Cumberland County, New Jersey

History

Etymology

The county is named for Prince William, Duke of Cumberland who is best remembered for his role in putting down the Jacobite Rising at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, which made him immensely popular throughout parts of Britain.

Pre-settlement

The first people to populate Cumberland County were early descendants of the Lenape, also known as the Delaware, who include all Native American people who have lived in New Jersey Water sources such as the Cohansey River and Maurice River made Cumberland County a resourceful environment for early native groups to utilize. Archaeological materials such as stone tools and pottery have been excavated in sites in Bridgeton and in Fairfield, Greenwich and Stow Creek townships. Some of the earliest cultures that inhabited Cumberland County utilized clovis spear points which date to the Paleoindian period (10,000 BC to 8000 BC). As the climate switched from a tundra to woodlands during the archaic period (8000 BC to 1000 BC), ancestors of the Lenape developed axe technology, and later pottery during the woodland period (1000 BC to 1600 AD). The prehistoric period ended when European exploration and settlement arrived in the area bringing with it greater technology which ultimately supplanted much of the Native populations. Today, many Lenape people still reside in Cumberland County, such as the Nanticoke tribe who make up the Native American people from Southern New Jersey and the Delmarva Peninsula.

History

Early European settlement began with the Swedish who called what is now New Jersey New Sweden during the first half of the 17th century. Prior to the United States gaining its independence from Great Britain, Cumberland County was deemed separate from Salem County in 1748 and was named after the Duke of Cumberland. Cumberland County's economic exploits were agricultural and manufacturing, more specifically the county focused on fruits and vegetables, as well as glassware and preserved foods.

America's early successes in glassmaking began in Southern New Jersey during the 18th century and eventually led to John Landis Mason of Vineland New Jersey to invent the mason jar for storing and preserving food at home during the 1850s. Cumberland County's population has historically been "majority-minority". Cumberland County went from holding one hundred and twenty enslaved people in 1790, to two by 1830. Cumberland County included several towns settled by Black Americans many of whom escaped slavery. Parts of the county were used for the Underground Railroad, and housed Harriet Tubman and William Still.

Maritime history

In addition to agriculture and glassware, Cumberland County is known for its maritime industries. Its main maritime export was oysters until the 1950s when disease destroyed the oyster population. With the oyster industry came shipbuilding in 1780. Later, the industrial revolution and railroad development increased the number of ships and the types of ships being made. By the late 19th century, ships switched from the sloop model to the schooner to be more useful for oystering.

Whaling was also an industry in Cumberland County until 1775 when settlers turned to livestock, farming, and trapping. Caviar was a short-lived industry in the area from the 1860s to 1925, when sturgeon had been overfished. There are 19th and 20th century maritime related artifacts such as ship models, building plans, tools, and rigging equipment at the John Dubois Maritime Museum in Bridgeton.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, as of the 2020 Census, the county had a total area of 677.85 sqmi, of which 483.36 sqmi was land (71.3%) and 194.49 sqmi was water (28.7%). Cumberland is a low-lying, generally featureless coastal county, with many salt marshes near the Delaware Bay. The highest elevation is at one of 12 areas in Upper Deerfield Township that stand approximately 140 ft above sea level; the lowest elevation is sea level.

Climate and weather

|Bridgeton, New Jersey |25|41|3.55 |28|44|2.94 |34|52|4.30 |43|63|4.00 |53|73|3.75 |63|82|4.20 |68|87|4.07 |66|85|4.11 |59|78|4.26 |47|67|3.59 |39|56|3.26 |30|45|3.98 |access-date=October 13, 2012 In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Bridgeton have ranged from a low of 25 F in January to a high of 87 F in July, although a record low of -13 F was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of 101 F was recorded in July 1966. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.94 in in February to 4.30 in in March. Cumberland has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa).

Demographics

1970-2010 2010 2020 | align-fn = center

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 154,152. The median age was 38.2 years. 23.2% of residents were under the age of 18 and 15.9% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 104.6 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 105.3 males age 18 and over.

