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CPU socket

Circuit board-microprocessor connection

In computer hardware, a CPU socket or CPU slot contains one or more mechanical components providing mechanical and electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed circuit board (PCB). This allows for placing and replacing the central processing unit (CPU) without soldering.

Common sockets have retention clips that apply a constant force, which must be overcome when a device is inserted. For chips with many pins, zero insertion force (ZIF) sockets are preferred. Common sockets include pin grid array (PGA) or land grid array (LGA). These designs apply a compression force once either a handle (PGA type) or a surface plate (LGA type) is put into place. This provides superior mechanical retention while avoiding the risk of bending pins when inserting the chip into the socket.

CPU sockets are used on the motherboard in desktop and server computers. Because they allow easy swapping of components, they are also used for prototyping new circuits. Laptops typically use surface-mount CPUs, which take up less space on the motherboard than a socketed part.

As the pin density increases in modern sockets, increasing demands are placed on the printed circuit board fabrication technique, which permits the large number of signals to be successfully routed to nearby components. Likewise, within the chip carrier, the wire bonding technology also becomes more demanding with increasing pin counts and pin densities. Each socket technology will have specific reflow soldering requirements. As CPU and memory frequencies increase, above 30 MHz or thereabouts, electrical signalling increasingly shifts to differential signaling over parallel buses, bringing a new set of signal integrity challenges. The evolution of the CPU socket amounts to a coevolution of all these technologies in tandem.

Modern CPU sockets are almost always designed in conjunction with a heat sink mounting system, or, in lower power devices, other thermal considerations.

Function

A CPU socket is made of plastic, and often comes with a lever or latch, and with metal contacts for each of the pins or lands on the CPU. Many packages are keyed to ensure the proper insertion of the CPU. CPUs with a PGA (pin grid array) package are inserted into the socket and, if included, the latch is closed. CPUs with an LGA (land grid array) package are inserted into the socket, the latch plate is flipped into position atop the CPU, and the lever is lowered and locked into place, pressing the CPU's contacts firmly against the socket's lands and ensuring a good connection, as well as increased mechanical stability.

List

80x86

Table legend:

Socket
name	Year of introduction	CPU families supported	Computer type	Package	Pin count	Pin pitch
(mm)	Bus clock &
transfers	Notes	DIP	PLCC	PGA68	PGA132	PGA168	Socket 1	Socket 2	Socket 3	Socket 4	Socket 5	Socket 6	Socket 463/
Socket NexGen	Socket 7	Socket 8	Slot 1	Super Socket 7	Slot 2	Socket 615	Slot A	Socket 370	Socket A/
Socket 462	Socket 423	Socket 495	Socket 603	Socket 478/
Socket N	Socket 563	Socket 604	Socket 754	Socket 940	Socket 479	Socket 939	LGA 775/
Socket T	Socket M	LGA 771/
Socket J	Socket S1	Socket AM2	Socket F/
Socket L (Socket 1207FX)	Socket AM2+	Socket P	LGA 1366/
Socket B	Socket AM3	rPGA 988A/
Socket G1	LGA 1156/
Socket H	Socket G34	Socket C32	LGA 1567/
Socket LS	LGA 1155/
Socket H2	LGA 2011/
Socket R	rPGA 988B/
Socket G2	Socket FM1	Socket FS1	Socket AM3+	LGA 1356/
Socket B2	Socket FM2	LGA 1150/
Socket H3	rPGA 946B/947/
Socket G3	Socket FM2+	Socket AM1	LGA 2011-v3	LGA 1151/
Socket H4	LGA 3647	Socket AM4	Socket SP3	Socket TR4/
Socket SP3r2	LGA 2066/
Socket R4	Socket sTRX4/
Socket SP3r3	LGA 4189	LGA 1200	LGA 1700	Socket sWRX8	Socket AM5	Socket SP5	LGA 4677	Socket SP6	Socket sTR5	LGA 1851	LGA 4710	LGA 7529	Socket
name	Year of introduction	CPU families supported	Computer type	Package	Pin count	Pin pitch
(mm)	Bus clock &
transfers	Notes
1970s	Intel 8086
Intel 8088		DIP	40	2.54	5/10 MHz
1982	Intel 80186
Intel 80286
Intel 80386		PLCC	68 to 132	1.27	6–40 MHz	1982 for this use
1982	Intel 80286		PGA	68
1985	Intel 80386		PGA	132
1989	Intel 80486
AMD 486
Cyrix 486		PGA	168	2.54	16–50 MHz	Sometimes referred to as Socket 0 or Socket 486
1989	Intel 80486
AMD 486
AMD 5x86
Cyrix 486
Cyrix 5x86		PGA	169	2.54	16–50 MHz
1990s	Intel 80486
Intel Pentium OverDrive (P24T)
Intel DX4
AMD 486
AMD 5x86
Cyrix 486
Cyrix 5x86		PGA	238	2.54	16–50 MHz
1991	Intel 80486
Intel Pentium OverDrive (P24T)
Intel DX4
AMD 486
AMD 5x86
Cyrix 486
Cyrix 5x86
IBM Blue Lightning		PGA	237	2.54	16–50 MHz
1993	Intel Pentium		PGA	273	?	60–100 MHz
1994	Intel Pentium
AMD K5
Cyrix 6x86
IDT WinChip C6
IDT WinChip 2		PGA	320	?	50–100 MHz
?	Intel 80486		PGA	235	?	?	Designed but not used
1994	NexGen Nx586		PGA	463	?	37.5–66 MHz
1995	Intel Pentium
Intel Pentium MMX
AMD K6		PGA	321	?	50–66 MHz	It is possible to use Socket 7 processors in a Socket 5. An adapter is required, or if one is careful, a socket 7 can be pulled off its pins and put onto a socket 5 board, allowing the use of socket 7 processors.
1995	Intel Pentium Pro		PGA	387	?	60–66 MHz
1997	Intel Pentium II
Intel Pentium III	Desktop	Slot	242	?	66–133 MHz	Celeron (Covington, Mendocino)
Pentium II (Klamath, Deschutes)
Pentium III (Katmai)- all versions
Pentium III (coppermine)
1998	AMD K6-2
AMD K6-III
Rise mP6
Cyrix MII		PGA	321	?	66–100 MHz	Backward compatible with Socket 5 and Socket 7 processors.
1998	Intel Pentium II Xeon
Intel Pentium III Xeon	Server	Slot	330	?	100–133 MHz
1999	Intel Mobile Pentium II
Intel Mobile Celeron	Notebook	PGA	615	?	66 MHz
1999	AMD Athlon	Desktop	Slot	242	?	100 MHz
1999	Intel Pentium III
Intel Celeron
VIA Cyrix III
VIA C3	Desktop	PGA	370	1.27	66–133 MHz
2000	AMD Athlon
AMD Duron
AMD Athlon XP
AMD Athlon XP-M
AMD Athlon MP
AMD Sempron	Desktop	PGA	462	?	100–200 MHz
400 MT/s
2000	Intel Pentium 4	Desktop	PGA	423	1	100 MHz
400 MT/s	Willamette core only.
Can accept some of Socket 478 CPU with an adapter
2000	Intel Celeron
Intel Pentium III	Notebook	PGA	495	1.27	66–133 MHz
2001	Intel Xeon	Server	PGA	603	title=mPGA 604 Socket Mechanical Design Guide	url=http://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/designguide/254239.pdf	url-status=dead	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617125517/http://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/designguide/254239.pdf	archive-date=June 17, 2009	access-date=May 3, 2009	website=Intel}}	100–133 MHz
400–533 MT/s
2001	Intel Pentium 4
