Cynthia Lummis

Early life and education

Cynthia Marie Lummis was born on September 10, 1954, in Cheyenne, Wyoming, to Doran Lummis and Enid Bennett. She is descended from German immigrants; her family first came to Wyoming in 1868. Her father chaired the Laramie County Republican Party and served on the county board of commissioners. Her brother Del Lummis also chaired the Laramie County Republican Party.

Lummis attended Cheyenne East High School, and graduated from the University of Wyoming with a Bachelor of Science degree in animal science in 1976 and a Bachelor of Science in biology in 1978. She graduated from the University of Wyoming with a Juris Doctor in 1985, and was on the dean's list. She worked as a student teacher at Rock River School in 1977.

Career

State legislature

Elections

In 1978, Lummis was elected to the Wyoming House of Representatives at age 24, the youngest woman to serve in the state legislature. She was reelected in 1980, but chose to not seek reelection in 1982. Lummis returned to the state house after winning the 1984 election. She filed to run for reelection on June 19, 1986, and was reelected after placing third out of 18 candidates. She was reelected in the 1988 and 1990 elections. She was reapportioned to the 8th district in 1992.

In 1990, when Republican Senator Dan Sullivan resigned from the Wyoming Senate, Senate Majority Leader Diemer True stated that Lummis was qualified to replace Sullivan in the state senate. But she could not take the position, as she was busy serving as a campaign manager in the gubernatorial election. In 1992, Lummis ran for a seat in the Wyoming Senate from the 5th district, defeating Norman P. Feagler for the Republican nomination, and incumbent Democratic Senator Harriet Elizabeth Byrd in the general election. During the campaign Lummis spent $11,661, making her the fifth-highest spending elected candidate in the 1992 election. On June 8, 1994, she announced that she would not run for reelection, saying she had other commitments to her family. Republican nominee Don Lawler was elected to succeed her, defeating Democratic nominee Steve Freudenthal.

Tenure

During Lummis's tenure in the state house, she chaired the Revenue committee and served on the Judiciary and Agriculture Committees. During her tenure in the state senate she served on the Judiciary Committee. After leaving the state legislature, she was appointed to Jim Geringer's gubernatorial transition team, and served as his general counsel until 1997. Geringer appointed Lummis to serve as interim director of the Office of State Lands and Investments in 1997, after he fired Jim Magagna.

On February 28, 1982, Lummis was injured in a car accident while her husband was driving. She attended the National Conference of State Legislatures national conference in 1982, alongside Senate President Donald Cundall and Representatives Wiederspahn, Peg Shreve, Scott Ratliff, William A. Cross, and George Salisbury. In a 1982 roll-call vote in favor of legislation about the treatment of non-resident traffic offenders, a man cast Lummis's vote while she was outside the room. Lummis changed the vote to a nay after coming back in. Representative Ken Burns said the incident showed why electronic voting was needed.

During the 1988 Republican presidential primaries, Lummis served on Bob Dole's steering committee in Wyoming. A 1989 survey of the financial contributors of the Wyoming Republican Party showed that Lummis was suggested as a candidate for Secretary of State of Wyoming. She served as Republican candidate Mary Mead's campaign manager during the 1990 gubernatorial election.

Treasurer

Elections

Lummis:

Loveridge: ]]

On November 17, 1996, incumbent Treasurer Stan Smith announced that he would not seek reelection to a fifth term in 1998. It was speculated that Lummis would replace him. At the Laramie County Republican convention on March 28, 1998, she announced that she would run for treasurer, and formally announced her campaign on April 20, at a press conference alongside Smith.

During the campaign, the Attorney General ruled that public funds could not be used to send state treasurer candidates to an investment seminar. Lummis won the Republican nomination without opposition and defeated Democratic nominee Charyl Loveridge and Libertarian nominee James Blomquist.

