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Demographics of Canada

None

Demographics of Canada
Summary

None

FieldValue
placeCanada
imageFile:Canada 2023 Population Pyramid.svg
image_size300
captionPopulation pyramid of Canada in 2023
size_of_population41,465,298 (2024 Q4 est.)
density4.43 /km2 (2022)
growth0.66% (2025 est.)
birth9.94 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
death8.12 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
life83.8 years
life_male81.52 years
life_female86.21 years (2022 est.)
fertility1.25 children born/woman (2024 est.)
infant_mortality4.38 deaths/1,000 live births
net_migration5.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
age_0–14_years15.99%
age_65_years18.98%
total_mf_ratio0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
sr_at_birth1.05 male(s)/female
sr_under_151.06 male(s)/female
sr_65_years_over0.75 male(s)/female
nationCanadian
major_ethnicWhites ()
minor_ethnicSouth Asians ()
Indigenous ()
Chinese ()
Blacks ()
Filipinos ()
Arabs ()
Latin Americans ()
Southeast Asians ()
West Asians ()
Koreans ()
Japanese ()
Multiracial/Others, excluding Métis ()
officialEnglish (55.97%)
French (20.61%)
spokenMandarin (1.7%)
Cantonese (1.63%)
Punjabi (1.44%)
Spanish (1.32%)
Tagalog (1.24%)
Arabic (1.21%)
German (1.1%)
Italian (1.08%)
Others (12.7%) 1% per most recent census data --
footnoteLanguage figures are from the 2016 Canadian census and based on total number of first language speakers (mother tongue), and not total number of individuals who may speak the language as a second (L2), third (L3), or more language. See knowledge of languages for this information.

| age_18–44_years = | age_45-64_years = | age_0–14_years = 15.99% | age_15–64_years = | sr_15–64_years =

Indigenous () Chinese () Blacks () Filipinos () Arabs () Latin Americans () Southeast Asians () West Asians () Koreans () Japanese () Multiracial/Others, excluding Métis () French (20.61%) Cantonese (1.63%) Punjabi (1.44%) Spanish (1.32%) Tagalog (1.24%) Arabic (1.21%) German (1.1%) Italian (1.08%) Others (12.7%) 1% per most recent census data --

Statistics Canada conducts a country-wide census that collects demographic data every five years on the first and sixth year of each decade. The 2021 Canadian census enumerated a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure. It is estimated that Canada's population surpassed 40 million in 2023 and 41 million in 2024. The main driver of population growth is immigration, with 6.2% of the country's population being made up of temporary residents as of 2023, or about 2.5 million people.

Canada has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world, driven mainly by economic policy and, to a lesser extent, family reunification. In 2024-2025, a total of 435,421 immigrants were admitted to Canada. New immigrants to Canada settle mostly in major urban areas such as Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Canada also accepts large numbers of refugees, accounting for over 10 percent of annual global refugee resettlements.

History

Main article: History of Canada

Population

Population density of Canadian provinces and territories

]] Main article: Population of Canada

The 2021 Canadian census had a total population count of 36,991,981 individuals, making up approximately 0.5% of the world's total population. A population estimate for 2024 put the total number of people in Canada at 41,012,563.

Provinces and territories

Main article: Population of Canada by province and territory, List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada

The vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia.

Fertility rate

The total fertility rate is the number of children born in a specific year cohort to the total number of women who can give birth in the country.

In 1971, the birth rate for the first time dipped below replacement and since then has not rebounded.

Canada's fertility rate hit a record low of 1.25 children born per woman in 2024, maintaining its second year in a row with 'ultra-low fertility' (

Total fertility rateYears186118621863186418651866186718681869187018711872187318741875187618771878187918801881188218831884188518861887188818991890189118921893189418951896189718981899190019011902190319041905190619071908190919101911191219131914191519161917191819191920192119221923192419251926192719281929193019311932193319341935193619371938193919401941194219431944194519461947194819491950196119711981199120012006201120162021-
5.725.635.545.445.355.265.175.074.984.89
4.834.774.754.724.74.684.654.634.64.53
4.564.524.494.454.424.384.354.314.274.24
4.24.194.174.154.134.114.14.084.064.04
4.024.034.034.034.034.044.044.044.044.05
4.0543.953.893.843.793.743.683.633.58
3.533.43.233.223.133.353.323.293.223.28
3.193.082.862.82.752.692.642.72.652.76
2.822.963.0433.013.373.593.443.453.45
3.812.111.651.671.521.61.631.581.46–

Total fertility rates by provinces and territories

Province/TerritoryTFR
Nunavut2.34
Saskatchewan1.58
Manitoba1.50
Alberta1.41
Northwest Territories1.39
Quebec1.34
New Brunswick1.26
Canada1.25
Ontario1.21
Newfoundland and Labrador1.12
Prince Edward Island1.10
Nova Scotia1.08
Yukon1.08
British Columbia1.02

Mother's mean age at first birth

Canada is among late-childbearing countries, with the average age of mothers at the first birth being 31.3 years in 2020.

Average age of childbirth at first birthYear1945194619471948194919501951195219531954195519561957195819591960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011
25.225.124.924.724.624.524.324.224.224.124.1
2423.923.823.723.723.623.623.623.623.523.5
23.623.623.723.723.92424.124.324.324.424.5
24.724.824.92525.125.325.425.525.625.725.8
25.825.925.926.126.326.226.326.526.726.827
27.127.327.527.827.9282828.128.128.228.4
28.5

Historical population

|1871|3689257 |1881|4324810 |1891|4833239 |1901|5371315 |1911|7206643 |1921|8787949 |1931|10374196 |1941|11506655 |1951|14009429 |1956|16080791 |1961|18238247 |1971|21568311 |1976|22992604 |1981|24343181 |1986|25309331 |1991|27296859 |1996|28846761 |2001|30007094 |2006|31612897 |2011|33476688 |2016|35151728 |2021|36991981

Population projection

population decline}}

According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/World Bank, the population of Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 by 5.6 million, a 20.4% growth in population, compared to 21.7% growth in the United States, 31.2% growth in Mexico, 8% in France and 27% or 1,423 million people globally. From 1991 to 2011, the population of the UK increased by 10%.