Intel Celeron
Intel Pentium 4 EE
Intel Pentium 4 M	Desktop	PGA	478	1.27	100–200 MHz
400–800 MT/s
2002	AMD Athlon XP-M	Notebook	PGA	563	?	333 MHz
2002	Intel Xeon	Server	PGA	604	1.27	100–266 MHz
400–1066 MT/s
2003	AMD Athlon 64
AMD Sempron
AMD Turion 64	Desktop	PGA	754	1.27	200–800 MHz
2003	AMD Opteron
AMD Athlon 64 FX	Desktop
Server	PGA	940	title=AMD Opteron Processor Product Data Sheet	url=https://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/23932.pdf	url-status=dead	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117205146/https://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/23932.pdf	archive-date=January 17, 2009	access-date=May 3, 2009	website=AMD	language=en-US}}	200–1000 MHz
2003	Intel Pentium M
Intel Celeron M	Notebook	PGA	479	?	100–133 MHz
400–533 MT/s
2004	AMD Athlon 64
AMD Athlon 64 FX
AMD Athlon 64 X2
AMD Opteron	Desktop	PGA	939	1.27	200–1000 MHz	Support of Athlon 64 FX to 1 GHz
Support of Opteron limited to 100-series only
2004	Intel Pentium 4
Intel Pentium D
Intel Celeron
Intel Celeron D
Intel Pentium XE
Intel Core 2 Duo
Intel Core 2 Quad
Intel Xeon	Desktop	LGA	775	1.09 x 1.17	1600 MHz	Can accept LGA 771 CPU with slight modification and use of an adapter
2006	Intel Core Solo
Intel Core Duo
Intel Dual-Core Xeon
Intel Core 2 Duo	Notebook	PGA	478	?	133–166 MHz
533–667 MT/s	Replaces Socket 479
2006	Intel Xeon	Server	LGA	771	1.09 x 1.17	1600 MHz	See LGA 775/Socket T above
2006	AMD Turion 64 X2	Notebook	PGA	638	1.27	200–800 MHz
2006	AMD Athlon 64
AMD Athlon 64 X2	Desktop	PGA	940	title=AMD Opteron Processor Product Data Sheet	url=https://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/23932.pdf	url-status=dead	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117205146/https://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/23932.pdf	archive-date=January 17, 2009	access-date=May 3, 2009	website=AMD}}	200–1000 MHz	Replaces Socket 754 and Socket 939
2006	AMD Athlon 64 FX
AMD Opteron
(Socket L only support Athlon 64 FX)	Desktop
Server	LGA	1207	1.1	Socket L: 1000 MHz in Single CPU mode,
2000 MHz in Dual CPU mode	Replaces Socket 940
Socket L was intended for enthusiasts who wanted server power in a desktop PC. It is just a re-branded Socket F that doesn't need special RAM, and may have only been used in the Asus L1N64-SLI WS Motherboard.
2007	AMD Athlon 64
AMD Athlon X2
AMD Phenom
AMD Phenom II	Desktop	PGA	940	1.27	200–2600 MHz	Separated power planes
Replaces Socket AM2
AM2+ Pkg. CPUs can work in Socket AM2
AM2 Pkg. CPUs can work in Socket AM2+
2007	Intel Core 2	Notebook	PGA	478	?	133–266 MHz
533–1066 MT/s	Replaces Socket M
2008	Intel Core i7 (900 series)
Intel Xeon (35xx, 36xx, 55xx, 56xx series)	Desktop
Server	LGA	1366	?	4.8–6.4 GT/s	Replaces Socket J (LGA 771) in the entry level.
2009	AMD Phenom II
AMD Athlon II
AMD Sempron
AMD Opteron (1300 series)	Desktop	PGA	title=Socket AM3 design Specification	url=http://support.amd.com/us/Processor_TechDocs/40523.pdf	url-status=dead	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121112525/http://support.amd.com/us/Processor_TechDocs/40523.pdf	archive-date=January 21, 2012	access-date=January 5, 2012	website=AMD}}	1.27	200–3200 MHz	Separated power planes
Replaces Socket AM2+
AM3 Pkg. CPUs can work in Socket AM2/AM2+
Sempron 140 only
2009	Intel Clarksfield
Intel Arrandale	Notebook	rPGA	988	1	2.5 GT/s	Replaces Socket P
2009	Intel Nehalem (1st gen)
Intel Westmere	Desktop	LGA	1156	?	2.5 GT/s	DMI bus is a (perhaps modified) PCIe x4 v1.1 interface
2010	AMD Opteron (6000 series)	Server	LGA	1974	?	200–3200 MHz	Replaces Socket F
2010	AMD Opteron (4000 series)	Server	LGA	1207	?	200–3200 MHz	Replaces Socket F, Socket AM3
2010	Intel Xeon 6500/7500-series	Server	LGA	1567	?	4.8–6.4 GT/s
2011/Q1
2011.01.09	Intel Sandy Bridge (2nd gen)