Lummis was considered as a possible candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2002 gubernatorial election, but declined to run. She announced on April 30 that she would seek reelection as treasurer, and was reelected without opposition in 2002. Lummis was the only statewide candidate to face no opposition in the 2002 election, as nobody had filed to run in the Democratic primary and no other candidate received the 25 write-in votes required to qualify for the nomination. During the campaign she had raised $9,275 and spent $12,151.

She was limited to two terms as treasurer and did not challenge the constitutionality of the legislation, despite the Wyoming Supreme Court having invalidated term limits on state legislators. She endorsed former Speaker Fred Parady to succeed her as treasurer in the 2006 election, but Joseph Meyer won the Republican primary and the general election.

Tenure

Lummis conducted an accounting change by raising the interest rate on the $100 million in Wyoming banks, which reduced Wyoming's expected budget deficit in 1999 by over $5 million. She also planned a 1% increase on the interest yield of Wyoming's $2.6 billion permanent fund, which would raise $26 million per year. She served on the Wyoming Board of Land Commissioners alongside Governor Geringer, Secretary of State Meyer, Auditor Max Maxfield, and superintendent of public instruction Judy Catchpole. During her tenure, the Permanent Mineral Trust Fund rose to over $2 billion for the first time.

In April 2001, Lummis announced a conflict of interest involving her role as treasurer of the Arp and Hammond Hardware Company, which she claimed had existed since December 2000. A different document indicated that it had actually existed since April 2000, but Lummis insisted that the second form was in error. She and other Republican statewide officials were accused of trying to expand their powers at the expense of Governor Dave Freudenthal, but denied the claims. Lummis claimed that she was the person responsible for the increase in Wyoming's investments during her tenure as treasurer, but Freudenthal said that no one person could take credit for the increase.

As a member of the Wyoming Canvassing Board, Lummis voted unanimously alongside the three other members against a recall of the ballots cast in Natrona County during the 2002 United States House of Representatives election. Even though the results in Natrona County could not overturn the statewide results, they would determine which county was placed first on the ballot. Lummis initially supported a recount, but changed her mind after Mary Ann Collins, the Natrona County Clerk, told her that all of the ballots had been counted.

Lummis and all other statewide officials in Wyoming attended the first inauguration of George W. Bush. During the 2004 presidential election, she served as one of Wyoming's 28 delegates to the Republican National Convention. Lummis was the only statewide official from Wyoming to attend Bush's second inauguration. She served as the chair of Ray Hunkins's campaign during the 2006 gubernatorial election.

United States House of Representatives

Elections

Trauner: ]]

Representative Barbara Cubin, whom Lummis had supported during the 1994 election, announced that she would not run for reelection in the 2008 election. On January 2, 2008, Lummis announced that she would run for Cubin's seat, winning the Republican nomination against Mark Gordon, Bill Winney, and Michael Holland, having challenged them to debates held in all 23 Wyoming counties during the primaries. A poll conducted from January 18 to 21 showed that Lummis had a favorability rating of 29%, an unfavorability rating of 17%, and a neutral rating of 24%; 30% did not recognize her. Tucker Fagan, who later served as her chief of staff, served as Lummis's campaign manager. During the campaign Rachael Seidenschnur, her press secretary, resigned after using a fake name to ask Lummis's opponent a question. She defeated Democratic nominee Gary Trauner in the general election. During the campaign Lummis raised $1,557,313 and spent $1,543,875 while Trauner raised $1,672,707 and spent $1,716,013.

Lummis was reelected in 2010 against Democratic nominee David Wendt and Libertarian nominee John V. Love, after having raised $780,426 and spending $754,270 compared to Wendt, who had raised $65,709 and spent $68,523 On May 12, 2012, Lummis announced that she would run for reelection. She was reelected in the 2012 election over Democratic nominee Chris Henrichsen after having raised $715,314 and spent $631,026. She was reelected in the 2014 election against Democratic nominee Richard Grayson, after having raised $432,666 and spent $300,949.