The population growth rate for Canada in 2022 was 0.75%. |2021|39110000 |2031|44430000 |2041|49900000 |2051|56070000 |2061|63000000

Life expectancy

Life expectancy in Canada has consistently risen since the country's formation.

[[Life expectancy]] in Canada since 1831
Life expectancy in Canada since 1960 by gender
Life expectancyYear
18311841
39.040.3
19211922
57.057.0
19301931
58.960.3
19401941
64.063.7
19501950–55
68.269.1
1990–951995–2000
77.878.6

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) :total: 16 years :male: 16 years :female: 17 years (2016) Infant mortality rate :total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births. Country comparison to the world: 180th :male: 4.8 deaths/1,000 live births :female: 4.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

Population pyramid of Canada over time from 1950 to 2020

Age characteristics

Main article: Aging in Canada

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 10.V.2016) (To ensure confidentiality, the values, including totals are randomly rounded either up or down to a multiple of '5' or '10.' As a result, when these data are summed or grouped, the total value may not match the individual values since totals and sub-totals are independently rounded. Similarly, percentages, which are calculated on rounded data, may not necessarily add up to 100%.):

Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
Total17 264 20017 887 53035 151 730100
0–4973 030925 7601 898 7905.40
5–91 034 685983 4452 018 1305.74
10–14985 200937 4451 922 6455.47
15–191 039 215986 9402 026 1605.76
20–241 144 4951 098 2002 242 6956.38
25–291 144 4751 141 5152 285 9906.50
30–341 148 2901 181 1052 329 4006.63
35–391 118 6351 169 7302 288 3656.51
40–441 104 4451 150 6902 255 1356.42
45–491 157 7551 202 2052 359 9656.71
50–541 318 7551 359 3202 678 0707.62
55–591 285 1901 335 0502 620 2407.45
60–641 114 8801 175 6302 290 5106.52
65–69953 0701 019 4051 972 4755.61
70–74677 975742 9001 420 8754.04
75–79469 550552 3051 021 8502.91
80–84325 760423 885749 6452.13
85–89185 535296 985482 5251.37
90–9468 675154 835223 5050.64
95–9913 24543 28056 5250.16
100+1 3406 8958 2300.02
0–142 992 9152 846 6505 839 56516.61
15–6411 576 13511 800 39023 376 52566.50
65+2 695 1503 240 4905 935 64016.89

Age structure :0–14 years: 15.99% (male 3,094,008/female 2,931,953) :15–24 years: 11.14% (male 2,167,013/female 2,032,064) :25–54 years: 39.81% (male 7,527,554/female 7,478,737) :55–64 years: 14.08% (male 2,624,474/female 2,682,858) :65 years and over: 18.98% (male 3,274,298/female 3,881,126) (2020 est.) Median age :total: 41.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 40th :male: 40.6 years :female: 42.9 years (2020 est.) :Median age in 2011 :total: 40.6 years :male: 39.6 years :female: 41.5 years (2011) : :Median age by province and territory in 2011 :# Newfoundland and Labrador: 44.0 :# Nova Scotia: 43.7 :# New Brunswick: 43.7 :# Prince Edward Island: 42.8 :# Quebec: 41.9 :# British Columbia: 41.9 :# Ontario: 40.4 :# Yukon: 39.1 :# Manitoba: 38.4 :# Saskatchewan: 38.2 :# Alberta: 36.5 :# Northwest Territories: 32.3 :# Nunavut: 24.1

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0–14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

15–24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

25–54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

55–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female

total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est).

Dependency ratios :total dependency ratio: 47.3 :youth dependency ratio: 23.5 :elderly dependency ratio: 23.8 :potential support ratio: 4.2 (2015 est.)

Vital statistics

Source:

Notable events in Canadian demographics:

  • 1947-1966 – Mid-20th century baby boom
Average population (July 1)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeBirth rate (per 1,000)Death rate (per 1,000)Natural change (per 1,000)Crude Migration change (per 1,000)Total fertility rate
19005,500,000150,00089,00061,00027.216.211.0
19015,600,000175,00079,00096,00031.214.117.10.8
19025,760,000180,00077,000103,00031.313.417.99.9
19035,930,000186,00078,000108,00031.313.218.110.6
19046,100,000192,00082,000110,00031.413.517.910.0
19056,280,000195,00082,000113,00031.013.018.010.7
19066,460,000193,00085,000108,00029.913.216.711.2
19076,650,000196,00085,000111,00029.512.816.711.9
19086,850,000208,00086,000122,00030.312.617.711.5
19097,040,000213,00090,000123,00030.212.817.49.6
19107,250,000220,00095,000125,00030.413.117.311.7
19117,460,000225,000100,000125,00030.113.416.711.5
19127,610,000238,00099,000139,00031.313.019.30.4
19137,760,000246,000102,000144,00031.713.119.6−0.3
19147,910,000252,000100,000152,00031.912.619.3−0.3
19158,060,000257,000101,000156,00031.912.519.4−0.8
19168,220,000252,000107,000145,00030.713.017.71.8
19178,380,000244,000106,000138,00029.112.716.42.7
19188,450,000243,000134,000109,00028.815.912.9−4.6
19198,710,000241,000119,000122,00027.713.714.015.9
19208,880,000259,000118,000141,00029.213.315.93.2
19219,060,000265,000105,000160,00029.311.617.72.2
19229,230,000261,000107,000154,00028.311.616.71.7
19239,400,000251,000111,000140,00026.711.814.93.2
19249,560,000255,000104,000151,00026.710.915.80.9
19259,730,000254,000104,000150,00026.110.715.42.1
19269,890,000244,000113,000131,00024.711.413.32.9
192710,040,000244,000110,000134,00024.311.013.31.6
192810,190,000246,000114,000132,00024.111.212.91.8
192910,350,000243,000118,000125,00023.511.412.13.4
193010,498,000251,000113,000138,00023.910.813.11.0
193110,630,000247,000108,000139,00023.210.213.0−0.6
193210,794,000243,000108,000135,00022.510.012.52.7
193310,919,000229,000106,000123,00021.09.711.30.1
193411,029,000228,296105,277123,01920.79.511.2−1.2
193511,135,000228,396109,724118,67220.59.910.6−1.1
193611,242,000227,980111,111116,86920.39.910.4−0.9
193711,339,000227,878118,019109,85920.110.49.7−1.1
193811,448,000237,091110,647126,44420.79.711.0−1.5
193911,565,000237,991112,729125,26220.69.710.9−0.8
194011,682,000252,577114,717137,86021.69.811.8−1.8
194111,810,000263,993118,797145,19622.410.112.3−1.5
194211,962,000281,569117,110164,45923.59.813.7−1.0
194312,125,000292,943122,640170,30324.210.114.1−0.7
194412,291,000283,967120,393163,57424.09.814.2−0.7
194512,441,000300,570117,319183,25124.39.514.8−2.7
194612,316,000331,471115,358216,11326.99.417.5−27.6
194712,576,000359,943118,157241,78628.69.419.21.5
194812,852,000348,226119,866228,36027.19.317.83.7
194913,475,000367,092124,567242,52527.29.218.028.2
195013,737,000372,009124,220247,78927.19.018.01.1
195114,050,000381,092125,823255,26927.19.018.24.1
195214,496,000403,559126,385277,17427.88.719.111.7
195314,886,000417,884127,791290,09328.18.619.56.7
195415,330,000436,198124,855311,34328.58.120.38.7
195515,736,000442,937128,476314,46128.18.220.05.8
195616,123,000450,739131,961318,77828.08.219.84.2
195716,677,000469,093136,579332,51428.18.219.913.3
195817,120,000470,118135,201334,91727.57.919.66.3
195917,522,000479,275139,913339,36227.48.019.43.5
196017,909,000478,551139,693338,85826.77.818.92.7
196118,271,000475,700140,985334,71526.07.718.31.5
196218,614,000469,693143,699325,99425.27.717.50.9
196318,964,000465,767147,367318,40024.67.816.81.7
196419,325,000452,915145,850307,06523.47.515.92.8
196519,678,000418,595148,939269,65621.37.613.74.2
196620,048,000387,710149,863237,84719.37.511.96.6
196720,412,000370,894150,283220,61118.27.410.87.0
196820,729,000364,310153,196211,11417.67.410.25.1
196921,028,000369,647154,477215,17017.67.310.24.0
197021,324,000371,988155,961216,02717.47.310.13.8
197121,962,032362,187157,272204,91516.57.29.319.8
197222,218,463347,319162,413184,90615.67.38.33.2
197322,491,777343,373164,039179,33415.37.38.04.2
197422,807,969350,650166,794183,85615.47.38.15.8
197523,143,275359,323167,176192,14715.57.28.36.2
197623,449,808359,987167,009192,97815.47.18.24.9
197723,725,843361,400167,498193,90215.27.18.23.4
197823,963,203358,852168,179190,67315.07.08.01.9
197924,201,544366,064168,183197,88115.16.98.21.6
198024,515,667370,709171,473199,23615.17.08.14.7
198124,819,915371,346171,029200,31715.06.98.14.2
198225,116,942373,082174,413198,66914.96.97.93.9
198325,366,451373,689174,484199,20514.76.97.91.9
198425,607,053377,031175,727201,30414.76.97.91.5
198525,842,116375,727181,323194,40414.57.07.51.6
198626,100,278372,913184,224188,68914.37.17.22.7
198726,446,601369,742184,953184,78914.07.07.06.1
198826,791,747376,795190,011186,78414.17.17.05.9
198927,276,781392,661190,965201,69614.47.07.410.4
199027,691,138405,486191,973213,51314.66.97.77.3
199128,037,420403,816195,569208,24714.47.07.45.0
199228,371,264399,109196,535202,57414.16.97.14.7
199328,684,764389,037204,912184,12513.57.16.44.5
199429,000,663386,243207,077179,16613.37.16.14.8
199529,302,311378,685210,733167,95212.97.25.74.6
199629,610,218366,833212,880153,95312.47.25.25.2
199729,905,948349,543215,669133,87411.77.24.45.5
199830,155,173342,966218,091124,87511.47.24.14.2
199930,401,286337,821219,530118,29111.17.23.94.2
200030,685,730328,596218,062110,53410.77.13.65.7
200131,020,902334,615219,538115,07710.87.13.77.1
200231,360,079329,894223,603106,29110.57.13.47.4
200331,644,028336,352226,169110,18310.67.13.45.6
200431,940,655339,012226,584112,42810.67.13.55.8
200532,243,753345,365230,132115,23310.67.13.55.9
200632,571,174357,921228,079129,84210.97.03.96.2
200732,888,886370,369235,217135,15211.27.24.05.7
200833,247,298381,860238,617143,24311.47.24.26.6
200933,630,069384,651238,418146,23311.37.14.27.2
201034,005,905379,191240,075139,11611.17.14.07.1
201134,339,221379,244243,511135,73311.07.13.95.9
201234,713,395383,101246,596136,50511.07.13.97.0
201335,080,992381,054252,338128,71610.87.23.67.0
201435,434,066384,577258,821125,75610.87.33.56.5
201535,704,498382,979264,333118,64610.77.43.34.1
201636,110,803384,023267,213116,81010.67.43.28.1
201736,545,075377,627278,29899,32910.37.62.79.2
201837,072,620374,617285,67588,94210.17.72.412.0
201937,618,495372,978285,27087,7089.97.62.312.4
202038,006,941361,582307,20554,3779.48.11.39.4
202138,140,918372,564311,94260,6229.58.01.54.2
202238,693,009355,134326,48328,6519.18.40.617.6
202339,727,297352,644337,70814,9368.88.40.429.0
202440,990,297365,737345,82918,7578.98.40.528.4
202541,604,555

In 2024, more than two in five newborns (42.3%) in Canada had a foreign-born mother (i.e., a mother who was born outside Canada).

