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Cork City (UK Parliament constituency)

UK parliamentary constituency in Ireland, 1801–1922

Summary

UK parliamentary constituency in Ireland, 1801–1922

Field	Value
name	Cork City
type	borough
borough	Cork
region	Ireland
county	County Cork
parliament	uk
year	1801
abolished	1922
seats	2
previous	Cork City
next	Cork Borough

the 1801–1922 constituency of the United Kingdom House of Commons and the 1919–1921 First Dáil

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Cork City was a parliamentary constituency in Ireland, represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. From 1880 to 1922 it returned two members of parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. From 1922 it was not represented in the UK Parliament, as it was no longer in the UK.

Cork City was the only constituency in Ireland to return the same number of members in each general election from the Acts of Union in 1801 until the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922.

Boundaries

This constituency comprised the whole of the County of the City of Cork, which was part of County Cork. Cork had the status of a county of itself, although it remained connected with County Cork for certain purposes.

The definition of the constituency boundary, from the Parliamentary Boundaries (Ireland) Act 1832 (2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 89), was as follows.

A Topographical Directory of Ireland, published in 1837, describes the area covered.

The Directory also has a passage on the representative history. Other, more modern, sources ascribe an earlier date to the start of the parliamentary representation of Cork; but the passage is useful for information about the 19th century position.

The County of the City of Cork corresponds to the current barony of Cork.

Members of Parliament

Date	First member	First party	Second member	Second party
Whigs (British political party)}}"		Tories (British political party)}}" rowspan="3"		1801, 1 January	Hon. John Hely-Hutchinson	Whig
Whigs (British political party)}}"		1802, 8 January	Hon. Christopher Hely-Hutchinson	Whig
Tories (British political party)}}" rowspan="3"		1812, 5 November	Sir Nicholas Colthurst, Bt	Tory
Whigs (British political party)}}"		1818, 13 July	Hon. Christopher Hely-Hutchinson	Whig
Whigs (British political party)}}" rowspan="3"		1826, 29 December	John Hely-Hutchinson	Whig
Tories (British political party)}}"		1829, 9 July	Gerrard Callaghan	Tory
Whigs (British political party)}}" rowspan="2"		1830, 29 March	Daniel Callaghan	Whig
Whigs (British political party)}}"		1830, 11 August	Hon. John Boyle	Whig
Repeal Association}}"		1831, 7 May	Repeal Association
Repeal Association}}"		1832, 21 December	Dr. Herbert Baldwin	Repeal Association
Conservative Party (UK)}}"		Conservative Party (UK)}}"		1835, 17 January	Joseph Leycester	Conservative
Repeal Association}}" rowspan="5"		Repeal Association}}"		1835, 18 April	Daniel Callaghan	Repeal Association
Repeal Association}}"		1837, 11 August	Francis Beamish	Repeal Association
Whigs (British political party)}}"		1841, 5 July	Francis Murphy	Whig
Repeal Association}}"		1846, 31 January	Alexander McCarthy	Repeal Association
Repeal Association}}" rowspan="2"		1847, 9 August	William Trant Fagan	Repeal Association
Conservative Party (UK)}}" rowspan="2"		1849, 4 November	James Charles Chatterton	Conservative
Whigs (British political party)}}"		1851, 23 April	Francis Murphy	Whig
Independent Irish Party}}" rowspan="2"		Independent Irish Party}}"		1852, 14 July	William Trant Fagan	Ind. Irish
Whigs (British political party)}}"		1853, 20 August	Francis Beamish	Whig
Whigs (British political party)}}"		1857, 28 March	Whig
Liberal Party (UK)}}"		Liberal Party (UK)}}" rowspan="3"		1859, 6 June	Liberal	Liberal
Liberal Party (UK)}}"		1859, 29 June	Francis Lyons	Liberal
Liberal Party (UK)}}" rowspan="3"		1865, 14 February	Nicholas Daniel Murphy	Liberal
Liberal Party (UK)}}"		1865, 12 July	John Maguire	Liberal
Home Rule League}}" rowspan="2"		1872, 10 December	Joseph Philip Ronayne	Home Rule League
Home Rule League}}" rowspan="2"		1874, 6 February	Home Rule League
Conservative Party (UK)}}"		1876, 25 May	William Goulding	Conservative
Home Rule League}}"		Home Rule League}}"		1880, 5 April	John Daly	Home Rule League
Irish Parliamentary Party}}"		Irish Parliamentary Party}}" rowspan="3"		1882	Irish Parliamentary	Irish Parliamentary
Irish Parliamentary Party}}"		1884, 23 February	John Deasy	Irish Parliamentary
Irish Parliamentary Party}}"		1885, 27 November	Maurice Healy	Irish Parliamentary
Irish National Federation}}"		Irish National Federation}}"		1891, 6 November	Irish National Federation	Martin Flavin
Irish National Federation}}"		1892, 6 July	William O'Brien	Irish National Federation
Irish National Federation}}"		1895, 27 June	J. F. X. O'Brien	Irish National Federation
Irish Parliamentary Party}}"		Irish Parliamentary Party}}"		1900, 4 October	William O'Brien	Irish Parliamentary
	1904, 1 January	vacant
Irish Parliamentary Party}}"		1904, 19 August	William O'Brien	Irish Parliamentary
Irish Parliamentary Party}}"		1905, 14 June	Augustine Roche	Irish Parliamentary
Independent Nationalist}}"		1909, 1 May	Maurice Healy	Independent Nationalist
All-for-Ireland League}}"		1910, 18 January	William O'Brien	All-for-Ireland League
All-for-Ireland League}}"		1910, 6 December	Maurice Healy	All-for-Ireland League
Independent Nationalist}}"		1914, 18 February	Independent Nationalist
Sinn Féin}}"		Sinn Féin}}"		1918, December	J. J. Walsh	Sinn Féin
	1922	constituency abolished

