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Declaration of independence

Assertion by a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state

A declaration of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the territory of another state or failed state, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's International Court of Justice ruled in an advisory opinion in Kosovo that "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence", though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration as rebellion, which may lead to a war of independence or a constitutional settlement to resolve the crisis.

List of declarations of independence

Note

This [[Wikipedia:Incomplete lists

State	Declaration	Date	Association	Signatories	First recognizing state(s)
Algeria	Declaration of 1 November 1954		Algeria	Algerian War	French Algeria
Flag of Albanian Provisional Government (1912-1914).svg Albania	Albanian Declaration of Independence		Ottoman Empire	Assembly of Vlorë	Austria-Hungary
Ambazonia Ambazonia	Ambazonian Declaration of Independence		Cameroon	Southern Cameroons Ambazonia Consortium United Front
First Republic of Armenia	Declaration of Independence of Armenia		Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic	Armenian National Congress (1917), Armenian Revolutionary Federation	Ottoman Empire
Armenia	Declaration of State Sovereignty of Armenia		Soviet Union	Levon Ter-Petrosyan and Supreme Council of Armenia secretary Ara Sahakian	Lithuania
Artsakh	Proclamation of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic		Soviet Union	Nagorno-Karabakh Regional and Shahumyan District Councils of People's Deputies of the Azerbaijan SSR
Azawad	Azawadi Declaration of Independence		Mali	National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
Azerbaijan	Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan		Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic	Azerbaijani National Council	Ottoman Empire
Azerbaijan	Act on Restoration of State Independence of Azerbaijan		Soviet Union	Supreme Council of Azerbaijan	Turkey
Bangladesh	Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence 1947		United Kingdom	Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh	United Kingdom
Bangladesh	Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence			Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh	India
Belarus	Third Constituent Charter		Soviet Russia	Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
	Announcement of the Declaration of Independence of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Byelorussia		Poland	Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Byelorussia, trade unions	Soviet Russia
BSSR	Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic		Soviet Union	Supreme Soviet of the BSSR	Turkey
Belgium	Belgian Declaration of Independence		Kingdom of the Netherlands	Provisional Government of Belgium
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina	Bosnian Declaration of Independence		Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia		Bulgaria
Flag of Bougainville.svg Bougainville	Bougainville Declaration of Independence		Papua New Guinea	Bougainville Interim Government
Empire of Brazil	Declaration of the Independence of Brazil		Portugal	Pedro I of Brazil	United States
Bulgaria	Bulgarian Declaration of Independence		Ottoman Empire	Ferdinand of Bulgaria and the Government of Bulgaria	Russian Empire
Burma	Burmese Declaration of Independence		United Kingdom
Catalonia	Declaration of the Catalan Republic as a state of the Iberian Federation		Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain	Francesc Macià, Generalitat Government of Catalonia
Catalonia	Declaration of the Catalan state within the Federal Republic of Spain		Flag of Spain (1931–1939).svg Spain	Lluís Companys, Generalitat Government of Catalonia
Catalonia	Declaration from the representatives of Catalonia as the Catalan Republic		Spain
Federal Republic of Central America
(present-day:
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua)		Act of Independence of Central America		Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain
Chile	Chilean Declaration of Independence		Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain	National Congress	Portugal
Colombia	Colombian Declaration of Independence		Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain
[[File:Flag of the Comoros (1963–1975).svg	22px	border	link=]] Comoros	Comorian Declaration of Independence		France		Guinea
Republic of Crimea	Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea		Ukraine	Supreme Council of Crimea	Russia
Croatia	Declaration of the Establishment of the Sovereign and Independent Republic of Croatia		Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia		Iceland
Cyberspace	A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace		Governments	John Perry Barlow
Czechoslovakia	Czechoslovak Declaration of Independence		Austria-Hungary	Czechoslovak National Council	United States
Czechoslovakia	Martin Declaration		Austria-Hungary	Slovak National Council	France
	Dominican Republic	Dominican Act of Independence (1844)		Flag of Haiti (1820–1849, 1859–1964).svg Haiti		United Kingdom
	Civil Ensign of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic	Dominican Act of Independence (1863)		Spain		Spain
	East Timor	East Timorese declaration of independence		Portugal		Morocco
	Egypt	Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence		United Kingdom	Unilateral grant of independence by the British government	United Kingdom
Estonia	Estonian Declaration of Independence		German Empire
Russian Republic	Estonian Salvation Committee	Finland
Estonia	Estonian Reconfirmation of Independence		Soviet Union	Congress of Estonia	Iceland (reconfirmed earlier recognition)
	Finland	Finnish Declaration of Independence		Russian Republic	Parliament of Finland	Soviet Russia
First Mexican Empire
(present-day Mexico)	Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire
(real independence)		Spain	Supreme Provisional Governmental Board	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
	Flag of Florida (1861–1865).svg Florida	Florida's Constitution of 1861		United States	Florida State Legislature
Bandeira galega civil.svg Galicia	Declaration of the Republic of Galicia		Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain
Democratic Republic of Georgia	Georgian Declaration of Independence, 1918		Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic	Georgian National Council	German Empire
Republic of Georgia	Act of Restoration of State Independence of Georgia		Soviet Union	Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia	Switzerland
Flag of the State of Georgia (1861, red).svg Georgia, State of	Georgia's secession declaration		United States
Kingdom of Greece	Greek Declaration of Independence		Ottoman Empire	First National Assembly	Haiti
Guinea-Bissau	Guinea-Bissau Declaration of Independence		Portugal
Haiti	Haitian Declaration of Independence		First French Empire	Jean-Jacques Dessalines	Flag of the Kingdom of France (1814-1830).svg France
Flag of Hungary (1848-1849, 1867-1869).svg Hungary	Hungarian Declaration of Independence		Habsburg Monarchy Habsburgs
Iceland	Icelandic Declaration of Independence		Denmark		United States
India	Indian Rebellion of 1857		United Kingdom	Mughal Empire
India	Declaration of the Independence of India		United Kingdom
India	Declaration of Independence		United Kingdom
Indonesia	Proclamation of Indonesian Independence		Kingdom of the Netherlands	Sukarno & Mohammad Hatta	Kingdom of Egypt
Kingdom of Iraq	Iraq Declaration of Independence		United Kingdom		United Kingdom