The racial makeup of the county was 48.4% White, 18.5% Black or African American, 1.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.4% Asian,

75.5% of residents lived in urban areas, while 24.5% lived in rural areas.

There were 52,649 households in the county, of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 41.0% were married-couple households, 17.7% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 32.2% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 57,119 housing units, of which 7.8% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 62.7% were owner-occupied and 37.3% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 5.9%.

According to the 2019 American Community Survey 1-year estimates, the median household income was $54,587, and the median family income was $65,022. About 13.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.1% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

Racial and ethnic composition

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 156,898 people, 51,931 households, and 36,559 families in the county. The population density was 324.4 PD/sqmi. There were 55,834 housing units at an average density of 115.4 /sqmi. The racial makeup was 62.74% (98,430) White, 20.23% (31,741) Black or African American, 1.11% (1,746) Native American, 1.22% (1,907) Asian, 0.04% (59) Pacific Islander, 11.15% (17,492) from other races, and 3.52% (5,523) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 27.06% (42,457) of the population.

Of the 51,931 households, 31.4% had children under the age of 18; 45.2% were married couples living together; 18.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 29.6% were non-families. Of all households, 24% were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.26.

Of the population, 24% were under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.5 years. For every 100 females, the population had 106.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 106.9 males.

Economy

The Bureau of Economic Analysis calculated that the county's gross domestic product was $5.9 billion in 2021, which was ranked 17th in the state and was a 3.8% increase from the prior year.

Government

County government

Cumberland County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners which is comprised of seven members who are elected at large by the citizens of Cumberland County in partisan elections and serve staggered three-year terms in office, with either two or three seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. Each Commissioner is assigned responsibility for one of the county's departments. In 2016, freeholders were paid $15,000 and the freeholder director was paid an annual salary of $16,000.

, members of the Cumberland County Board of County Commissioners (with party affiliation, residence, and term-end year listed in parentheses) are (with terms for director and deputy director ending every December 31):

Pursuant to Article VII Section II of the New Jersey State Constitution, each county in New Jersey has three elected administrative officials known as "constitutional officers." These officers are the County Clerk and County Surrogate (both elected for five-year terms of office) and the County Sheriff (elected for a three-year term). The county's constitutional officers are:

The Cumberland County Prosecutor is Jennifer Webb-McRae of Vineland. First nominated by Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine in January 2010, Webb-McRae was nominated for a second five-year term by Chris Christie in November 2016 and sworn into office after confirmation in January 2017. Cumberland County is a part of Vicinage 15 of the New Jersey Superior Court (along with Gloucester County and Salem County), seated in Woodbury in Gloucester County; the Assignment Judge for the vicinage is Benjamin C. Telsey. The Cumberland County Courthouse is in Bridgeton.

In January 2023, John P. Capizola Jr. was appointed to fill the commissioner seat expiring in December 2023 that had been held by George Castellini until he resigned from office earlier that month.

Federal representatives

New Jersey's 2nd congressional district includes all of Cumberland County.

State representatives

The 14 municipalities of Cumberland County are part of two legislative districts.

Law enforcement

The New Jersey Department of Corrections operates three correctional facilities in the county: Bayside State Prison, South Woods State Prison, and Southern State Correctional Facility. The three facilities employ 1,500 people and house one of every three state prisoners. In 2007, while the state was preparing to close Riverfront State Prison in Camden, it considered establishing a fourth state prison in Cumberland County.

Politics

Cumberland County tends to be a swing county with Republicans holding most countywide and state legislative offices, as well as the one congressional district that covers the county. Since 1936, the county has voted for the national winner of the presidential election all but five times. It voted Democratic from 1992 to 2020. County margins for Democrats have shrank since peaking in 2012.