On November 12, 2015, Lummis announced that she would not seek reelection in the 2016 election. Liz Cheney was elected to succeed her. Lummis's daughter, Annaliese Wiederspahn, served as Leland Christensen's campaign manager during the Republican primary. Lummis considered running for the Republican nomination in the 2018 gubernatorial election, but declined to run, instead endorsing Sam Galeotos. She sought a position in President Donald Trump's cabinet by attempting to replace Ryan Zinke as United States Secretary of the Interior, but David Bernhardt was appointed instead.

Tenure

During Lummis's tenure in the House, she served on the Agriculture and Appropriations Committees and on the Energy and Mineral Resources, National Parks, Forests and Public Lands, and Energy and Water Development Subcommittees. She was the first representative from Wyoming to serve on the Agriculture Committee since Frank O. Horton, who served on the committee from 1939 to 1941. In 2011, she was appointed vice chair of the Appropriations Subcommittee of the Agriculture Committee. Lummis left the Appropriations Committee in 2013, saying she had requested her removal from the committee and that it was not part of a purge of radical Republicans from committee positions. She was appointed chair of the Science Subcommittee on Energy in 2013.

Lummis served as the communications chair and spokesperson of the Congressional Western Caucus and succeeded Dean Heller as vice chair in 2011 following Heller's appointment to the United States Senate. Lummis was elected to serve on the House Republican Steering Committee in 2010. She was at one point the only female member of the Freedom Caucus and the last until the election of Debbie Lesko. Lummis co-chaired the Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues alongside Representative Gwen Moore from 2011 to 2013. She was also a member of the Tea Party Caucus.

Lummis supported Speaker John Boehner while the Freedom Caucus successfully pushed to remove Boehner. She praised the election of Paul Ryan as Speaker, saying, "we have ushered in thoughtful, conservative leadership, restored member-driven policy-making to the legislative process and returned regular order that will bring sunshine to back rooms making government work better".

Lummis served on the Republican whip team until she was removed from the position in 2015, for voting against giving President Barack Obama the authority to propose a trade agreement with Pacific countries. She said she knew she would be removed from her position on the whip team for her vote but did not regret it. Representatives Steve Pearce and Trent Franks were also removed from the whip team for their votes.

During the 2008 presidential election, Lummis was supposed to give a speech at the Republican National Convention on the first day, but her speech was canceled due to Hurricane Gustav. During the 2012 Republican presidential primaries she endorsed Mitt Romney and served as the chair of Romney's campaign in Wyoming. During the 2016 Republican presidential primaries, she was a campaign surrogate for Rand Paul, and later endorsed Trump in the presidential election.

United States Senate

Elections

Main article: 2020 United States Senate election in Wyoming

After U.S. Senator Craig L. Thomas died on June 4, 2007, Lummis announced on June 12 that she would seek an appointment to replace him. She placed third in the final vote, making her one of the nominees submitted to the governor as a candidate for appointment, alongside John Barrasso and Tom Sansonetti. Freudenthal selected Barrasso to replace Thomas. Lummis was speculated as a possible candidate in the 2014 United States Senate election.

On June 20, 2019, Lummis filed to run for a seat in the United States Senate to succeed retiring Senator Mike Enzi. She won the Republican nomination and defeated Democratic nominee Merav Ben-David in the general election. Her victory made her the first woman to represent Wyoming in the United States Senate. She raised more during the campaign than all of her Republican and Democratic opponents combined. During the campaign Lummis raised $3,003,788 and spent $3,037,813 while Ben-David raised $559,626 and spent $545,348.

On December 19, 2025, Lummis announced that she would not run for reelection in 2026.

Tenure

During her tenure in the Senate, Lummis has served on the Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Environment and Public Works, and Commerce, Science, and Transportation committees. Hans Hunt, a member of the Wyoming state House, resigned so that he could work as Lummis's agriculture and trade policy adviser.

During the counting of the electoral college vote of the 2020 presidential election Lummis voted to certify the results from Arizona, but against certifying the results from Pennsylvania. She voted to acquit Trump during his second impeachment trial.

