use of modern contraceptive and the passing of laws allowing for divorce. The Catholic religion that was introduced by Spanish colonial era Catholic friars was adapted through a process of enculturation. i.e. Filipinos practice a liberal cultural attitude towards sexual relationships while also contrastingly practicing orthodox Catholic religious belief which opposes the modern scientific contraceptives and laws based on the modern values, resulting in lack of access to family planning methods, stigmatization of medical abortions, a high number of unwanted pregnancies, lack of access to safe modern medical abortions, high and still rising trend of illegitimate newborn birth rate.

The law of the Philippines continues to differentiate and discriminate between filiation (recognition of the biological relationship between father and child) and legitimacy (legally considered a legitimate child), national law still continues to label the "nonmarital births" as "illegitimate", which has been criticized by the social and legal activists for the constitutional stigmatization and denial of equal legal rights.

Life expectancy

Life expectancy in the Philippines since 1960 by gender
PeriodLife expectancy in yearsPeriodLife expectancy in years
1950–195555.41985–199064.7
1955–196057.11990–199565.7
1960–196558.61995–200066.8
1965–197060.12000–200567.5
1970–197561.42005–201068.0
1975–198061.72010–201568.6
1980–198562.9

Source: UN World Population Prospects

Structure of the population

Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total51,069,96249,909,341100,979,303100
0–45,590,4855,228,44610,818,93110.71
5–95,596,8375,246,08310,842,92010.74
10–145,405,4185,088,52410,493,94210.39
15–195,202,2394,988,94610,191,18510.09
20–244,795,7724,671,7229,467,4949.38
25–294,252,8174,107,6308,360,4478.28
30–343,755,9633,585,9317,341,8947.27
35–393,447,3493,295,3386,742,6876.68
40–442,995,3912,853,9375,849,3285.79
45–492,680,4642,603,8615,284,3255.23
50–542,227,5792,202,9684,430,5474.39
55–591,785,4361,821,3983,606,8343.57
60–641,325,8151,435,3682,761,1832.73
65–69878 3271,037,7981,916,1251.90
70–74523 237696 8431,220,0801.21
75–79338 520520 578859 0980.85
80–84169 388305 752475 1400.47
85–8969 930148 296218 2260.22
90–9421 86853 08774 9550.07
95–995 95614 01019 9660.02
100+1 1712 8253 996
0–1416,592,74015,563,05332,155,79331.84
15–6432,468,82531,567,09964,035,92463.41
65+2,008,3972,779,1894,787,5864.74
Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total55,641,18354,557,471110,198,654100
0–45,713,9395,376,61911,090,55810.06
5–95,721,2455,393,76011,115,00510.09
10–145,571,4935,266,05810,837,5519.83
15–195,282,2205,065,57210,347,7929.39
20–245,025,2434,778,6909,803,9338.90
25–294,731,6754,491,8359,223,5108.37
30–344,332,5324,161,3738,493,9057.71
35–393,809,6053,689,3267,498,9316.80
40–443,315,0633,236,8206,551,8835.95
45–492,991,3202,930,4625,921,7825.37
50–542,552,9722,536,8545,089,8264.62
55–592,159,4652,201,3214,360,7863.96
60–641,679,5981,793,5103,473,1083.15
65-691,202,3101,377,1812,579,4912.34
70-74757 578957 9891,715,5671.56
75-79450 941660 1111,111,0521.01
80+343 984639 990983 9740.89
0–1417,006,67716,036,43733,043,11429.99
15–6435,879,69334,885,76370,765,45664.22
65+2,754,8133,635,2716,390,0845.80

By region

Total fertility rate (TFR) and other related statistics by region, as of 2013:

RegionTotal fertility ratePercentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnantMean number of children ever born to women age 40–49
National Capital Region2.33.03.0
Cordillera Administrative Region2.94.84.0
Ilocos Region2.84.53.2
Cagayan Valley3.26.13.7
Central Luzon2.84.13.3
Calabarzon2.73.13.4
Mimaropa3.75.84.5
Bicol4.14.04.6
Western Visayas3.84.24.2
Central Visayas3.23.93.6
Eastern Visayas3.55.94.0
Zamboanga Peninsula3.56.44.5
Northern Mindanao3.55.74.3
Davao2.95.03.9
Soccsksargen3.23.84.2
Caraga3.66.64.4
ARMM4.24.75.5

Ethnic groups and modern immigrants in the Philippines

Ethnographic map of the Philippines, 1890

Main article: Ethnic groups in the Philippines, Immigration to the Philippines, Genetic and anthropology studies on Filipinos