In 2012, the county voted for Democrat Barack Obama by 24%. The county shifted 18% rightward from 2012 to 2016, despite the state shifting right by just 4%. In 2020, Democrat Joe Biden only won the county by 6%, even as he won New Jersey by 16%. In 2024, the county voted Republican for the first time since 1988. The county also voted Republican in the concurrent 2024 U.S. Senate election in New Jersey, for the first time since 1972.

As of April 1, 2024 there were a total of 96,165 registered voters in Cumberland County, of whom 31,945 (33.2%) were registered as Democrats, 23,867 (24.8%) were registered as Republicans, and 38,531 (40.1%) were registered as unaffiliated. There were 1,822 voters (1.9%) registered to other parties.

State elections

Municipalities

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The 14 municipalities in Cumberland County (with most 2010 Census data for population, housing units, and area) are:

Transportation

Airports

The following public-use airports are located in Cumberland County:

• Bucks Airport (00N) in Bridgeton
• Millville Municipal Airport (MIV) in Millville
• Kroelinger Airport (29N) in Vineland

Roads and highways

, the county had a total of 1271.74 mi of roadways, of which 643.65 mi were maintained by the local municipality, 539.14 mi by Cumberland County and 88.95 mi by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.

Cumberland is served only by state and county routes. Major county routes that pass through include County Route 540, County Route 548 (only in Maurice River Township), County Route 550, County Route 552, County Route 553, and County Route 555.

State routes include Route 47, Route 49, Route 55, Route 56, Route 77, and Route 347. Route 55 is the only limited-access road in the county which provides access to Interstate 76, Interstate 295, and the Philadelphia area to the north.

Parks and recreation

The only YMCA in the county is the Cumberland Cape Atlantic YMCA in Vineland. In 2001, the board of directors of what was the Vineland YMCA changed the name to include Atlantic County and Cape May County as the members wanted the Vineland YMCA to reflect a wider group of communities.

Winery

• Cedar Rose Vineyards

Education

School districts include:

;K-12:

• Bridgeton Public Schools
• Millville Public Schools
• Salem County Special Services School District
• Vineland Public Schools

;Secondary:

• Cumberland County Vocational School District
• Cumberland Regional School District

;Elementary:

• Commercial Township School District
• Deerfield Township School District
• Downe Township School District
• Fairfield Township School District
• Greenwich Township School District
• Hopewell Township School District
• Maurice River Township School District
• Stow Creek School District
• Upper Deerfield Township Schools