Elections

Candidates referred to as Non Partisan, did not have a party allegiance specified in either Stooks Smith or Walker (see reference section below for the sources) or capable of being inferred by disaggregating different groups incorporated under one label by Walker (such as Whigs before 1859 being listed as Liberals).

In multi-member elections, a change in vote percentage is only calculated for individual candidates not for parties. No attempt is made to compare changes between single member by-elections and previous or subsequent multi-member elections.

Turnouts, in multi-member elections from 1832, are calculated on the basis of the number of electors Stooks Smith records as voting. In some cases estimated turnouts are obtained by dividing the ballots cast by two, to obtain the lowest possible turnout figure. To the extent that electors did not use both their votes, the estimate will be less than the actual turnout.

Elections of the 1910s

The constituency ceased to be represented in the United Kingdom Parliament, upon the dissolution of the House of Commons, in 1922. This was over a month before the Irish Free State came into existence. |reg. electors =
The count took place on 28 December 1918, to allow time for postal votes from the armed forces to arrive. The Sinn Féin MPs did not take their seats at Westminster. |reg. electors = 12,923 |reg. electors = 13,797
Redmond and Roche were associated with the United Irish League wing of Irish Nationalism.
William O'Brien resigned again for a fourth time in January 1914 and re-stood to test local support for his policies, after the All-for-Ireland League suffered heavy defeats in the Cork City municipal elections. |reg. electors = 13,797
Roche and Murphy were associated with the United Irish League wing of Irish Nationalism.

Elections of the 1900s

Cosbie was associated with the United Irish League wing of Irish Nationalism |reg. electors = 13,605
William O'Brien resigned for a third time in 1909. |reg. electors = 13,285
William O'Brien was elected "without his knowledge and against his consent".
Death of J. F. X. O'Brien, in 1905. |reg. electors = 13,103
William O'Brien resigned again in January 1904. |reg. electors = 13,153
The Irish National Federation, the Irish National League and William O'Brien's United Irish League joined forces, to re-create the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), in 1900. Healy contested the 1900 general election as an Independent Nationalist, after forming a Healyite faction, outside the IPP.

Elections of the 1890s

|reg. electors = 13,362 |reg. electors = 13,362

Resignation of William O'Brien |reg. electors = 10,276 |reg. electors = 10,276
The Irish Parliamentary Party split in December 1890. Parnell led the Irish National League, Parnellite Nationalist group. Most of the IPP MPs (including Healy) set up the Irish National Federation as the Anti-Parnellite Nationalist organisation.
Parnell died in office.