Current vital statistics

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increaseJanuary–September 2024January–September 2025Difference
275,906244,120+31,786
281,202249,215+31,987
+5,296 (+1.91%)+5,095 (+2.09%)+201
Source:

Note: all numbers in this table are provisional. While data for at least two years ago may be final, newer data for recent days are subject to change in the future. For example, as of September 25, 2024, the numbers are final up to December 2021, updated from January 2022 to March 2024 and preliminary from April 2024.

Employment

Age GroupPercent Unemployed
Youth (15–24)14.2%
Core-age (25–54)5.8%
55+5.4%
Total (15+)6.9%

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24 (2020 est.) :total: 20.2% :male: 20.9% :female: 19.4%

Ethnicity and visible minorities

Main article: Ethnic origins of people in Canada

Canadians as ethnic group by province

All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by Canada's nationality laws. "Canadian" as an ethnic group has since 1996 been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestral origin or descent. "Canadian" was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire. The majority of respondents to this selection are from the eastern part of the country that was first settled. Respondents generally are visibly European (Anglophones and Francophones) and no longer self-identify directly with their ethnic ancestral origins. This response is attributed to a multitude of reasons such as generational distance from ancestral lineage, intermarriage with variety of ethnic groups, and loss of ancestral language.

Province / TerritoryPercent CanadiansTotal CanadiansCanada total32.3%11,136,134
Alberta22.7%902,310
British Columbia19.0%866,530
Manitoba18.2%232,660
New Brunswick57.8%415,810
Newfoundland and Labrador43.4%271,345
Nova Scotia42.6%387,360
Ontario23.5%3,109,770
Prince Edward Island45.0%60,000
Quebec60.1%4,474,115
Saskatchewan25.0%274,580

Ethnic origin

Main article: Ethnic origins of people in Canada

Canada visible minority, aboriginal and Caucasian (assumed for 1981 to 2016) population as a percentage of the total population over time
Visible minorities over time including projections
Population distribution of largest pan-ethnic group in Canada by census division, 2021 Census
Visible minorities as a population pyramid in total in 2016

According to the 2021 Canadian census, over 450 "ethnic or cultural origins" were self-reported by Canadians. The major panethnic groups chosen were; European (), North American (), Asian (), North American Indigenous (), African (), Latin, Central and South American (), Caribbean (), Oceanian (), and Other (). Statistics Canada reports that 35.5% of the population reported multiple ethnic origins, thus the overall total is greater than 100%.

The country's ten largest self-reported specific ethnic or cultural origins in 2021 were Canadian (accounting for 15.6 percent of the population), followed by English (14.7 percent), Irish (12.1 percent), Scottish (12.1 percent), French (11.0 percent), German (8.1 percent), Indian (5.1 percent), Chinese (4.7 percent), Italian (4.3 percent), and Ukrainian (3.5 percent).

Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021 approximately 25.4 million reported being "White", representing 69.8 percent of the population. The Indigenous population representing 5 percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4 percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3 percent from 2016 to 2021. One out of every four Canadians or 26.5 percent of the population belonged to a non-White and non-Indigenous visible minority, the largest of which in 2021 were South Asian (2.6 million people; 7.1 percent), Chinese (1.7 million; 4.7 percent) and Black (1.5 million; 4.3 percent).

As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethno-cultural ancestries but rather how Canadians self-identify.

Data from this section from Statistics Canada, 2021.

Ethnic origin%PopulationCanadianEnglishIrishScottishFrenchGermanIndianChineseItalianUkrainianDutchPolishQuébécoisBritish Isles, n.o.s.FilipinoFrench CanadianCaucasian (White), n.o.s.First Nations, n.o.s.MétisEuropean, n.o.s.
15.6%5,677,205
14.7%5,322,830
12.1%4,413,120
12.1%4,392,200
11.0%3,985,945
8.1%2,955,695
5.1%1,855,415
4.7%1,713,870
4.3%1,546,390
3.5%1,258,635
2.7%988,585
2.7%982,820
2.7%981,635
2.6%981,635
2.5%925,490
2.5%906,315
1.9%691,260
1.7%632,340
1.5%560,335
1.5%551,910

The most common ethnic origins per province are as follows in 2006 (total responses; only percentages 10% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of "Canadian"):

  • Quebec (7,723,525): Canadian (59.1%), French (29.1%)
  • New Brunswick (735,835): Canadian (50.3%), French (27.2%), English (25.9%), Irish (21.6%), Scottish (19.9%)
  • Newfoundland and Labrador (507,265): Canadian (49.0%), English (43.4%), Irish (21.8%)
  • Nova Scotia (906,170): Canadian (39.1%), Scottish (31.2%), English (30.8%), Irish (22.3%), French (17.0%), German (10.8%)
  • Prince Edward Island (137,375): Scottish (39.3%), Canadian (36.8%), English (31.1%), Irish (30.4%), French (21.1%)
  • Ontario (12,651,795): Canadian (23.3%), English (23.1%), Scottish (16.4%), Irish (16.4%), French (10.8%)
  • Alberta (3,567,980): English (24.9%), Canadian (21.8%), German (19.2%), Scottish (18.8%), Irish (15.8%), French (11.1%)
  • Manitoba (1,174,345): English (21.8%), German (18.6%), Canadian (18.5%), Scottish (18.0%), Ukrainian (14.9%), Irish (13.2%), French (12.6%), North American Indian (10.6%)
  • Saskatchewan (1,008,760): German (28.6%), English (24.9%), Scottish (18.9%), Canadian (18.8%), Irish (15.5%), Ukrainian (13.5%), French (12.2%), North American Indian (12.1%)
  • British Columbia (4,324,455): English (27.7%), Scottish (19.3%), Canadian (19.1%), German (13.1%), Chinese (10.7%)
  • Yukon (33,320): English (28.5%), Scottish (25.0%), Irish (22.0%), North American Indian (21.8%), Canadian (21.8%), German (15.6%), French (13.1%)
  • Northwest Territories (40,800): North American Indian (37.0%), Scottish (13.9%), English (13.7%), Canadian (12.8%), Irish (11.9%), Inuit (11.7%)
  • Nunavut (31,700): Inuit (85.4%)

Italics indicates either that this response is dominant within this province, or that this province has the highest ratio (percentage) of this response among provinces.