References

References

1. [https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2020/2020%20pl94%20Tables/2020_PL94_Summary/Table_1_2020.xlsx Table1. New Jersey Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships: 2020 and 2010 Censuses], [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]]. Accessed December 1, 2022.
2. a decrease of 2,746 (−1.8%) from the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]] count of 156,898. The [[United States Census Bureau]]'s [[Population Estimates Program]] estimated a 2024 population of 155,678, an increase of 1,526 (+1.0%) from the 2020 decennial census. Its [[county seat]] is [[Bridgeton, New Jersey|Bridgeton]].[https://www.nj.gov/state/archives/catctytable.html New Jersey County Map], [[New Jersey Department of State]]. Accessed December 22, 2022.
3. Baehr, Judy. [https://www.cumberlandcountynj.gov/content/22596/23487/23497/24138.aspx "Cumberland – A County Born of Hope, Optimism"], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed June 5, 2023. "The county was named for William Augustus, the second son of King George II. As the Duke of Cumberland in 1746, he had defeated the Stuart Pretender, Charles Edward (Bonnie Prince Charlie), at the battle of Culloden and established the House of Hanover on the British throne."
4. [http://www.getnj.com/origname/orignamec.shtml The Origin of New Jersey Place Names: C], GetNJ.com. Accessed December 13, 2007.
5. Snyder, John P. [https://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/enviroed/oldpubs/bulletin67.pdf ''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968''], Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 78. Accessed September 30, 2013.
6. Willis, David P. [https://www.app.com/story/news/local/new-jersey/2023/02/20/central-jersey-debate-ocean-union-county-nj/69914996007/ "'This is how wars start': Does Central Jersey include both Ocean and Union counties?"], ''[[Asbury Park Press]]'', February 20, 2023. Accessed March 31, 2024. "North Jersey is defined as Sussex, Warren, Morris, Passaic, Bergen, Essex, and Hudson counties; South Jersey would be Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, Atlantic, Salem, Cumberland, and Cape May counties. But for Central, things get a little tricky. It would include Hunterdon, Somerset, Union, Middlesex, Mercer, Monmouth, and Ocean counties."
7. [https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro/reference-maps/2020/state-maps/34_NewJersey_2020.pdf New Jersey: 2020 Core Based Statistical Areas and Counties], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed December 22, 2022.
8. [https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/bulletins/2013/b13-01.pdf Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas], [[Office of Management and Budget]], February 28, 2013. Accessed October 3, 2013.
9. "Prehistorical Museum".
10. Skinner, Alanson and Max Schrabisch, 1913. A Preliminary Report of the Archeological Survey of the State of New Jersey. Bulletin 9, Geological Survey of New Jersey, Trenton. p. 54-57.
11. Kraft, Herbert. (2001). "The Lenape-Delaware Indian Heritage 10,000 BC to AD 2000". Lenape Books.
12. "About Us – Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Tribal Nation".
13. (2012). "New Jersey: A History of the Garden State". Rutgers University Press.
14. [https://www.cumberlandcountynj.gov/history Cumberland County is Born], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed June 5, 2023. "The Colonial Legislature, at a session held January 30, 1748, passed an Act stipulating the east side of Salem County as a new county to be known as Cumberland."
15. "Cumberland {{!}} county, New Jersey, United States {{!}} Britannica".
16. Matchar, Emily. "A Brief History of the Mason Jar".
17. Watson, Penelope. (2020). "The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia". Rutgers University.
18. Baehr, Judy. [https://www.cumberlandcountynj.gov/content/22596/23487/23497/24137.aspx "County's Towns Are What Makes the Region Tick"], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed June 5, 2023.
19. "A Journey to Springtown".
20. "VIMS study uncovers new cause for intensification of oyster disease".
21. McCay, Bonnie J.. (March 1, 1998). "Oyster Wars and the Public Trust". University of Arizona Press.
22. (March 1, 1998). "Riparian Rights and Oyster Wars on the Delaware Bay". University of Arizona Press.
23. Sebold, Kimberly R.. (1991). "Historic themes and resources within the New Jersey coastal heritage trail: southern New Jersey and the Delaware Bay: Cape May, Cumberland, and Salem counties". U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record.
24. "The John DuBois Maritime Museum".
25. [https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_counties_34.txt 2020 Census Gazetteer File for Counties in New Jersey], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed April 1, 2023.
26. [https://www.peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=13320 New Jersey County High Points], Peakbagger.com. Accessed October 3, 2013.
27. 9780934213486. Accessed October 3, 2013.
28. [https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-32.pdf#page=32 ''New Jersey: 2010 - Population and Housing Unit Counts; 2010 Census of Population and Housing''], p. 6, CPH-2-32. [[United States Census Bureau]], August 2012. Accessed August 29, 2016.