The majority of the people in the Philippines are related to Austronesian peoples. According to the CIA Factbook, the largest ethnic groups as of 2020 are the Tagalogs (26%), the Bisaya people (14.3%), the Ilocano people (8%), the Bicolano people (6.5%), the Waray people (3.8%), the Kapampangan people (3.0%), the Pangasinan people (1.9%), and the Maguindanao people (1.9%), among other local ethnicities (18.5%). The indigenous peoples of the Philippines form a minority of the population. Other large ethnic groups include Filipinos of Japanese, Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American descent. There are more than 175 ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines, each with their own, identity, literature, tradition, music, dances, foods, beliefs, and history, but which form part of the tapestry of Filipino culture. The latest censuses did not take account of ethnicity, and the only census that included questions on ethnicity is of the 2000 census.

Nevertheless, a 2019 Anthropology Study by Matthew Go, published in the Journal of Human Biology, using physical anthropology, estimated that, 72.7% of Filipinos are Asian, 12.7% of Filipinos can be classified as Hispanic (Latin-American Mestizos or Austronesian-Spanish Mestizos), 7.3% as Indigenous American, African at 4.5% and European at 2.7%.An Inter-University Study published in the Journal of Forensic Anthropology concluded that the bodies curated by the University of the Philippines, representing the country, showed the percentage of the population that's phenotypically classified as Hispanic is 12.7%, while that of Indigenous American is 7.3%. Thus totaling to 20% of the sample representative of the Philippines, are Latino in physical appearance. However, this is only according to an interpretation of the data wherein the reference groups, which were cross checked to the Filipino samples; for the Hispanic category, were Mexican-Americans, and the reference groups for the: European, African, and Indigenous American, categories, were: White Americans, Black Americans, and Native Americans from the USA, while the Asian reference groups were sourced from Chinese, Japanese, and Vietnamese origins.

In contrast, a different anthropology study using Morphoscopic ancestry estimates in Filipino crania using multivariate probit regression models by J. T. Hefner, while analyzing Historic and Modern samples of Philippine skeletons, paint a different picture, in that, when the reference group for "Asian" was Thailand (Southeast Asians) rather than Chinese, Japanese, and Vietnamese; and the reference group for "Hispanic" was Colombians (South Americans) rather than Mexicans, the historical and modern sample results for Filipinos, yielded the following ratios: Asian at 48.6%, African at 32.9%, and only a small portion classifying as either European at 12.9%, and finally for Hispanic at 5.7%.

The total number of immigrants and expats in Philippines as of the 2010 census is 177,365. By country:

  • United States of America: 29,972
  • China: 28,705
  • Japan: 11,584
  • India: 9,007
  • Korea, South: 5,822
  • Korea, North: 4,846
  • Canada: 4,700
  • United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: 3,474
  • Australia: 3,360
  • Germany: 3,184
  • Indonesia: 2,781
  • Taiwan: 1,538
  • Italy: 1,460
  • Afghanistan: 1,019
  • France: 1,014
  • Spain: 1,009
  • Switzerland 872
  • Turkey: 739
  • Singapore: 691
  • South Africa: 681
  • Malaysia: 673
  • Saudi Arabia: 621
  • Norway: 550
  • Israel: 514
  • Sweden: 513
  • Iran: 498
  • Tunisia: 479
  • Belgium: 445
  • Congo: 444
  • Austria: 424
  • Pakistan: 421
  • Netherlands: 407
  • Algeria: 389
  • Ecuador: 387
  • Denmark: 374
  • United Arab Emirates: 368
  • Ireland: 362
  • Myanmar: 355
  • Vietnam: 351
  • Oman: 342
  • New Zealand: 325
  • Thailand: 286
  • Hungary: 206
  • Nigeria: 162
  • Jordan: 150
  • Sri Lanka: 146
  • Kuwait: 144
  • Egypt: 135
  • Brazil: 134
  • Bangladesh: 133
  • Greece: 129
  • Portugal: 127
  • Argentina: 125
  • Mexico: 123
  • Russia: 120
  • East Timor: 119
  • Armenia: 115
  • Lebanon: 110
  • Cape Verde: 109
  • Colombia: 106
  • Suriname: 106
  • Qatar: 102
  • Others: 1,617