Republic of Ireland	Proclamation of the Irish Republic		United Kingdom	Provisional Government of the Irish Republic
Flag of Ireland.svg Irish Republic	Irish Declaration of Independence		United Kingdom	Dáil Éireann	Soviet Russia
Israel	Israeli Declaration of Independence		United Kingdom	Jewish People's Council	United States
Flag of Katanga.svg Katanga	Katangan Declaration of Independence		Flag of Congo-Léopoldville (1960-1963).svg Congo-Léopoldville
Kazakhstan	On the State Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan		Soviet Union	Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Kazakhstan	Turkey
Korea	Korean Declaration of Independence		Empire of Japan	Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea	Republic of China (1912–1949)
Republic of Kosova	Proclamation of the Republic of Kosova		Serbia and Montenegro	Assembly of Kosovo	Albania
Kosovo	Kosovo declaration of independence		Serbia
UN Administration	"Democratically elected leaders of our people"	Costa Rica
Latvia	Latvian Declaration of Independence		Weimar Republic
Soviet Russia	People's Council of Latvia	Soviet Russia
Latvia	On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia		Soviet Union	Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR	Iceland
Liberia	Liberian Declaration of Independence		Flag of the United States (1847–1848).svg American Colonization Society	Liberian Constitutional Convention	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Lithuania	Act of Independence of Lithuania		German Empire
Soviet Russia	Council of Lithuania	Weimar Republic
Lithuania	Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania		Soviet Union	Supreme Council of Lithuania	Iceland
Flag of the Patriote movement (Lower Canada).svg Lower Canada	Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada		United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	Robert Nelson
Flag of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia (1946–1991); Flag of North Macedonia (1991-1992).svg Macedonia	Independence of the Republic of Macedonia		Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia		Bulgaria
Malaya
(present-day Malaysia)	Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957		United Kingdom	Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaysia	United Kingdom
Flag of Mississippi (1861–1865).gif Mississippi	A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union		United States
Moldova	Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova		Soviet Union	Parliament of the Republic of Moldova	Romania
Montenegro	Montenegro declaration of independence		Serbia and Montenegro	Assembly of the Republic of Montenegro	Iceland
Morocco	Moroccan Declaration of Independence		France France	Istiqlal Party
Kingdom of the Netherlands	Act of Abjuration		Spanish Empire	Union of Utrecht
Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Northern America
(present-day Mexico)	Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America		Spain	Congress of Anáhuac
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus		Cyprus		Turkey
Flag of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus.svg Northern Epirus	Northern Epirote Declaration of Independence		Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svg Albania	Provisional Government of Northern Epirus
Flag of Bougainville.svg North Solomons	Declaration of Independence of the Republic of the North Solomons		Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Territory of Papua and New Guinea (Australia)	Unknown	Vatican City
Norway
(Kingdom of Norway)	Declaration of Independence of Norway , and the Constitution of Norway		Denmark-Norway
(As of Treaty of Kiel)	Norwegian Constituent Assembly
North Korea	National Liberation Day of Korea		Japan	Kim Il Sung	Soviet Union
Padania	Padanian Declaration of Independence		Italy (1946–2003) Italy
Pakistan	Lahore Resolution		United Kingdom	Muslim League (Pakistan)
Palestine	Palestinian Declaration of Independence		Flag of Israel.svg Palestinian territories	Palestinian National Council	Arab League
Flag of Peru (1821–1822).svg Peru	Act of the Declaration of Independence of Peru		Spain	José de San Martín	Argentina
Panama Panama	Secession of Panama from Colombia		Colombia		United States
Flag of the Philippines (1898–1901).svg Philippines	Philippine Declaration of Independence		Spain Spain	98 representatives of Dictatorial Government of the Philippines (ratified on September 29, 1898, by the Malolos Congress)
Flag of Argentina (civil).svg Provinces of the Río de la Plata
(present-day:
Argentina
Bolivia
Uruguay)	Argentine Declaration of Independence		Spain Spain	Congress of Tucumán	Kingdom of Hawaii
Rhodesia	Rhodesian Unilateral Declaration of Independence		United Kingdom	Ian Smith and the rest of the Cabinet
Romania	Romanian Declaration of Independence		Ottoman Empire	King Carol I
Russia	Belovezha Accords		Soviet Union	Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Bir Lehlou Declaration		Spanish Sahara	Polisario Front	Madagascar
Kingdom of Scotland	Declaration of Arbroath		Kingdom of England	Scottish leaders
Flag of Revolutionary Serbia.svg Serbia	The Proclamation (Proglašenije/Проглашеније)		Ottoman Empire	Karađorđe Petrović and Serbian MPs
Singapore	Proclamation of Singapore		Malaysia	Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore	United Kingdom
Slovakia	Slovak National Council's Declaration of Independence of the Slovak Nation		Czechoslovakia	Slovak National Council	Czech Republic
Slovenia	Slovenian Declaration of Independence		Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia		Croatia
Somaliland	Somaliland Declaration of Independence		Somalia
South Korea	National Liberation Day of Korea		Japan	Syngman Rhee	United States
South Carolina Sovereignty-Secession Flag.svg South Carolina	Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union		United States	South Carolinians in Charleston
Sri Lanka	Declaration of Independence of Sri Lanka (Then known as "Ceylon")		United Kingdom
[[File:Flag of Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24).svg	border	25px	Arab Kingdom of Syria]] Syria	Syrian Declaration of Independence (1920)		Ottoman Empire	Syrian National Congress
First Syrian Republic	Syrian Declaration of Independence (1941)		Free France	Georges Catroux	United Kingdom
Kingdom of Egypt
Republic of Texas	Texas Declaration of Independence		Flag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg Mexico		France
Flag of Texas (1839–1879).svg Texas, State of	A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union		United States	Texas Legislature
Tibet (1912–1951)	Tibet's Declaration of Independence		Flag of China (1912–1928).svg China	13th Dalai Lama	Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
Turkmenistan	About Independence and Bases of a State System of Turkmenistan		Soviet Union	none	Turkey
Ukraine	IV Universal		Soviet Russia	Central Council of Ukraine
Ukraine	Declaration of Independence of Ukraine		Soviet Union	Verkhovna Rada	Canada
Poland
United States	United States Declaration of Independence		Kingdom of Great Britain	Second Continental Congress	Morocco
Flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand.svg United Tribes of New Zealand	Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand		—	Māori chiefs	United Kingdom
Uzbekistan	Declaration of Independence		Soviet Union	Supreme Council of Uzbekistan	Turkey
Venezuela	Venezuelan Declaration of Independence		Spain	National Congress
Vermont Republic	Vermont Declaration of Independence		United States
Vietnam	Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam		France	Hồ Chí Minh	China
Democratic Republic of the Yorubaland	Declaration of Independence		Nigeria	Modupe Onitiri-Abiola and Ominira Yoruba Group