Visible minority population

Main article: Visible minority

Group1981 census
1986 census
1991 census
1996 censusTotal%Total%Total%Total%Visible minorityalign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centerNot a visible minorityalign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centerTotal population in
private householdsalign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=center
South Asian
Chinese (East Asian)
Black
Filipino
Latin American
Arab/West Asian
Southeast Asian
(except Filipino)
Korean (East Asian)
Japanese (East Asian)
Multiple visible minorities
Visible minority, n.i.e.
Other
Indigenous
(see breakdown below)
Non-Indigenous &
Non-Visible Minority
(European/White)

Note: Indigenous population decline between 1991 and 1996 censuses attributed to change in criteria in census count; "the 1996 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples used a more restrictive definition of Aboriginal".

Group2001 census2006 census2011 survey2016 census2021 censusTotal%Total%Total%Total%Total%Visible minorityalign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centerNot a visible minorityalign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centerTotal population in
private householdsalign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=centeralign=center
South Asian
Chinese (East Asian)
Black
Filipino
Arab
Latin American
Southeast Asian
(except Filipino)
West Asian
Korean (East Asian)
Japanese (East Asian)
Multiple visible minorities
Visible minority, n.i.e.
Indigenous
(see breakdown below)
Non-Indigenous &
Non-Visible Minority
(European/White)

Indigenous population

Group199620012006201120162021%Total%Total%Total%Total%Total%Total
Total Indigenous2.8%799,0053.3%976,3053.8%1,172,7854.3%1,400,6854.9%1,673,780****1,807,250
First Nations1.8%529,0402.1%608,8502.2%698,0252.6%851,5602.8%977,2301,048,405
Métis0.7%204,1151.0%292,3051.2%389,7801.4%451,7951.7%587,545624,220
Inuit0.14%40,2200.16%50,4850.2%59,4450.2%65,02570,540

Note: Other Indigenous and mixed Indigenous groups are not listed as their own, but they are all accounted for in total Indigenous

Future projections

Statistics Canada projects that visible minorities will make up between 38.2% and 43.0% of the total Canadian population by 2041, compared with 26.5% in 2021. Among the working-age population (15 to 64 years), meanwhile, visible minorities are projected to represent between 42.1% and 47.3% of Canada's total population, compared to 28.5% in 2021.

thumb = leftcaption = Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2031)European]]value1 = 59.79South Asian]]value2 = 9.82East Asian]]value3 = 7.15Indigenous]]value4 = 5.69African]]value5 = 5.46label6 = Southeast Asianvalue6 = 4.60Middle Eastern]]value7 = 4.13Latin American]]value8 = 1.88label9 = Othervalue9 = 1.48thumb = leftcaption = Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2036)European]]value1 = 56.25South Asian]]value2 = 10.94East Asian]]value3 = 7.53Indigenous]]value4 = 5.84African]]value5 = 6.03label6 = Southeast Asianvalue6 = 5.08Middle Eastern]]value7 = 4.68Latin American]]value8 = 2.03label9 = Othervalue9 = 1.62thumb = leftcaption = Pan−ethnic Origin Projections (2041)European]]value1 = 53.07South Asian]]value2 = 11.87East Asian]]value3 = 7.85Indigenous]]value4 = 5.97African]]value5 = 6.57label6 = Southeast Asianvalue6 = 5.54Middle Eastern]]value7 = 5.19Latin American]]value8 = 2.17label9 = Othervalue9 = 1.76
203120362041Population%Population%Population%
26,085,00025,749,00025,296,000
4,283,0005,010,0005,658,000
3,120,0003,445,0003,740,000
2,591,0002,850,0003,082,000
381,000433,000484,000
148,000162,000174,000
2,381,0002,762,0003,134,000
2,484,0002,673,0002,848,000
1,430,0001,535,0001,633,000
911,000986,0001,054,000
84,00090,00096,000
59,00062,00065,000
2,009,0002,324,0002,640,000
1,524,0001,789,0002,059,000
485,000535,000581,000
1,801,0002,141,0002,475,000
1,182,0001,403,0001,625,000
619,000738,000850,000
821,000931,0001,036,000
644,000742,000841,000
43,629,000****45,776,000****47,668,000****

Languages

Main article: Languages of Canada

Knowledge of language

2021 census The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses, and first appeared on the 1991 Canadian census. The following figures are from the 1991 Canadian census, 2001 Canadian census, 2011 Canadian census, and the 2021 Canadian census.