Intel Ivy Bridge (3rd gen)	Desktop	LGA	1155	?	5.7 GT/s	used for Intel 2nd generation, 3rd generation processors.
2011/Q3
2011.11.14	Intel Core i7 3xxx Sandy Bridge-E
Intel Core i7 4xxx Ivy Bridge-E
Intel Xeon E5 2xxx/4xxx (Sandy Bridge EP) (2/4S)
Intel Xeon E5-2xxx/4xxx v2 (Ivy Bridge EP) (2/4S)	Desktop
Server	LGA	2011	?	4.8–6.4 GT/s	Sandy Bridge-E/EP and Ivy Bridge-E/EP both support 40 PCIe 3.0 lanes.
Using the Xeon focused 2011 socket gives also 4 memory Channels.
2011	Intel Core i7
Intel Core i5
Intel Core i3
(2000, 3000 series)	Notebook	rPGA	988	1	2.5 GT/s, 4.8 GT/s
2011	AMD Llano Processors	Desktop	PGA	905	1.27	5.2 GT/s	used for 1st generation APUs
2011	AMD Llano Processors	Notebook	PGA	722	1.27	3.2 GT/s	used for 1st generation Mobile APUs
2011	AMD FX Vishera
AMD FX Zambezi
AMD Phenom II
AMD Athlon II
AMD Sempron	Desktop	PGA	942 (CPU 71pin)	1.27	3.2 GT/s
2012	Intel Xeon (E5 1400 & 2400 series)	Server	LGA	1356	?	3.2–4.0 GT/s
2012	AMD Trinity Processors	Desktop	PGA	904	1.27	?	used for 2nd generation APUs
2013	Intel Haswell (4th gen)
Intel Haswell Refresh
Intel Broadwell (5th gen)	Desktop	LGA	1150	?	?	used for Intel's 4th generation (Haswell/Haswell Refresh), the handful of intel 5th generation processors
2013	Intel Haswell	Notebook	rPGA	946	1	5.0 GT/s
2014	AMD Kaveri
AMD Godavari	Desktop	PGA	906	1.27	?	Compatible with AMD APUs such as "Richland" and "Trinity"
2014	AMD Athlon
AMD Sempron	Desktop	PGA	721	1.27	?	Compatible with AMD APUs such as "Kabini"
2014
(August and September)	Haswell-E
Haswell-EP	Desktop	LGA	2011	?	Up to 68 GB/sec.
Depends on DDR4 speed and channel count.	Up to 40 PCIe 3.0 lanes.
Up to 4 memory Channels.
2015	Intel Skylake (6th gen)
Intel Kaby Lake (7th gen)
Intel Coffee Lake (8th gen)
Intel Coffee Lake Refresh (9th gen)	Desktop	LGA	1151	?	5 GT/s - 8 GT/s	used for Intel's 6th generation (Skylake), 7th generation (Kaby Lake), 8th generation (Coffee Lake) processors, and 9th generation (Coffee Lake Refresh) processors
2016	Intel Xeon Phi
Intel Skylake-SP	Server	LGA	3647	?	?	used for Intel's Xeon Phi x200 and Xeon Scalable processors
2016		Desktop	PGA	1331	1	Depends on DDR4 speed	compatible with AMD Ryzen 9, Ryzen 7, Ryzen 5 & Ryzen 3 Zen based processors
2017	AMD Epyc Naples
AMD Epyc Rome
AMD Epyc Milan	Server	LGA	4094	?	Depends on DDR4 speed	compatible with AMD Epyc processors
2017	AMD Ryzen Threadripper (1000 series)
AMD Ryzen Threadripper (2000 series)	Desktop	LGA	4094	?	Depends on DDR4 speed	compatible with AMD Ryzen Threadripper processors
2017	Intel Skylake-X
Intel Kaby Lake-X
Intel Cascade Lake-X	Desktop
Server	LGA	2066	?	?	Used for Intel's 7th generation (Skylake-X & Kaby Lake-X & Cascade Lake-X) series of Core-X processors
2019	AMD Ryzen Threadripper (3000 series)	Desktop	LGA	4094	?	Depends on DDR4 speed	compatible with 3rd generation AMD Ryzen Threadripper processors
2020	Intel Cooper Lake
Intel Ice Lake-SP	Desktop
Server	LGA	title=LGA 4189 Socket and Hardware	url=https://www.mouser.com/pdfDocs/LGA4189.pdf}}	0.99
2020	Intel Comet Lake (10th gen)
Intel Rocket Lake (11th gen)	Desktop	LGA	1200
2021	Intel Alder Lake (12th gen)
Intel Raptor Lake (13th gen)	Desktop	LGA	1700
2022	AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro (5000 series)	Desktop	LGA	4094
2022	AMD Ryzen 7000 series
AMD Ryzen 8000 series (APU)
AMD Ryzen 9000 series	Desktop	LGA	1718			Zen 4 Ryzen CPUs
2022	AMD Epyc Genoa	Server	LGA	6096			Used for Epyc Genoa and Milan
2022	Intel Sapphire Rapids
intel Emerald Rapids	Server	LGA	4677
2023	AMD Epyc Siena	Server	LGA	4844
2023	AMD Ryzen Threadripper
AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro (7000 series)	Desktop	LGA	4844
2024	Intel Meteor Lake-PS (Core Ultra Series 1)
Intel Arrow Lake (Core Ultra 200S Series)
TBA	Desktop	LGA	1851
2023	Intel Granite Rapids	Server	LGA	4710
2024	Intel Sierra Forest	Server	LGA	7529

