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Coronal consonant

Type of consonant sound involving tongue placement

Summary

Type of consonant sound involving tongue placement

Coronals are consonants articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue. Among places of articulation, only the coronal consonants can be divided into as many articulation types: apical (using the tip of the tongue), laminal (using the blade of the tongue), domed (with the tongue bunched up), or subapical (using the underside of the tongue) as well as different postalveolar articulations (some of which also involve the back of the tongue as an articulator): palato-alveolar, alveolo-palatal and retroflex. Only the front of the tongue (coronal) has such dexterity among the major places of articulation, allowing such variety of distinctions. Coronals have another dimension, grooved, to make sibilants in combination with the orientations above.

Places of articulation

Coronal places of articulation include the dental consonants at the upper teeth, the alveolar consonants at the upper gum (the alveolar ridge), the various postalveolar consonants (including domed palato-alveolar, laminal alveolo-palatal, and apical retroflex) just behind that, the subapical retroflex consonants curled back against the hard palate, and linguolabial consonants with the tongue against the upper lip. Alveolo-palatal and linguolabial consonants sometimes behave as dorsal and labial consonants, respectively, rather than as coronals.

IPA
symbolmeaningplace
of articulationpassive
(mouth)active
(tongue)secondaryvoice-onset time
dental
advanced
(denti-alveolar)
alveolar
retracted
(postalveolar)
apical
laminal
retroflex
palatalized coronal
alveolo-palatal
palato-alveolar
labialized coronal
velarized coronal
pharyngealized coronal
aspirated coronal

Examples

Arabic

In Arabic and Maltese philology, the sun letters represent coronal consonants.

European

IPA
symbolName of the consonantLanguageExampleIPA
Voiced alveolar sibilantEnglish*zoo*
Voiceless alveolar sibilant*sea*
Voiced dental fricative*that*
Voiceless dental fricative*thud*
Voiced palato-alveolar fricative*vision*
Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative*she*
Alveolar nasal*name*
Voiced alveolar plosive*day*
Voiceless alveolar plosive*tea*
Alveolar approximant*reef*
Alveolar lateral approximant*lift*
Alveolar trillSpanish*perro*
Alveolar flap*pero*

Australian Aboriginal

In Australian Aboriginal languages, coronals contrast with peripheral consonants.

LaminalApicalAlveopalatalDentalAlveolarRetroflexStopNasalLateral

Lack of coronals

The Northwest Mekeo language lacks coronal consonants entirely.

References

References

  1. Dixon, R. M. W.. (2002). "Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development". [[Cambridge University Press]].
  2. Blevins, Juliette. (2009). "Another Universal Bites the Dust: Northwest Mekeo Lacks Coronal Phonemes". Oceanic Linguistics.
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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