Lummis voted against the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 but for the PPP Extension Act and the COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act.

Political positions

Bitcoin

Lummis is a strong proponent of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency. In 2022, she and Senator Kirsten Gillibrand introduced bipartisan legislation to reform the tax code to provide a tax exemption for personal Bitcoin or cryptocurrency transactions under $600 from capital gains. This was aimed to make everyday use more practical. Of the bill, Lummis said, "We cannot allow our archaic tax policies to stifle American innovation, and my legislation ensures Americans can participate in the digital economy without inadvertent tax violations." In July 2024, Lummis introduced legislation to create a "strategic Bitcoin reserve", which would entail that the Treasury and the Federal Reserve would buy five percent of the global supply of Bitcoin, which it would subsequently hold.

Lummis purchased Bitcoin in 2013 on her son-in-law's advice and became the first U.S. senator to own cryptocurrency. Her enthusiasm for the technology led to her being known as Congress's "Crypto Queen". Lummis owned at least $230,000 worth of Bitcoin in 2021. In October 2021, CNBC reported that she had violated the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge (STOCK) Act of 2012, a federal transparency and conflict-of-interest law, by failing to disclose within 45 days a purchase of Bitcoin she made in August 2021 worth between $50,001 and $100,000.

Economy

Lummis supported the federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but said the government should avoid bailing out private companies. She supported the privatization of Social Security, raising the age at which people received Social Security money, and making the Bush tax cuts permanent. She voted against the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

In 2010, the House voted 228 to 192, with Lummis in favor, to prohibit federal funding for NPR. She said that House Democrats had a "cocaine-like addiction" to spending. Lummis voted against the Hurricane Sandy relief bill, saying that although victims of Hurricane Sandy deserved the money the federal government should cut its budget to offset the cost of the legislation.

Lummis has campaigned for a regulatory framework for digital assets, a stance she reiterated after the FTX exchange collapsed.

Energy and climate change

In a 2012 campaign debate, Lummis rejected the scientific consensus on climate change, claiming that climate change was "not settled science". She supports the development of nuclear power and oil drilling in Alaska.

Equality

In 1979, Lummis said that it was "important to me to see Equal Rights Amendment not rescinded". In 2015, she and Representative Carolyn Maloney led another effort to pass the ERA. In 2013, the House voted 286 to 138, with Lummis against, to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act. She and Senator Chris Van Hollen attempted to have a federal building in Cheyenne named after Louisa Swain, the first woman to vote in the United States.

Free speech

In 2023, Lummis and Senator Rand Paul cosponsored the Free Speech Protection Act to prohibit the government from directing online platforms to censor speech protected by the First Amendment. Lummis said, "If we let the Biden administration restrict our freedom of speech, there is no telling what other sacred freedoms they will come for next." In September 2025, Lummis defended the indefinite suspension of Jimmy Kimmel Live! in response to pressure from Federal Communications Commission chair Brendan Carr. Carr had suggested ABC's FCC license could be revoked for comments Jimmy Kimmel made about the alleged killer of Charlie Kirk. Lummis said, "an FCC license, it's not a right. It really is a privilege", adding, "Under normal times, in normal circumstances, I tend to think that the First Amendment should always be sort of the ultimate right. And that there should be almost no checks and balances on it. I don't feel that way anymore. I feel like something's changed culturally. And I think that there needs to be some cognizance that things have changed. We just can't let people call each other those kinds of insane things and then be surprised when politicians get shot and the death threats they are receiving and then trying to get extra money for security."

LGBT rights

Lummis voted against the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, named after Matthew Shepard, a murder victim who was gay, stating that she believed that hate crime legislation was "a state's rights issue". She voted against the repeal of don't ask, don't tell and co-sponsored the State Marriage Defense Act. Following the Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges, which found same-sex marriage bans unconstitutional, Lummis supported the First Amendment Defense Act to protect religious groups that opposed gay marriage. She opposes same-sex marriage and believes that it "should be left to the states". She was given a zero percent rating from the Human Rights Campaign during her entire tenure in the House of Representatives.