Explanatory notes

References

"Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo". Icj-cij.org.
"Inglaterra: primer país que reconoce la Independencia de México". Memoria Politica de México.
"Act of Restoration of State Independence of Georgia".
(1961). "Encyclopædia Britannica: a new survey of universal knowledge, Volume 11".
Mohy, Mahmoud. (2017-10-30). "EXCLUSIVE: Indonesian President's Advisor: 'We have a long history with Egypt'". Egypt Today.
{{sourcetext
(2004). "Philippine History". Rex Bookstore, Inc..
Tucker, Spencer. (2009). "The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History". ABC-CLIO.
link. (2017-06-28 (1985 Rev. Ed.) and [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1966/29/contents the Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom].)
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Szporluk, Roman. (24 February 2020). "Russia, Ukraine and the Breakup of the Soviet Union". Hoover Press.
(2003). "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation : U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates 1774-1875". [[Library of Congress]].
Coelho, Chris. (2013). "Timothy Matlack, Scribe of the Declaration of Independence". McFarland.
[http://www.embassyofmorocco.us/USMoroccorelationship.htm US-Morocco Diplomatic Relationship] {{Webarchive. link. (2015-08-12 . Official Web site of the Embassy of the Kingdom of Morocco to the United States of America.)
Dolan, Kerry A.. (November 21, 2013). "Why Morocco Matters To The U.S.".
The Lord Glenelg. (25 May 1836). "Documents > Declaration of Independence". Waitangi Associates.

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