29. [https://archive.today/20200212102228/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US34011 DP1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Cumberland County, New Jersey], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed March 26, 2016.
30. [https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/cumberlandcountynewjersey QuickFacts Cumberland County, New Jersey], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed March 17, 2025.
31. [https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2020/2020%20pl94%20Tables/2020_Mun/MCD%200_All.pdf Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities], [[New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development]]. Accessed December 1, 2022.
32. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)".
33. (2021). "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)".
34. (2023). "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)".
35. (2019). "INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (S1901) {{!}} Cumberland County (ACS 1-Year)".
36. (2019). "POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (S1701) {{!}} Cumberland County (ACS 1-Year)".
37. "1980 Census of Population - General Social and Economic Characteristics - New Jersey- Table 16 - Total Persons and Spanish Origin Persons by Type of Spanish Origin and Race".
38. "1990 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - New Jersey: Table 4, Table 5, Table 6 - Race and Hispanic Origin".
39. "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Cumberland County, New Jersey".
40. "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Cumberland County, New Jersey".
41. "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Cumberland County, New Jersey".
42. included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
43. included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
44. not an option in the 1980 Census
45. not an option in the 1990 Census
46. [https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/lagdp1222.pdf Gross Domestic Product by County, 2021], [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]], released December 8, 2022. Accessed July 17, 2023.
47. [https://www.cumberlandcountynj.gov/freeholders Board of County Commissioners], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed June 5, 2023. "By law, Cumberland County is allowed 7 County Commissioners, who serve staggered, overlapping three-year terms. Two are elected in two successive years, three in the third year, elected from the county at-large, for three-year, overlapping terms. A Director of the Board is selected by their colleagues for a one-year term. Each County Commissioner is charged with responsibility for one or more of the county's seven departments."
48. Gallo Jr., Bill. [https://www.nj.com/news/2016/03/how_much_your_county_freeholders_others_in_nj_earn.html "Which N.J. county freeholders are paid the most?"], [[NJ.com]], March 11, 2016. Accessed October 25, 2017. "Freeholder director: $16,000; Other freeholders: $15,000"
49. [https://www.cumberlandcountynj.gov/filestorage/23465/Directory_2022.pdf ''2022 Directory of Cumberland County, New Jersey''], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
50. [https://www.cumberlandcountynj.gov/filestorage/22641/22643/22761/22763/2022.pdf 2022 County Data Sheet], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
51. [https://ccclerknj.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/SUMMARY-REPORT.pdf Election Summary Report Cumberland County General Election November 8, 2022 General Election Official Results], Cumberland County, New Jersey, updated November 28, 2022. Accessed January 1, 2023.
52. [https://ccclerknj.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/SUMMARY-REPORT-1.pdf Election Summary Report General Election November 2, 2021], Cumberland County, New Jersey, updated November 19, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.
53. [https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/NJ/Cumberland/107141/web.264614/#/summary General Election November 3, 2020 Official Results], Cumberland County, New Jersey, updated November 19, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.
54. [https://www.cumberlandcountynj.gov/content/22596/23543/38283/default.aspx Commissioner Joseph V. Sileo], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
55. [https://www.cumberlandcountynj.gov/content/22596/23543/38285/default.aspx Commissioner Antonio Romero], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
56. [https://www.cumberlandcountynj.gov/douglas-albrecht Commissioner Douglas Albrecht], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
57. [https://www.cumberlandcountynj.gov/Victoria-Groetsch-Lods Commissioner Victoria Groetsch-Lods], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
58. [https://cumberlandcountynj.gov/carol-musso Commissioner Carol Musso], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
59. [https://cumberlandcountynj.gov/donna-pearson Commissioner Donna M. Pearson], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
60. [https://www.cumberlandcountynj.gov/john-capizola Commissioner John Capizola Jr.], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