Lummis was one of 12 Republicans to vote to advance the Respect for Marriage Act, legislation that codifies same-sex marriage rights into federal law. On November 29, 2022, she voted for the final passage of the act. Explaining her decision, a reversal of her opposition to federal same-sex marriage recognition, she said she was "guided by two things—the Wyoming Constitution and ensuring religious liberties for all citizens and faith-based organizations were protected."

Foreign policy

Lummis supported continuing the United States' occupation of Iraq, holding that soldiers should not be withdrawn until General David Petraeus said it was time to leave. She supported the surge of soldiers in Iraq. Lummis was one of four Republicans on the Agriculture Committee to vote in favor of legislation that would have lifted the travel ban on Americans and agricultural products to and from Cuba. Lummis opposed American involvement in the Syrian civil war, stating that the civil war "should be dealt with by the Arab world" and that she did not see how "getting involved in another open-ended and costly conflict is in the best interest of America".

Firearms

Lummis received an "A" rating and endorsement from the NRA Political Victory Fund during the 2008 campaign. In 2009, the House voted 279 to 147, with Lummis in favor, to allow people to bring loaded guns into national parks and wildlife refuges.

Health care legislation

Lummis supported the creation of federal legislation to allow private insurance companies to form interstate insurance pools. She voted against passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2009, and has supported subsequent efforts to defund the ACA.

Lummis and 182 other Republican members of Congress filed an amicus brief asking the Supreme Court to halt a COVID-19 vaccination mandate for companies with 100 or more employees. During the COVID-19 pandemic, she opposed adding unruly passengers to the "no-fly" list, saying that unruly passengers who refuse to comply with mask requirements are not the same as terrorists.

Lummis co-sponsored legislation in the state house to allow state Medicaid funding to be used for abortions when the mother's life was at risk. The Wyoming "Right to Choose" political action committee reported that Lummis was pro-choice after she completed a questionnaire during the 1990 election and the organization endorsed her during the 1992 election. Lummis said in the 1990s that abortion was a sin, but that it should not be illegal, because people can better evaluate their circumstances than the state.

In 2015, Lummis cosponsored and voted for legislation in the House to defund Planned Parenthood. The National Right to Life Committee endorsed her in the 2020 election and gave her a 100% anti-abortion rating during her tenure in the U.S. House of Representatives. She supported the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act. Lummis was given a 0% rating by NARAL Pro-Choice America in 2016.

Veterans

In 2022, Lummis was among the 11 senators who voted against the Honoring our PACT Act of 2022, a bill that funded research and benefits for up to 3.5 million veterans exposed to toxic substances during their service.

Personal life

Lummis met Alvin Wiederspahn while both were campaigning during the 1978 election; they married on May 28, 1983. Both later served in the Wyoming House of Representatives, one of the few married couples to do so, though Lummis is a Republican and Wiederspahn was a Democrat. She remained married to Wiederspahn, with whom she had one child, until his death on October 24, 2014.

Lummis has a net worth of $12.26 million as of 2015, but reported a net worth between $20 million and $75 million from 2007 to 2008. She is a Lutheran and adheres to the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod (LCMS).