Languages

Main article: Languages of the Philippines, Philippine languages

According to the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, there are 135 ethnic languages in the Philippine archipelago, each spoken by the respective ethno-linguistic group, except for the national Filipino language which is spoken by all 134 ethno-linguistic groups in the country. Most of the languages have several varieties (dialects), totaling over 300 across the archipelago. In the 1930s, the government promoted the use of the Tagalog language as the national language, and called the new Tagalog-based language as the national Filipino language, becoming the 135th ethnic language of the country. Visayan languages (Cebuano, Waray, Hiligaynon, etc.) are widely spoken throughout the Visayas and in most parts of Mindanao. Ilokano is the lingua franca of Northern Luzon excluding Pangasinan. Zamboangueño Chavacano is the official language of Zamboanga City and lingua franca of Basilan.

Filipino and English are the official languages of the country for purposes of communication and instruction. Consequently, English is widely spoken and understood, although fluency has decreased as the prevalence of Tagalog in primary and secondary educational institutions has increased.

Religion

Main article: Religion in the Philippines

The Philippine Statistics Authority in October 2015 reported that % of the total Filipino population were Roman Catholics, 10.8% were Protestant and % were Islamic. Although the 2012 International Religious Freedom (IRF) reports that an estimate by the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos (NCMF) in 2011 stated that there were then 10.3 million Muslims, or about 10 percent of the total population however this is yet to be proven officially. In 2000, according to the "World Values Survey", 1.8% were Protestant Christians and 10.9% were then irreligious.{{Cite web |script-title=ja:世界各国の宗教|url=http://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/~honkawa/9460.html|access-date=2023-02-06|website=www2.ttcn.ne.jp|archive-date=June 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605094510/http://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/~honkawa/9460.html |url-status=live}} Other Christian denominations include the Iglesia ni Cristo (one of a number of separate Churches of Christ generally not affiliated with one another), Aglipayan Church, Members Church of God International, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Minority religions include Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism. Roman Catholics and Protestants were converted during the four centuries of Western influence by Spain, and the United States. Under Spanish rule, much of the population was converted to Christianity.

Orthodox Christianity also has a presence in the Philippines. The Orthodoxy was brought over by Russian and Greek immigrants to the Philippines. Protestant Christianity arrived in the Philippines during the 20th century, introduced by American missionaries.

Other religions include Judaism, Mahayana Buddhism, often mixed with Taoist beliefs, Hinduism, Sikhism, and Indigenous Philippine folk religions.

AffiliationNumberRoman Catholic, including Catholic CharismaticIslamEvangelicals (PCEC)Iglesia ni CristoNon-Roman Catholic and Protestant (NCCP)AglipayanSeventh-day AdventistBible Baptist ChurchUnited Church of Christ in the PhilippinesJehovah's WitnessesOther ProtestantsChurch of ChristJesus Is Lord Church WorldwideTribal ReligionsUnited Pentecostal Church (Philippines) Inc.Other BaptistsPhilippine Independent Catholic ChurchUnión Espiritista Cristiana de Filipinas, Inc.Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day SaintsAssociation of Fundamental Baptist Churches in the PhilippinesEvangelical Christian Outreach FoundationNoneConvention of the Philippine Baptist ChurchCrusaders of the Divine Church of Christ Inc.BuddhistLutheran Church of the PhilippinesIglesia sa Dios Espiritu Santo Inc.Philippine Benevolent Missionaries AssociationFaith Tabernacle Church (Living Rock Ministries)OthersTotal92,097,978
{{bartablebackground-color:#000040}}74,211,896
{{bartablebackground-color:#404070}}5,127,084
{{bartablebackground-color:#9494AF}}2,469,957
{{bartablebackground-color:#AFAFC3}}2,251,941
{{bartablebackground-color:#C3C3D2}}1,071,686
{{bartablebackground-color:#D2D2DE}}916,639
{{bartablebackground-color:#DEDEE6}}681,216
{{bartablebackground-color:#E6E6EC}}480,409
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}449,028
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}410,957
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}287,734
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}258,176
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}207,246
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}177,147
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}169,956
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}154,686
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}138,364
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}137,885
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}133,814
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}106,509
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}96,102
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}73,248
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}65,008
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}53,146
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}46,558
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}46,558
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}45,000
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}42,796
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}36,230
{{bartablebackground-color:#ECECF1}}299,399
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

Education

Main article: Education in the Philippines, Higher education in the Philippines

Education in the Philippines has been influenced by foreign models, particularly the United States, and Spain. Philippine students enter public school at about age four, starting from nursery school up to kindergarten. At about seven years of age, students enter elementary school (6 to 7 years). This is followed by junior high school (4 years) and senior high school (2 years). Students then take the college entrance examinations (CEE), after which they enter university (3 to 5 years). Other types of schools include private school, preparatory school, international school, laboratory high school, and science high school. School year in the Philippines starts from June, and ends in March with a two-month summer break from April to May, one week of semestral break in October, and a week or two during Christmas and New Year holidays.