61. [https://www.nj.gov/state/archives/docconst47.html#page16 New Jersey State Constitution (1947), Article VII, Section II, Paragraph 2], [[New Jersey Department of State]]. Accessed February 27, 2022.
62. [https://ccclerknj.com/about-us/celeste-riley/ County Clerk: Celeste M. Riley], Cumberland County Clerk's Office. Accessed February 1, 2023.
63. [https://coanj.com/member-list/clerks/ Members List: Clerks], Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
64. [https://ccsonj.opsnetwork.org/ Sheriff's Office], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed August 15, 2024.
65. [https://coanj.com/member-list/sheriffs/ Members List: Sheriffs], Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed August 15, 2024.
66. [https://www.cumberlandcountynj.gov/content/22602/23182/default.aspx Cumberland County Surrogate Office], Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed August 15, 2024.
67. [https://coanj.com/member-list/surrogates/ Members List: Surrogates], Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
68. [https://njccpo.org/commandstaff/bio/12 Prosecutor Jennifer Webb-McRae], Cumberland County Prosecutor's Office. Accessed August 14, 2022. "In January of 2010, Jennifer was nominated by Governor Jon S. Corzine to be the first African American, first female Prosecutor of Cumberland County.... In November of 2016, Governor Chris Christie nominated Prosecutor Webb-McRae for a second five year term as Cumberland County Prosecutor. In January of 2017, Prosecutor Webb-McRae was sworn in becoming the first full-time Prosecutor in Cumberland County to serve a second term."
69. [http://www.state.nj.us/governor/news/news/552016/approved/20161121b.html "Governor Chris Christie Files Nominations and Direct Appointments"], [[Governor of New Jersey]] [[Chris Christie]], press release dated November 21, 2016. Accessed October 25, 2017. "Cumberland County Prosecutor - Nominate for reappointment Jennifer Webb-McRae (Vineland, Cumberland)"
70. [https://www.judiciary.state.nj.us/courts/vicinages/cumglosal.html Cumberland/Gloucester/Salem Counties], New Jersey Courts. Accessed October 23, 2017.
71. Smith, Joseph P. [https://www.thedailyjournal.com/story/news/local/2023/01/20/cumberland-county-democrats-name-john-capizola-george-castellini-board-commissioners-2023-vacancy/69823830007/ "Vineland resident picked to fill county commissioner position"],''[[Daily Journal (New Jersey). Daily Journal]]'', January 20, 2023. Accessed February 15, 2023. "Cumberland County Democrats have chosen Vineland resident John P. Capizola Jr. to serve out an unexpired, one-year term on the county Board of Commissioners.... The opening was created with the resignation on Jan. 6 of Democratic Commissioner George Castellini."
72. [http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/leg-cong-district-info/2012-congressional-districts-by-county.pdf 2012 Congressional Districts by County], [[New Jersey Department of State]] Division of Elections. Accessed October 3, 2013.
73. [http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/2012-congressional-districts/njcd-2011-plan-components-county-mcd.pdf Plan Components Report], [[New Jersey Department of State]] Division of Elections, December 23, 2011. Accessed October 3, 2013.
74. "New Jersey Legislative Roster of Members {{!}} NJ Legislature".
75. Barlas, Thomas. [https://pressofatlanticcity.com/news/local/cumberland-county-banking-on-prisons-for-economic-stability/article_e13da05f-ab67-5e47-bc7e-b3279ec994a7.html "Cumberland County banking on prisons for economic stability"], ''[[The Press of Atlantic City]]'', July 3, 2013. Accessed August 14, 2022. "South Woods State Prison in Bridgeton is one of three state prisons in Cumberland County. About a third of New Jersey's state prison population is housed in South Woods and Bayside State Prison and Southern State Correctional Facility. Those three prisons also employ more than 1,500 Cumberland County residents, making it likely the largest employer in Cumberland County."
76. Daily Journal]]''. June 23, 2007. A1 News. Accessed September 27, 2011. "The county already is home to South Woods State Prison in Bridgeton, Southern State Correctional Facility in Delmont, and Bayside State Prison in Leesburg."
77. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".
78. [https://www.nj.gov/state/elections/assets/pdf/svrs-reports/2024/2024-04-voter-registration-by-county.pdf Statewide Voter Registration Summary by County], [[New Jersey Department of State]], updated April 1, 2024. Accessed September 24, 2024.
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83. [http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/mileage_Cumberland.pdf Cumberland County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction], [[New Jersey Department of Transportation]], May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
84. (February 28, 2018). "Cumberland Cape Atlantic YMCA installs new board officers". [[The Daily Journal (New Jersey).
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86. [https://homeroom5.doe.state.nj.us/directory/district.php?source=01&county=cumberland New Jersey School Directory for Cumberland County], [[New Jersey Department of Education]]. Accessed August 1, 2022.
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