Electoral history

References

References

1. "'Loomis' is a common mispronunciation of my name. My staff decided to have a little fun with it and start the "Hummus with Lummis" campaign here at our office. Stop by and grab a snack and remember, Lummis, it rhymes with Hummus!".
2. (September 13, 1989). "Cheyenne rancher eyes GOP gubernatorial run". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
3. "LUMMIS, Cynthia M.". [[United States House of Representatives]].
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34. (January 26, 1995). "An eye on the department". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
35. (February 28, 1997). "Lummis leaves governor's staff". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
36. (December 2, 1997). "Interim Lands director named". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
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44. (April 1, 1998). "Ohman: Urged to run for governor". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
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67. (January 30, 2004). "Officials deny targeting governor". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
68. (October 22, 2008). "Governor disputes Lummis' claims". [[Billings Gazette]].
69. (December 5, 2002). "Cubin-Akin recount off". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
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99. (September 20, 2017). "Lummis says she won't run for governor, upending the field and opening 'the floodgates'". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
100. (April 25, 2018). "Former Congressman Cynthia Lummis endorses Sam Galeotos". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
101. (December 18, 2018). "Leading contenders emerge to replace Zinke as Interior secretary". [[The Hill (newspaper).
102. (March 8, 2019). "Trump officially nominates David Bernhardt, a veteran lobbyist, to run Interior". [[The Washington Post]].
103. (February 5, 2009). "Lummis lands seat on ag committee". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
104. (January 30, 2009). "Lummis gets assignments". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
105. (December 10, 2010). "Lummis gets Appropriations seat". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
106. (January 29, 2013). "Lummis gets subcommittee assignments". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
107. (January 27, 2011). "Lummis gets vice chairman post". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
108. (December 10, 2012). "Lummis leaves powerful panel". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
109. (January 9, 2013). "Lummis chairs House subcommittee". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
110. (March 24, 2010). "Energy solution lies right under our feet". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
111. (March 5, 2011). "Caucus names Cynthia Lummis spokeswoman". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
112. (May 21, 2011). "Lummis named Western Caucus vice chair". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
113. (January 31, 2016). "Liz Cheney to announce bid for Wyoming's lone U.S. House seat Monday". [[Chicago Tribune]].
114. (April 25, 2018). "All-male Freedom Caucus anticipates new female member". [[Politico]].
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116. (July 22, 2013). "Signs that a fever is breaking". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
117. (September 25, 2015). "The Hard-Line Republicans Who Pushed John Boehner Out". [[FiveThirtyEight]].
118. (November 12, 2015). "Cynthia Lummis Will Not Seek Fifth Term in House". [[Roll Call]].
119. (June 12, 2015). "Lummis removed from whip team after trade vote". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
120. (September 3, 2008). "Lummis takes change in stride". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
121. (November 14, 2011). "Rep. Lummis endorses Romney". [[Wyoming Public Radio]].
122. (November 14, 2011). "Rep. Lummis to chair Wyoming campaign of Mitt Romney for president". [[Billings Gazette]].
123. (July 21, 2015). "Rand Paul recruits Lummis to help with campaign; plans Wyoming visit". [[Billings Gazette]].
124. (May 22, 2016). "Wyoming's D.C. delegation backing Trump". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
125. (June 13, 2007). "Two more join race". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
126. (June 20, 2007). "GOP selection: Minute by minute". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
127. (June 20, 2007). "3 political veterans best Mead in race". The Jackson Hole Guide.
128. (June 22, 2007). "Barrasso a Conservative Republican, Much in the Mold of Predecessor Thomas". [[The New York Times]].
