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Cummingtonite

Silicate mineral

Field	Value
name	Cummingtonite
category	Inosilicate
image	Amphibole - Cummingtonite w- chlorite in schist Magnesium iron silicate 3800 foot level Homestake Mine Lawrence COunty South Dakota 2071.jpg
formula
IMAsymbol	Cum
strunz	9.DE.05
system	Monoclinic
class	Prismatic (2/m)
H-M symbol: (2/m)
symmetry	Monoclinic
Space group: C2/m
unit cell	a = 9.53 Å, b = 18.23 Å,
c = 5.32 Å; β = 101.97°; Z = 2
color	Dark green, brown, gray, beige; colorless to pale green in thin section
habit	Rarely as distinct crystals. Columnar to fibrous and granular
twinning	Simple and lamellar – common
cleavage	Good on {110} intersecting at 54 and 126°
fracture	Splintery
tenacity	Brittle
mohs	5–6
luster	Vitreous to silky
refractive	nα = 1.639–1.671
nβ = 1.647–1.689
nγ = 1.664–1.708
opticalprop	Biaxial (+)
birefringence	δ = 0.025–0.037
pleochroism	With increasing iron content, weak; X = Y = colorless; Z = pale green
2V	Measured: 65° to 90°, Calculated: 70° to 90°
gravity	3.1–3.6
diagnostic	Characterized by light brown color and needlelike, often radiating habit. Difficult to distinguish from anthophyllite or gedrite without optical and/or X-ray tests.
diaphaneity	Translucent, will transmit light on thin edges.
references

Note

the inosilicate mineral

H-M symbol: (2/m) Space group: C2/m c = 5.32 Å; β = 101.97°; Z = 2 nβ = 1.647–1.689 nγ = 1.664–1.708

Cummingtonite ( ) is a metamorphic amphibole with the chemical composition , magnesium iron silicate hydroxide.

Monoclinic cummingtonite is compositionally similar and polymorphic with orthorhombic anthophyllite, which is a much more common form of magnesium-rich amphibole, the latter being metastable.

Cummingtonite shares few compositional similarities with alkali amphiboles such as arfvedsonite, glaucophane-riebeckite. There is little solubility between these minerals due to different crystal habit and inability of substitution between alkali elements and ferro-magnesian elements within the amphibole structure.

Name and discovery

Fibrous, brownish crystals of cummingtonite – Locality: Dannemora Mine, Uppsala Län, Uppland, Sweden

Cummingtonite was named after the town of Cummington, Massachusetts, where it was discovered in 1824. It is also found in Sweden, South Africa, Scotland, and New Zealand.

Chemistry

Cummingtonite is a member of the cummingtonite-grunerite solid solution series which ranges from for magnesiocummingtonite to the iron rich grunerite endmember . Cummingtonite is used to describe minerals of this formula with between 30 and 70 per cent . Thus, cummingtonite is the series intermediate.

Manganese also substitutes for ) within cummingtonite amphibole, replacing B site atoms. These minerals are found in high-grade metamorphic banded iron formation and form a compositional series between (tirodite) and (dannemorite).

Calcium, sodium and potassium concentrations in cummingtonite are low. Cummingtonite tends toward more calcium substitution than related anthophyllite. Similarly, cummingtonite has lower ferric iron and aluminium than anthophyllite.

Amosite is a rare asbestiform variety of grunerite that was mined as asbestos only in the eastern part of the Transvaal Province of South Africa. The origin of the name is Amosa, the acronym for the mining company "Asbestos Mines of South Africa".

Occurrence

Cummingtonite is commonly found in metamorphosed magnesium-rich rocks and occurs in amphibolites. Usually it coexists with hornblende or actinolite, magnesium clinochlore chlorite, talc, serpentine-antigorite minerals or metamorphic pyroxene. Magnesium-rich cummingtonite can also coexist with anthophyllite.

Cummingtonite has also been found in some felsic volcanic rocks such as dacites. Manganese rich species can be found in metamorphosed Mn-rich rock units. The grunerite end member is characteristic of the metamorphosed iron formations of the Lake Superior region and the Labrador Trough. With prograde metamorphism cummingtonite and grunerite morph to members of the olivine and pyroxene series.

References

Warr, L.N.. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine.
(1997). "Handbook of Mineralogy". Mineralogical Society of America.
"Cummingtonite". Mindat.
"Cummingtonite". Webmineral.
"Cummingtonite". IMA Master List.
[[Chester Dewey]], "A Sketch of the Geology and Mineralogy of the Western Part of Massachusetts, and a Small Part of Adjoining States", in ''American Journal of Science'', first series, vol. 8, part 2, 1824, p. 1-60

Info: Wikipedia Source

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amphibole-group magnesium-minerals iron(ii)-minerals asbestos

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