Elections of the 1880s

|reg. electors = 14,569 |reg. electors = 14,569 |reg. electors = 5,045

Caused by Daly's resignation.
1882: Home Rule League/Nationalist Party becomes the Irish Parliamentary Party

|reg. electors = 4,680

Elections of the 1870s

|reg. electors = 4,401

Death of Ronayne, on 7 May 1876 |reg. electors = 4,381 |reg. electors = 4,441
Death of Maguire (founder Cork Examiner), on 1 November 1872

Elections of the 1860s

|reg. electors = 3,536 |reg. electors = 3,143 |reg. electors = 3,143

Resignation of Lyons

Elections of the 1850s

|reg. electors = 3,073

Death of Fagan

|reg. electors = 3,073

|reg. electors = 3,050

|reg. electors = 3,152

Appointment of Murphy as a Commissioner of Insolvency

|reg. electors = 3,039

Resignation of Fagan

Elections of the 1840s

|reg. electors = 3,574 (1847 figure)

Death of Callaghan

|reg. electors = 3,574

Resignation of Murphy by accepting the office of Steward of the Manor of Northstead

|reg. electors = 4,364

Elections of the 1830s

|reg. electors = 5,723

|reg. electors = 4,461

Note: On petition Leycester and Chatterton were unseated and Callaghan and Baldwin were declared duly elected, on 18 April 1835.

|reg. electors = 4,322

|reg. electors = 3,876

|reg. electors =

Caused by Callaghan's election in 1829 being declared void.
Note: Daniel Callaghan was the brother of Gerrard Callaghan. Stooks Smith classifies Callaghan as a Repealer from this election, but this may not be an accurate description for the period before 1832. See the footnote to the above table of MPs for a brief description of Callaghan's political views.

Elections of the 1820s

Election of Callaghan declared void, on petition
Death of Colthurst
Death of Hely-Hutchinson

Elections of the 1810s

Elections of the 1800s

Hon. John Hely-Hutchinson created the 1st Baron Hutchinson
1801, 1 January Irish House of Commons members nominated to sit in the corresponding UK House of Commons at Westminster

Notes

References

The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), 2nd edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
, Cork History and Society Patrick O'Flanagan/ Cornelius G. Buttimer Geography Publications 1993

References

"County of the City of Cork".
Elevated to the peerage as the 1st Baron Hutchinson, 1801
(1842). "The Register of Parliamentary Contested Elections". Simpkin, Marshall & Company.
Died in office, 1829
Died in office, 1826
Election declared void
''Who's Who of British members of parliament: Volume I 1832–1885'', edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976); described Callaghan as being of Whig principles, except on Irish Coercion Bills. He was the grandfather of [[George Callaghan. Admiral George Callaghan]].
name="Unseated on petition"
Seated on petition. Joint candidate of the Whig Party and Repeal Association in 1835 and 1837. Died in office, 1849.
Seated on petition. Joint candidate of the Whig Party and Repeal Association in 1835.
Joint candidate of the Whig Party and Repeal Association in 1837.
Resigned
Resigned, 1851
(21 July 1847). "City Representation". Cork Examiner.
(26 April 1851). "Ireland". Hereford Times.
(26 April 1851). "The Cork Election". Newry Examiner and Louth Advertiser.
(12 July 1852). "The General Election". London Evening Standard.
(29 August 1853). "Aris's Birmingham Gazette".
(7 February 2013). "47 William Trant Fagan".
(18 April 1857). "The New Parliament". Dublin Weekly Nation.
Resigned, 1865
Re-elected as a Liberal at the 1865 and 1868 general elections. Returned as a Home Ruler at the 1874 election.
Died in office, 1872
Died in office, 1876
A member of the Parnellite faction of the Home Rule League in 1880. Resigned as MP, 1884.
Leader of the Parnellite faction of the Home Rule League. Re-elected as an Irish Parliamentary Party candidate in 1885 and 1886, he led the Parnellite Nationalists after the split in 1890 until he died in office in 1891.
The by-election in August 1904 was triggered by [[William O'Brien]] resigned his seat on 1 January 1904, and stood for re-election. He was returned unopposed.
At the [[January 1910 United Kingdom general election. January 1910 general election]], O'Brien was elected for both Cork City and [[North East Cork (UK Parliament constituency). North East Cork]]. He chose to sit for Cork City.
[[William O'Brien]] had been elected as an [[All-for-Ireland League]] candidate, but resigned his seat on 19 January 1914, and stood for re-election as an independent nationalist. He was returned unopposed.
(1978). "Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801-1922". Royal Irish Academy.
''The Times (London)'', Saturday, 27 August 1904 p. 8 col. C
(17 November 1849). "Tipperary Vindicator".
"Cork".

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