129. (December 2, 2012). "'Running hard' for re-election". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
130. (June 20, 2019). "Former GOP Rep. Cynthia Lummis files to run for Wyoming Senate seat". [[The Hill (newspaper).
131. "2020 primary". [[Secretary of State of Wyoming]].
132. "2020 election". [[Secretary of State of Wyoming]].
133. (November 3, 2020). "Cynthia Lummis wins, will become first woman to represent Wyoming in U.S. Senate". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
134. (June 16, 2020). "Powered by PAC funding, Lummis outraises entire US Senate field". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
135. "Lummis campaign finance from 2019 to 2020". [[Federal Election Commission]].
136. "Ben-David campaign finance from 2019 to 2020". [[Federal Election Commission]].
137. (December 19, 2025). "Wyoming GOP Sen. Cynthia Lummis announces she won't seek re-election". [[NBC News]].
138. (February 5, 2021). "Lummis Receives Critical Committee Assignments for Wyoming Issues". The Cheyenne Post.
139. (October 4, 2021). "Rep. Hans Hunt resigns from Wyoming Legislature to join Lummis' staff". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
140. (January 6, 2021). "On the Objection (Shall the Objection Submitted by the Gentleman from Arizona, Mr. Gosar, and the Senator from Texas, Mr. Cruz, and Others Be Sustained?)". [[United States Senate]].
141. (January 6, 2021). "On the Objection (Shall the Objection Submitted by the Gentleman from Pennsylvania, Mr. Perry, and the Senator from Missouri, Mr. Hawley, Be Sustained?)". [[United States Senate]].
142. (February 13, 2021). "Guilty or Not Guilty (Article of Impeachment Against Former President Donald John Trump)". [[United States Senate]].
143. (March 6, 2021). "COVID-19 relief bill passes 50-49 in Senate, Sens. Barrasso and Lummis vote no". The Buckrail.
144. "U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 117th Congress - 1st Session".
145. Rogers, Alex. (April 14, 2021). "Senate advances bill to combat surge of anti-Asian hate crimes". CNN.
146. (July 19, 2023). "Sen. Cynthia Lummis: Crypto regulation bill could prevent another FTX-style crisis".
147. Shapero, Julia. (July 3, 2025). "Senate Republican unveils digital assets taxation package". The Hill.
148. (April 30, 2022). "Two Senators details new crypto legislation to create tax exemption for capital gains".
149. (2024). "How would a US bitcoin strategic reserve work?". Reuters.
150. Greeley, Brendan. (November 23, 2024). "The delusions behind a bitcoin strategic reserve". Financial Times.
151. (November 4, 2020). "Wyoming elects first Bitcoin owner to U.S. Senate". [[Forbes]].
152. Lindholm, Tyler. (April 9, 2023). "Lindholm: Wyoming is ahead of the curve on blockchain and cryptocurrencies".
153. (August 15, 2021). "Crypto's New Hero Is a MAGA-Loving, Rookie Senator". [[The Daily Beast]].
154. Li, Yun. (October 7, 2021). "Senator Cynthia Lummis discloses a bitcoin purchase worth up to $100,000".
155. (September 19, 2008). "Lummis opposes private bailouts". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
156. (October 11, 2008). "Lummis, Trauner camps debate Social Security". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
157. (October 29, 2008). "U.S. House - Pick 1 to serve 2 years". Jackson Hole News and Guide.
158. (March 10, 2010). "Lummis offers Social Security reform bill". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
159. (February 20, 2009). "Stimulus". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
160. (March 18, 2010). "Lummis: NPR must stand on its own". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
161. (May 2, 2010). "Candidates". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
162. (January 17, 2013). "Lummis votes against Superstorm Sandy relief bill". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
163. "Custodia Bank accuses Fed of favoritism toward BNY Mellon".
164. (November 28, 2022). "US lawmaker pushes bipartisan bill to regulate crypto". Financial Times.
165. (September 20, 2008). "Lummis: Everything on table to reduce fuel costs". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
166. (January 6, 1979). "Women take seats in '79 Legislature". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
167. (June 1, 2015). "Lummis leads effort behind an Equal Rights Amendment". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
168. (February 28, 2013). "Roll Call 55 Bill Number: S. 47". [[Clerk of the United States House of Representatives]].
169. (June 24, 2021). "Lummis, Van Hollen Introduce Bill to Name Cheyenne Federal Building after Women's Rights Pioneer Louisa Swain". The Cheyenne Post.