Starting in SY 2011–2012 there has been a phased implementation of a new program. The K to 12 Program covers kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of junior high school, and two years of senior high school [SHS]).

Publications

  • 1903 Census of the Philippine Islands, Volumes 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

References

Notes

References

  1. "2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH) Population Counts Declared Official by the President". Philippine Statistics Authority.
  2. (July 17, 2025). "2024 Census of Population (POPCEN) Counts Declared Official by the President". [[Philippine Statistics Authority]].
  3. "Registered live births 2021".
  4. "Archived copy".
  5. "Philippines' fertility rate drops in 2022 —PopCom".
  6. "Constitution of the Philippines: Article XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library.
  7. "History of the NSO Census of Population and Housing".
  8. (February 2001). "A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania". The American Journal of Human Genetics.
  9. "Why the Philippines is America's Forgotten Colony".
  10. [https://mb.com.ph/2025/07/05/us-ph-alliance-stronger-than-everenvoy US-PH alliance 'stronger than ever'—envoy By Raymund Antonio (Manila Bulletin)]"Beyond the economic and defense partnership, the US and Philippines maintain "meaningful people-to-people ties," which Carlson described is "the foundation of everything we do together." Some four million Filipinos and Filipino-Americans call the United States their home, while more than 750,000 US citizens are currently living in the Philippines, she noted."
  11. Beech, Hannah. (2001-04-16). "The Forgotten Angels". Time Inc..
  12. "The Cultural Influences of India, China, Arabia, and Japan | Philippine Almanac".
  13. The Unlucky Country: The Republic of the Philippines in the 21st Century By Duncan Alexander McKenzie (page xii)
  14. [https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2011PY_Demography.pdf Demography Philippine Yearbook 2011] {{Webarchive. link. (October 24, 2021 Page 3)
  15. Bao Jiemin. (2005). "Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures around the World, Volume 1". Springer.
  16. Stephanie Mawson, 'Between Loyalty and Disobedience: The Limits of Spanish Domination in the Seventeenth Century Pacific' (Univ. of Sydney M.Phil. thesis, 2014), appendix 3.
  17. "Japanese Christian". Google map of Paco district of Manila, Philippines.
  18. "Spanish Settlers in the Philippines (1571–1599) By Antonio Garcia-Abasalo".
  19. link. (April 29, 2022 "Slaves purchased by the indigenous elites, Spanish and Hokkiens of the colony seemed drawn most often from South Asia, particularly Bengal and South India, and less so, from other sources, such as East Africa, Brunei, Makassar, and Java..." Chapter 2 "Rural Ethnic Diversity" Page 164 (Translated from: "Inmaculada Alva Rodríguez, Vida municipal en Manila (siglos xvi-xvii) (Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba, 1997), 31, 35-36.")
  20. [https://academic.oup.com/past/article/232/1/87/1752419 Convicts or Conquistadores? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth-Century Pacific By Stephanie J. Mawson] AGI, México, leg. 25, núm. 62; AGI, Filipinas, leg. 8, ramo 3, núm. 50; leg. 10, ramo 1, núm. 6; leg. 22, ramo 1, núm. 1, fos. 408 r –428 v; núm. 21; leg. 32, núm. 30; leg. 285, núm. 1, fos. 30 r –41 v .
  21. Jagor, Fedor. (2007). "The Former Philippines Through Foreign Eyes". Echo Library.
  22. "Intercolonial Intimacies Relinking Latin/o America to the Philippines, 1898–1964 Paula C. Park" Page 100
  23. Garcia, María Fernanda. (1998). "Forzados y reclutas: los criollos novohispanos en Asia (1756-1808)". Bolotin Archivo General de la Nación.
  24. [https://books.google.com/books?id=67xO2hUwzasC&dq=Friar+Manuel+Buzeta+1,502,574&pg=PR12 "The Unlucky Country The Republic of the Philippines in the 21st Century" By Duncan Alexander McKenzie (2012)(page xii)]
  25. "Estadismo de Las Islas Filipinas Tomo Primero By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)".
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