Language20212011{{Cite weblast=Government of Canadafirst=Statistics Canadadate=2022-08-172001{{Cite weblast=Government of Canadafirst=Statistics Canadadate=20011991Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Non-official%20language&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1access-date=2022-08-24website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/96-326-x/96-326-x2001001-eng.pdfarchive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/96-326-x/96-326-x2001001-eng.pdfarchive-date=2022-10-09url-status=liveaccess-date=2022-08-19website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
English31,628,570last=Government of Canadafirst=Statistics Canadadate=2022-08-17url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&Custom=&TABID=1access-date=2022-08-24website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=55655&PRID=0&PTYPE=55430,53293,55440,55496,71090&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2001&THEME=41&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=title=Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (13) and Sex (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions, Census Subdivisions and Dissemination Areas, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Dataaccess-date=23 August 2022}}22,505,415
French10,563,2359,960,5859,178,1008,508,960
Chinese1,528,8601,297,5051,028,445557,305
Hindustani1,176,295576,165366,740163,930
Spanish1,171,450873,395610,580402,430
Punjabi942,170545,730338,720167,925
Arabic838,045470,965290,280164,380
Tagalog737,565491,075244,690136,975
Italian547,655595,600680,970701,910
German419,195525,480635,520684,955
Portuguese336,865266,950264,990254,465
Persian330,725196,110111,70049,380
Russian309,235230,755157,45584,050
Tamil237,890179,465111,58037,330
Vietnamese232,800192,070165,645113,115
Gujarati209,410118,95080,83554,210
Polish204,460217,735249,695239,575
Korean203,885149,03591,61040,230
Serbo-Croatian155,775154,700153,085100,541
Greek145,060150,620158,800161,320
Haitian Creole134,895128,55576,14049,970
Ukrainian131,655144,260200,520249,535
Bengali120,60569,49034,650N/A
Romanian116,52097,18060,52030,520
Dutch107,985135,085157,875173,290
Cree105,85096,69097,20093,825
Japanese98,07074,69065,03045,370
Hebrew83,20570,69563,67552,450
Turkish78,50044,08032,520N/A
Malayalam77,91022,1259,185N/A
Hungarian64,62573,69589,23097,410
Ilocano61,68021,880N/AN/A
Somali59,00537,115N/AN/A
Swahili57,29531,69025,300N/A
Telugu54,68512,645N/AN/A
Armenian44,50036,23532,90020,515

Mother tongue

2016 Census

First language201620112006Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Notes
Single language responses33,947,61032,481,63530,848,270
Official languages26,627,54525,913,95524,700,425
English19,460,85518,858,98017,882,775
French7,166,7007,054,9756,817,650
Non-official languages7,321,0706,567,6806,147,840
Combined Chinese Responses1,227,680n/an/an/an/aCombined responses of Mandarin, Cantonese, Chinese n.o.s. and Min Nan
Mandarin (Standard Chinese)592,035248,705170,950
Cantonese565,275372,460361,450
Punjabi501,680430,705367,505
Spanish458,850410,670345,345
Tagalog (Filipino)431,385327,445235,615
Arabic419,895327,870261,640
German384,040409,200450,570
Italian375,645407,485455,040
Hindustani321,465263,345224,045Combined responses of Hindi and Urdu
Portuguese221,535211,335219,275
Persian (Farsi)214,200170,045134,080
Urdu210,820172,800145,805
Dravidian languages189,405n/an/an/an/aCombined responses of Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada.
Russian188,255164,330133,580
Polish181,705191,645211,175
Vietnamese156,430144,880141,625
Korean153,425137,925125,570
Tamil140,720131,265115,880Most of the Canadian Tamils live in Toronto.
Hindi110,64590,54578,240
Gujarati108,77591,45081,465
Greek106,520108,925117,285
Ukrainian102,485111,540134,500
Dutch99,015110,490128,900
Romanian96,66090,30078,495
Bengali73,12559,37045,685
Creoles72,13061,72553,515
Cree, n.o.s.64,04577,90078,855In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to simply as 'Cree'.
Hungarian61,23567,92073,335The majority of Hungarian speakers in Canada live in Ontario. A community of Hungarian speakers is found within a part of Windsor, Ontario.
Berber languages (Kabyle)n/an/a57,85525,578
Serbian57,34556,42051,665
Croatian48,20049,73055,330
Japanese43,64039,98540,200
Chinese, n.o.s.38,575425,210456,705
Somali36,76031,38027,320
Inuktitut35,21533,50032,015In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Inuktitut, n.i.e.'.
Armenian33,45529,79530,130
Turkish32,81529,64024,745
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)31,795n/an/an/an/a
Malayalam28,57016,08011,925
Albanian26,89523,820n/an/a
Ilocano26,34517,91513,450
Amharic22,46518,02014,555
Czech22,29523,58524,450
Khmer (Cambodian)20,13019,44019,105
Bulgarian20,02019,05016,790
Hebrew19,53018,45017,635
Niger–Congo languages, n.i.e.19,14014,075n/an/a
Nepali18,2758,480n/an/a
Ojibway17,88517,62524,190
Slovak17,58517,58018,820
Pashto16,91012,4659,025
Macedonian16,77017,24518,435
Tigrigna16,65010,2207,105
Sinhala16,33514,18510,180
Bisayan languagesn/an/a16,24011,240
Telugu15,6559,3156,625
Finnish15,29517,41521,030
Yiddish13,55515,20516,295
Akan (Twi)13,46012,68012,780
Swahili13,37510,0907,935
Wu (Shanghainese)12,920n/an/an/an/a
Oji-Cree12,8559,83511,690
Lao12,67012,97013,940
Danish12,63014,14518,735
Malay12,27510,9109,490
Bosnian12,21011,68512,790
Sindhi11,86011,33010,355
Kurdish11,7059,8057,660
Hakka10,9105,115n/an/a
Dene10,70011,2159,745
Afrikaans10,2608,770n/an/a
Montagnais (Innu)10,23010,78510,975In the 2006 Census, this language was referred to as 'Montagnais-Naskapi'.
Slovenian9,78510,77513,135
Taiwanesen/an/a9,6359,620
Serbo-Croatian9,55510,15512,510
African languages, n.i.e.n/an/a9,125n/an/a
Thai9,2557,935n/an/a
Marathi8,2955,830n/an/a
Bantu languages, n.i.e.n/an/a7,150n/an/a
Lithuanian7,0757,2458,335
Swedish6,8407,3508,220
Mi'kmaq6,6907,6357,365
Tibetan6,165n/an/an/an/a
Atikamekw6,1505,8205,250
Canadian Gaelicn/an/a6,0156,015
Fukien (Fuzhou dialect)n/an/a5,925n/an/a
Rundi (Kirundi)5,8453,975n/an/a
Maltese5,5656,2206,405
Estonian5,4456,3858,240
Latvian5,4556,2007,000
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)5,2503,895n/an/a
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.5,1805,255n/an/a
Oromo4,96011,140n/an/a
Norwegian4,6155,8007,225
Tibetan languagesn/an/a4,640n/an/a
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.n/an/a4,360n/an/a
Sign languages, n.i.e.4,1253,815n/an/a
Vlaams (Flemish)3,8954,6905,660
Lingala3,8103,085n/an/a
Burmese3,5852,985n/an/a
Stoney3,0253,050n/an/a
Shanghainesen/an/a2,920n/an/a
Blackfoot2,815n/an/a3,085
Slavic languages, n.i.e.2,4203,630n/an/a
Semitic languages, n.i.e.2,15516,970n/an/a
Frisian2,095n/an/a2,890
Dogrib (Tlicho)1,645n/an/a2,020
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.1,405n/an/an/an/a
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)1,265n/an/a5,585
Algonquin1,260n/an/a1,920
Scottish Gaelic1,095n/an/an/an/a
Welsh1,075n/an/an/an/a
Carrier1,030n/an/a1,560
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)1,020n/an/a365
Mohawk985n/an/a290
South Slavey950n/an/a1,605
Gitxsan (Gitksan)880n/an/a1,180
North Slave (Hare)765n/an/a1,065
Chilcotin655n/an/a1,070
Celtic languages, n.i.e.530n/an/an/an/a
Chipewyann/an/an/an/a525
Michif465n/an/an/an/a
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)445n/an/a935
Nisga'a400n/an/a680
Malecite300n/an/a535
Kutchin-Gwich’in (Loucheux)260n/an/a360
Tlingit95n/an/a80
Other languagesn/an/a77,890172,650
Multiple language responses818,640639,540392,760
English and French165,335144,68598,630
English and a non-official language533,260396,330240,005
French and a non-official language86,14574,43043,335
English, French, and a non-official language33,90024,09510,790
Total34,767,25033,121,17531,241,030