170. Downing, Jeremey. (September 20, 2025). "Sen. Lummis sparks conversation into scope of First Amendment Rights". [[KGWN-TV.
171. Everett, Burgess. (September 18, 2025). "Kimmel’s suspension prompts free-speech Republicans to reconsider their boundaries". [[Semafor (website).
172. (April 30, 2009). "House passes hate crimes bill". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
173. (April 30, 2009). "Hate crimes". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
174. "Cynthia Lummis GLAAD Accountability Project". [[GLAAD]].
175. (August 21, 2015). "Wyoming Lawmakers Combat Supreme Court's Gay Marriage Ruling". [[Wyoming Public Radio]].
176. (October 21, 2014). "Wyoming congressional delegation still opposes same-sex marriage". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
177. "111th Congressional scorecard". [[Human Rights Campaign]].
178. "112th Congressional scorecard". [[Human Rights Campaign]].
179. "113th Congressional scorecard". [[Human Rights Campaign]].
180. "114th Congressional scorecard". [[Human Rights Campaign]].
181. Turner, Trish. "Historic same-sex marriage bill advances in Senate".
182. (November 29, 2022). "12 Republican senators broke with their party and voted for a bill to protect same-sex marriage".
183. Schonfeld, Zach. (November 30, 2022). "Here are the 12 Senate Republicans who helped pass same-sex marriage bill".
184. (November 29, 2022). "Senate passes landmark Respect for Marriage Act in bipartisan vote".
185. maya.shimizuharris@trib.com, Maya Shimizu Harris 307-266-0505. (November 29, 2022). "Lummis doubles down on support for same-sex marriage protections".
186. (November 30, 2022). "Lummis Votes Yes On Same-Sex Marriage Bill".
187. (April 2, 2008). "Casper Star-Tribune poll". Jackson Hole News and Guide.
188. (July 12, 2010). "Wyo paves way for Cuba trade". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
189. (September 10, 2013). "Delegation skeptical on attack on Syria". Powell Tribune.
190. (September 13, 2013). "Wyoming lawmakers oppose military strike against Syria". [[Wyoming Public Radio]].
191. (October 8, 2008). "NRA - PVF Endorses Cynthia Lummis for U.S. House of Representatives in Wyoming". NRA-PVF.
192. (October 9, 2008). "NRA PAC endorses Lummis". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
193. (May 27, 2009). "Guns in park bill OK'd". Jackson Hole News and Guide.
194. (August 10, 2008). "Candidates: Keep health insurance private". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
195. (November 7, 2009). "FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 887". [[United States House of Representatives]].
196. (August 22, 2013). "Lummis will support removing funding from the Affordable Care Act".
197. (January 5, 2022). "Wyoming Sens. Lummis and Barrasso ask Supreme Court to halt worker vaccine mandate". [[Billings Gazette]].
198. "Eight Republican senators say they oppose 'no-fly' list for disruptive passengers because it would equate mask opponents to 'terrorists'". Washington Post.
199. (January 23, 1985). "House committee nixes bill funding abortion for health". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
200. (August 14, 1990). "Wyoming Right to Choose Candidate Survey Results". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
201. (October 4, 1992). "Right-to-abortion advocates endorse legislative candidates". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
202. (November 1, 1992). "Senate District 5". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
203. (September 22, 2015). "Wyoming delegation supports defunding Planned Parenthood". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
204. (August 18, 2020). "National Right to Life Endorses Cynthia Lummis for Election to the U.S. Senate from Wyoming". [[National Right to Life Committee]].
205. "Cynthia Lummis NARAL rating". [[NARAL Pro-Choice America]].
206. Nzanga, Merdie. "GOP senators vote against PACT act, a bill to help veterans impacted by toxic substances".
207. Dress, Brad. (August 3, 2022). "These 11 GOP senators voted against the Honoring Our Pact Act". The Hill.
208. (October 21, 1984). "Political opponents marry and run again". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
209. (February 14, 1985). "Cupid's arrows strike Capitol couple". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
210. (June 13, 2007). "Cynthia Lummis". [[Casper Star-Tribune]].
211. (October 26, 2014). "Cynthia Lummis: 'Our Hearts Are Broken' After Husband's Death". [[Roll Call]].
212. (December 13, 2011). "Wyoming Delegation: Rep. Cynthia Lummis among Richest Members of Congress". WyoFile.
213. "Estimated Net Worth 2008-2015". [[OpenSecrets]].
214. (January 5, 2015). "Lutherans in Congress".