Death certificate

Nature of a certificate

Before issuing a death certificate, the authorities usually require a certificate from a physician or coroner to validate the cause of death and the identity of the deceased. In cases where it is not completely clear that a person is dead (usually because their body is being sustained by life support), a neurologist is often called in to verify brain death and to fill out the appropriate documentation. The failure of a physician to immediately submit the required form to the government (to trigger issuance of the death certificate) is often both a crime and cause for loss of one's license to practice. This is because of past cases in which dead people continued to receive public benefits or vote in elections.

A full explanation of the cause of death includes any other diseases and disorders the person had at the time of death, even though they did not directly cause the death.

The cause of death combined with the occupation and industry information, is used for public health research purposes:

• Detecting new illnesses or injuries occurring in relation to specific industries or occupations.
• Monitoring known associations between job hazards and illnesses (e.g., Black Lung Disease, once thought to be on the decline within the coal industry, reemerged in 2019).
• Calculating burden of illness for specific industries or occupations to prioritize research.
• Guiding prevention efforts and more in-depth research on links between work and health.

History

Historically, in Europe and North America, death records were kept by the local churches, along with baptism and marriage records. In 1639, in what would become the United States, the Massachusetts Bay Colony was the first to have the secular courts keep these records. By the end of the 19th century, European countries were adopting centralized systems for recording deaths.

In the United States, a standard model death certificate was developed around 1910.

Specific jurisdictions

France

The French civil code includes a provision for what is known in French as acte de décès, signed by a registrar and issued following a death. Article 78 of the civil code states that the certificate "shall be drawn up by the registrar of the municipality where the death occurred, based on the statement of a person who has the most accurate and complete information possible regarding the civil status of the deceased". Article 79 sets out the contents of the death certificate, consisting of where and when the death occurred; the name, occupation and residence of the deceased and their parents; the name of the deceased's spouse or partner; and the name, age, occupation and residence of the person making the declaration on the deceased's behalf.

United Kingdom

England and Wales

When someone dies in England or Wales, a doctor involved in their care completes a "medical certificate of cause of death" (MCCD). This is then forwarded to the register office to register the person's death. The General Register Office, which is a section of HM Passport Office, is responsible for civil registration services in England and Wales.

Scotland

National registration began in 1855; registrations are rather more detailed.

United States

In most of the United States, death certificates are considered public domain documents and can therefore be obtained for any individual regardless of the requester's relationship to the deceased. Other jurisdictions restrict to whom death certificates are issued. For example, in the State of New York, only close relatives can obtain a death certificate, including the spouse, parent, child or sibling of the deceased, and other persons who have a documented lawful right or claim, documented medical need, or New York State court order.

Stillbirths

United States

A 2007 article in People magazine revealed that in the case of a stillbirth it is not standard practice to issue both a birth certificate and a death certificate. Most states instead issue a "certificate of birth resulting in stillbirth".

References

References

1. (30 Oct 2008). "Dead People Voting Throughout Florida". WFTV Orlando.
2. Altman, Lawrence K.. (1 July 2013). "Making the Right Call, Even in Death". The New York Times.
3. (2023-07-10). "National Occupational Mortality Surveillance: Information for Funeral Directors".
4. (2023-05-02). "Guidelines for reporting occupation and industry on death certificates". U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
5. "Code civil - Article 78". [[Government of France]].
6. "Code civil - Article 79". [[Government of France]].
7. HM Passport Office, [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guidance-notes-for-completing-a-medical-certificate-of-cause-of-death Completing a medical certificate of cause of death (MCCD)], last updated 25 March 2022, accessed 27 June 2022
8. HM Passport Office, [https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/hm-passport-office/about HM Passport Office: About us], accessed 27 June 2022
9. "Items Included in the Main Registers". General Register Office for Scotland.
10. "Death Certificates". New York State Department of Health.
11. "Welcome to MISSing Angels Bill".