Work

Languageurl=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language+of+work&TABID=1&type=0title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]first=Statistics Canadalast=Government of Canadadate=8 February 2017website=www12.statcan.gc.caaccessdate=18 December 2022}}% of total population (2006)
English
French
Non-official
English and French
English and non-official
Other

Home

Languagetitle=Census Profile, 2016 Census Canada [Country] and Canada [Country] Language spoken most often at homedate=8 February 2017url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1&type=0}}% of total population (2006)The percentage figures cited are the top languages spoken as a home language in Canada, shown as a percentage of total single responses. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census Profile of Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order): Language, Mobility and Migration and Immigration and Citizenship. Ottawa, 2007, pp. 6–10. Data available online at: {{cite web
url = http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=0&LANG=E&A=R&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=01&GID=837928&GK=1&GRP=1&O=D&PID=94817&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=702&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0title = Detailed Language Spoken Most Often at Homedate = April 8, 2008
English
French
Non-official
English and non-official
English and French
Other

Immigration

Main article: Immigration to Canada, Canada immigration statistics, Annual immigration statistics of Canada

According to the 2021 Canadian census, immigrants in Canada number 8.3 million persons and make up approximately 23 percent of Canada's total population. This represents the eighth-largest immigrant population in the world, while the proportion represents one of the highest ratios for industrialized Western countries.

Immigrants from specific countries are divided into several ethnic groups. For example, there are both Punjabis and Muhajirs from Pakistan, both Turks and Kurds from Turkey and both Sinhalese and Tamil from Sri Lanka. Immigrants from Iran are divided into Mazandaranians, Armenians, Azeris, Persians, Kurds, Gilaks and Lurs.

Since confederation in 1867 through to the contemporary era, decadal and demi-decadal census reports have detailed immigration statistics. During this period, the highest annual immigration rate in Canada occurred in 1913, when 400,900 new immigrants accounted for 5.3 percent of the total population, while the greatest number of foreign-born individuals admitted to Canada in single year occurred in 2021, with 405,330 new immigrants accounting for 1.1 percent of the total population.

Statistics Canada projects that immigrants will represent between 29.1% and 34.0% of Canada's population in 2041, compared with 23.0% in 2021, while the Canadian population with at least one foreign born parent (first and second generation persons) could rise to between 49.8% and 54.3%, up from 44.0% in 2021.

YearImmigrant percentageImmigrant populationTotal responsesTotal populationSource(s)
1851535,1532,036,0652,312,919last=Government of Canadafirst=Statistics Canadadate=23 July 2012title= Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871 = Recensements du Canada, 1665 to 1871url=https://archive.org/details/1871981871FV41873engfra/mode/2upaccess-date=3 August 2025website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
1861677,9673,090,5613,090,561258+288+335+346}}
1871593,4033,485,7613,485,761last=Government of Canadafirst=Statistics Canadadate=2022-10-26title= Infographic 1 Nearly one in four people in Canada are immigrants, the highest proportion of the population in more than 150 yearsurl=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221026/g-a001-eng.htmaccess-date=2023-01-10website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}
1881602,9844,324,8104,324,810last=Government of Canadafirst=Statistics Canadadate=2013-04-03title= Sixth census of Canada, 1921 . Vol. II: Ages, conjugal condition, birthplace, birthplace of parents, year of immigration and naturalization, language spoken, literacy, school attendance, blindness and deaf-mutismurl=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.830550/publication.htmlaccess-date=2023-01-10website=www12.statcan.gc.capage=239}}
1891643,8714,833,2394,833,239
1901699,5005,371,3155,371,315
19111,586,9617,206,6437,206,643
19211,955,7368,787,9498,787,949last=Government of Canadafirst=Statistics Canadadate=4 September 2022title= 1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I – partie 3. Birthplace. TABLE 42. Population Bom Outside Canada, Showing Numerical and Percentage Distribution, for Canada and Provinces, 1921–1971url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.834326/publication.htmlaccess-date=2023-01-10website=www12.statcan.gc.capage=108}}
19312,307,52510,374,19610,374,196
19412,018,84711,506,65511,506,655
19512,059,91114,009,42914,009,429
19612,844,26318,238,24718,238,247
19713,295,53521,568,31021,568,311
19813,843,33524,083,49524,343,181
19863,908,15025,022,00525,309,331
19914,342,89026,994,04527,296,859
19964,971,07028,528,12528,846,761
20015,448,48029,639,03030,007,094
20066,186,95031,241,03031,612,897
20116,775,76532,852,32533,476,688
20167,540,83034,460,06035,151,728
20218,361,50536,328,47536,991,981