Other [[Instruction set architecture|ISAs]]

Socket
name	Year of introduction	CPU families supported	Computer type	Package	Pin count	Pin pitch
(mm)	Bus clock &
transfers	Notes	Daughter Card	Socket 288	Socket 431	Socket 499	Socket 587	Slot B	PAC418	PAC611	LGA 1248	Socket
name	Year of introduction	CPU families supported	Computer type	Package	Pin count	Pin pitch
(mm)	Bus clock &
transfers	Notes
1995	PowerPC 601+	Desktop	Slot	146	?	40-60 Hz
?	PowerPC 603+	Desktop	PGA	288	?	40-60 Hz
1995	Alpha 21064/21064A	Desktop	PGA	431	?	12.5–66.67 MHz
1997	Alpha 21164/21164A	Desktop	PGA	499	?	15–100 MHz
1998	Alpha 21264	Desktop	PGA	587	?	12.5–133 MHz
1999	Alpha 21264/21264A	Desktop	Slot	587	?	100 MHz
2001	Intel Itanium	Server	PGA	418	?	133 MHz
2002	Intel Itanium 2
HP PA-8800, PA-8900	Server	PGA	611	?	200 MHz
2010	Intel Itanium 9300-series and up	Server	LGA	1248	?	4.8-6.4 GT/s

Slotkets

Slotkets are special adapters for using socket processors in bus-compatible slot motherboards.

References

"Intel 815 Chipset Family".
"423 Pin Socket (PGA423) Design Guidelines".
"495-Pin and 615-pin micro-PGA ZIF Socket Design Specification Application Note".
"mPGA 604 Socket Mechanical Design Guide".
"Intel Pentium 4 Processor 478-Pin Socket (mPGA478) Design Guidelines".
"AMD Sempron Processor Product Data Sheet".
"AMD Opteron Processor Product Data Sheet".
CPU only has 478 pins, but the socket has 479.
"LGA 775 Socket Mechanical Design Guide".
"LGA771 Socket Mechanical Design Guide".
"Low-Profile Socket S1 Design Specification".
"AMD Opteron Processor Product Data Sheet".
"Thermal Design Guide for Socket F (1207) Processors".
CPU only has 938 pins, but the socket has 941.
"Socket AM3 design Specification".
"LGA 4189 Socket and Hardware".
Hachman, Mark. (February 2, 1999). "Alpha camp moves to "Slot B" connector to push further into workstations".

Info: Wikipedia Source

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