Migration data

YearImmigrationEmigrationNet Migration
1952164,49860,559106,939
1953168,86857,975110,893
1954154,22757,15097,077
1955109,94661,89348,053
1956164,85768,75396,104
1957282,16474,383207,781
1958124,85161,68163,170
1959106,92869,18937,739
1960104,11175,59628,515
196171,68972,305−616
196274,58676,740−2,154
196393,15183,5639,588
1964112,60692,43020,176
1965146,758105,30741,451
1966194,74391,489103,254
1967222,876108,462114,414
1968183,974100,03683,938
1969161,53190,08971,495
1970147,71380,96166,752
1971121,16270,09751,065
YearImmigrationEmigrationNet migrationNet non-permanent migrationTotal net migration
1972122,00626,17595,8312,97598,806
1973184,20040,714143,4867,928151,414
1974218,46542,020176,4451,977178,422
1975187,88134,280153,6017,931161,532
1976146,42928,292118,137−2,969115,168
1977117,91429,10688,808−1,98286,826
197886,31331,69254,621−2,97051,651
1979112,03624,49287,5447,93095,474
1980143,49817,623125,87514,869140,744
1981128,79424,604104,19030,281134,471
1982121,33131,05490,277−3,72786,550
198389,37731,80357,5744,36961,943
198488,59929,06459,535−34959,186
198584,33926,86457,47410,98168,455
198697,34330,23267,11146,537113,648
1987152,03128,865123,16640,899164,065
1988161,53424,534137,000108,917245,917
1989191,51626,706164,81067,356232,166
1990216,42425,011191,413−10,951180,462
1991232,77643,396189,380−54,661134,719
1992254,85648,721206,135−31,933174,202
1993256,75450,657206,097−63,292142,805
1994224,39555,682168,713−16,500152,213
1995212,87551,252151,623169151,792
1996226,06149,841176,220−9,667166,553
1997216,03462,803153,231791154,022
1998174,18457,842116,342921117,263
1999189,97154,387135,58422,431158,015
2000227,42957,109170,33028,433198,763
2001250,63859,391191,24747,286238,533
2002229,04945,682183,36729,133212,500
2003221,34949,876171,47322,943194,416
2004235,85955,085180,77414,225194,999
2005262,24652,436209,8103,159212,969
2006251,64947,890203,75912,741216,500
2007236,76351,455185,30843,958229,266
2008247,26252,678194,58471,669266,253
2009252,21841,131211,08755,977267,064
2010280,73942,187238,55231,927270,479
2011248,73550,932197,80342,802240,605
2012257,82550,426207,39946,207253,606
2013259,04626,608232,43852,984285,422
2014260,30854,956205,35216,970222,322
2015271,86756,566215,301−9,330205,971
2016296,38556,772239,61388,722328,335
2017286,53743,832242,705138,034380,739
2018321,05437,915283,139154,917438,056
2019341,17435,791305,383189,781495,164
YearImmigrationEmigrationNet MigrationNon-permanent Resident InflowNon-permanent Resident OutflowNet Non-permanent ResidentTotal Net Migration
2020184,59419,235165,359––−96,06669,293
2021406,04639,161366,885––77,052443,937
2022437,61247,991389,621960,266408,722551,544941,165
2023471,87148,709423,1621,289,173468,407820,7661,243,928
2024483,59150,170433,4211,036,471745,306291,165724,586

Religion

In 2021, 53.3% of Canadians were Christians, down from 67.3% in 2011. 29.9% were Catholic while 11.4% were Protestant (all other listed denominations excluding Christian Orthodox, Latter Day Saints and Jehovah's Witnesses). 7.6% were Christian not otherwise specified, 2.1% were "other Christian and Christian-related traditions", 1.7% were Christian Orthodox, 0.4% were Jehovah's Witnesses and 0.2% were Latter Day Saints adherents.

34.6% of Canadians were non-religious or secular, up from 23.9% in 2011. Of the non-Christian religions listed, 4.9% of Canadians were Muslim (3.2% in 2011), 2.3% were Hindu (1.5% in 2011), 2.1% were Sikh (1.4% in 2011), 1.0% were Buddhist (1.1% in 2011), 0.9% were Jewish (1.0% in 2011), 0.2% were believers of traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality (same as 2011), and 0.6% were believers of other religions and spiritual traditions (0.4% in 2011).

Religion status of the Canadian Population in 2021ReligionTotalPercent
Christian
Roman Catholic
Christian n.o.s.
United Church
Anglican
Christian Orthodox
Baptist
Pentecostal and other Charismatic
Lutheran
Presbyterian
Anabaptist
Jehovah's Witness
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)
Latter Day Saints
Reformed
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions
Muslim
Hindu
Sikh
Buddhist
Jewish
Traditional (North American Indigenous) Spirituality
Other religions and spiritual traditions
No religion and secular perspectives
A map of Canada by province and territory showing the distribution of the population by religious affiliation in 2021

Notes

References

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